2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题汇编卷

2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题汇编卷学校:___________班级:___________姓名:___________考号:___________考试时长：60分钟满分：100分SectionIUseofEnglish(10points)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Theconceptof“smartcities”hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears.Itreferstourbanareasthatusevarioustypesofelectronicmethodsandsensorstocollectdata.Insightsgainedfromthatdataareusedtomanageassets,resourcesandservicesefficiently;inreturn,thatdataisusedtoimproveoperationsacrossthecity.Thisincludesdatacollectedfromcitizens,devices,buildingsandassetsthatisthenprocessedandanalyzedtomonitorandmanagetrafficandtransportationsystems,powerplants,watersupplynetworks,wastemanagement,lawenforcement,informationsystems,schools,libraries,hospitals,andothercommunityservices.Thesmartcityconceptintegratesinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT),andvariousphysicaldevicesconnectedtotheInternetofthings(IoT)networktooptimizetheefficiencyofcityoperationsandservicesandconnecttocitizens.Smartcitytechnologyallowscityofficialstointeractdirectlywithbothcommunityandcityinfrastructureandtomonitorwhatishappeninginthecityandhowthecityisevolving.ICTisusedtoenhancequality,performanceandinteractivityofurbanservices,toreducecostsandresourceconsumption,andtoimprovecontactbetweencitizensandgovernment.Smartcityapplicationsaredevelopedtomanageurbanflowsandallowforreal-timeresponses.Asmartcitymaythereforebemorepreparedtorespondtochallengesthanonewithaconventional“transactional”relationshipwithitscitizens.Yet,thesmartcityconceptfaceschallenges,particularlyregardingdataprivacyandthedigitaldivide.1.A.tractionB.attractionC.fractionD.contraction2.A.refersB.relatesC.appliesD.attributes3.A.effectivelyB.efficientlyC.sufficientlyD.respectively4.A.operationsB.optionsC.opinionsD.occasions5.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where6.A.integratedB.integratesC.integratingD.integrate7.A.onB.toC.forD.with8.A.allowB.allowsC.allowedD.allowing9.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.how10.A.andB.butC.orD.yet11.A.isusedB.areusedC.usesD.use12.A.reduceB.reducedC.reducingD.reduces13.A.amongB.betweenC.withinD.through14.A.developedB.aredevelopedC.developD.develops15.A.flowsB.flowC.flowingD.flowed16.A.allowB.allowsC.allowedD.allowing17.A.challengesB.changeC.chancesD.choices18.A.thanB.thenC.thatD.thus19.A.conventionalB.conversationalC.conditionalD.confidential20.A.regardingB.regardlessC.relatingD.relativeSectionIIReadingComprehension(40points)PartA(30points)Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Text1Theriseofremotework,acceleratedbythepandemic,hasfundamentallyalteredthegeographyoftalentandopportunity.Companiesarenolongerboundbythephysicallocationoftheirofficeswhenhiring.Thisshiftpromisestospreadeconomicgrowthmoreevenlyacrossregions,potentiallyrevitalizingsmalltownsandruralareasthathavelongsufferedfrombraindrain.However,thisdecentralizationalsoposessignificantchallengesformajormetropolitanhubs,whichhavehistoricallythrivedbyconcentratinghigh-skilledworkersandinnovativefirms.Proponentsarguethatremoteworkcanleadtoamoreequitabledistributionofwealthandabetterqualityoflifeforindividualswhocannowchoosewheretolivebasedonlifestylepreferencesratherthanjobproximity.Critics,however,warnofapotentialerosionofurbancenters’taxbasesandculturalvitality,andpointoutthatnotalljobsorworkersaresuitedtoremotearrangements.Furthermore,theinfrastructureforhigh-speedinternet—aprerequisiteforeffectiveremotework—remainsunevenlydistributed,potentiallycreatingnewdigitaldivides.21.Themainideaofthetextisthattheriseofremotework______.A.isaninevitableresultoftechnologicaladvancementB.hassolelypositiveeffectsonruraldevelopmentC.bringsbothopportunitiesandchallengestoregionaldevelopmentD.willleadtotheinevitabledeclineofmajorcities22.Accordingtothetext,remoteworkmayhelpto______.A.increasethetaxrevenueofmetropolitanareasB.reversethebraindraininlesspopulatedareasC.ensureallworkershaveequalaccesstoopportunityD.makehigh-speedinternetuniversallyavailable23.Theword“proponents”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablymeans______.A.opponentsB.supportersC.residentsD.employers24.Criticsareconcernedaboutremoteworkpotentially______.A.loweringthequalityoflifeforworkersB.beingunsuitableforanytypeofjobC.weakeningtheeconomicandculturalstrengthofcitiesD.requiringtoomuchinvestmentininternetinfrastructure25.Whichofthefollowingisaprerequisiteforeffectiveremoteworkmentionedinthetext?A.Governmentsubsidies.B.High-speedinternet.C.Culturalvitality.D.Jobproximity.Text2Biodiversitylossisoneofthemostpressingenvironmentalcrises,yetitoftenreceiveslesspublicattentionthanclimatechange.Scientistswarnthatthecurrentrateofspeciesextinctionistenstohundredsoftimeshigherthantheaverageoverthepast10millionyears,andthisaccelerationisprimarilydrivenbyhumanactivities.Habitatdestructionduetoagriculture,logging,andurbanizationistheleadingcause.Othermajordriversincludeoverexploitation(suchasoverfishingandpoaching),pollution,thespreadofinvasivespecies,andclimatechangeitself.Theconsequencesofbiodiversitylossareprofoundandinterconnected.Ecosystemsbecomelessresilient,reducingtheirabilitytoprovideessentialserviceslikepollination,waterpurification,andclimateregulation.This,inturn,threatensfoodsecurity,humanhealth,andlivelihoods.Moreover,thelossofspeciesrepresentsanirreversibleerosionoftheplanet’sgeneticlibrary,withpotentiallossesoffuturemedicines,materials,andinsightsintobiologicalprocesses.Addressingbiodiversitylossrequiresconcertedinternationalaction,similartotheeffortsagainstclimatechange,butitalsodemandstacklingtherooteconomicandsocialdrivers,suchasunsustainableconsumptionpatterns.26.Accordingtothetext,biodiversityloss______.A.hasreceivedmoreattentionthanclimatechangeB.isoccurringataratecomparabletohistoricalaveragesC.ismainlycausedbynaturalevolutionaryprocessesD.isaseverecrisisprimarilydrivenbyhumanactivity27.Theleadingcauseofbiodiversitylossis______.A.climatechangeB.overexploitationofspeciesC.habitatdestructionD.pollution28.Theword“resilient”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.productiveB.resistantC.fragileD.recoverable29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaconsequenceofbiodiversityloss?A.Reducedabilityofecosystemstoprovideservices.B.Threatstofoodsecurityandhumanhealth.C.Increasedfrequencyofnaturaldisasters.D.Irreversiblelossofgeneticinformation.30.Theauthorsuggeststhataddressingbiodiversitylossneeds______.A.focusingsolelyonscientificresearchB.internationalcooperationandaddressingrootcausesC.prioritizingeconomicgrowthoverconservationD.waitingfortechnologicalsolutionstoemergeText3Thenotionof“lifelonglearning”hasevolvedfromapersonalpursuittoaneconomicimperative.Intoday’srapidlychanginglabormarket,drivenbyautomationanddigitaltransformation,theskillsacquiredinformaleducationcanbecomeobsoletewithinyears.Consequently,individualsareincreasinglyexpectedtoengageincontinuousskilldevelopmentthroughouttheircareerstoremainemployable.Thisshiftplacesanewburdenonworkers,whomustnavigatelearningopportunitiesoftenontheirowntimeanddime,whilealsochallengingeducationalinstitutionsandemployerstoprovideaccessible,relevant,andflexibleupskillingpathways.Governmentsandcorporationsarerecognizingtheneedtofosterlifelonglearningecosystems.Somecountriesareexperimentingwithindividuallearningaccounts,providingcitizenswithfundingfortraining.Companiesareexpandingin-housetrainingprogramsandpartneringwithonlineeducationplatforms.However,significantbarriersremain,particularlyforlow-incomeworkersandolderadults,whomaylacktheresources,time,ordigitalliteracytoparticipateeffectively.Theriskisthatthelifelonglearningimperativecouldexacerbateexistinginequalitiesifaccessisnotdemocratized.31.Theauthorstatesthatlifelonglearninghasbecomeaneconomicimperativebecause______.A.formaleducationistooexpensiveB.automationisreplacingalljobsC.skillsfromformaleducationquicklybecomeoutdatedD.peoplearelivingandworkinglonger32.Theshifttowardslifelonglearningburdensworkersbyrequiringthemto______.A.payforformaluniversitydegreesrepeatedlyB.learnnewskillsoftenattheirowncostandtimeC.switchcareersmultipletimesD.relysolelyonemployersfortraining33.Theword“obsolete”(Line2,Para.1)mostprobablymeans______.A.outdatedB.specializedC.valuableD.basic34.Measuresmentionedtofosterlifelonglearninginclude______.A.reducingthenumberofuniversityplacesB.individuallearningaccountsandcorporatetrainingprogramsC.mandatoryretirementagereductionD.increasingtaxesforcontinuouseducation35.Apotentialnegativeoutcomeofthelifelonglearningtrend,asmentionedinthetext,is______.A.adecreaseinoverallworkforceproductivityB.theclosureoftraditionaluniversitiesC.worseningsocialinequalityifaccessisunequalD.anoversupplyofhighlyskilledworkersText4Inthehistoryofscience,collaborationhasoftenbeentheengineofbreakthroughdiscoveries.Theimageofthelonegeniustoilinginisolationis,inmanycases,aromanticmyth.FromthelargeteamsatCERNthatdiscoveredtheHiggsbosontotheinternationalconsortiumbehindtheHumanGenomeProject,modernbigscienceisinherentlycollaborative.Thistrendisnotlimitedtothenaturalsciences.Digitalhumanitiesprojects,forinstance,relyonscholarsfromdiversefieldssharingdataandtoolstoanalyzevastcorporaoftext.Collaborationacceleratesprogressbypoolingexpertise,resources,andperspectives.Itallowsforthetacklingofcomplexproblemsthatarebeyondthescopeofanysingleindividualordiscipline.However,collaborationalsopresentschallenges:coordinatinglargegroups,managingintellectualproperty,ensuringfaircreditattribution,andbridgingculturalandmethodologicaldifferencesbetweenfields.Despitethesehurdles,theincreasingspecializationofknowledgeandthescaleofcontemporaryresearchquestionsmakecollaborationnotjustbeneficialbutessential.Thefutureofdiscoverymaydependlessonsolitarybrillianceandmoreonourabilitytoworktogethereffectively.36.Theauthorarguesthatthe“lonegenius”imageisoften______.A.anaccurateportrayalofmostinventorsB.aromanticizedandinaccuratemythC.essentialforcreativethinkingD.becomingmorecommonindigitalage37.TheauthormentionsCERNandtheHumanGenomeProjectasexamplesof______.A.privatelyfundedresearchinitiativesB.controversialscientificendeavorsC.collaborativebigscienceprojectsD.failuresofindividual-ledresearch38.Accordingtothetext,akeyadvantageofcollaborationisitsabilityto______.A.reducetheoverallcostofallresearchB.solveproblemstoocomplexforindividualsorsingledisciplinesC.guaranteeequalcreditforallparticipantsD.eliminatetheneedforspecializedknowledge39.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasachallengeofcollaboration?A.Lackofcomplexproblemstosolve.B.Difficultyinfindingfundingforteams.C.Ensuringfairattributionofcredit.D.Decreasingspecializationofknowledge.40.Theauthorconcludesthatfuturescientificdiscoverywillrelymoreon______.A.increasedgovernmentfundingB.solitarybrillianceanddeepspecializationC.effectivecollaborationacrossfieldsD.focusingonsmaller-scalequestionsPartB(10points)Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Thecirculareconomyrepresentsasystemicshiftfromthetraditionallinearmodelof“take,make,dispose”toonethatisregenerativebydesign.Itaimstokeepproducts,components,andmaterialsattheirhighestutilityandvalueatalltimes.(41)______.Thiscontrastssharplywiththelineareconomy,whichfollowsapathofresourceextraction,production,consumption,andfinallywaste.Implementingacirculareconomyinvolvesstrategiesatmultiplelevels.(42)______.Forexample,productscanbedesignedfordurability,repairability,andeventualdisassemblysothatmaterialscanberecoveredandreused.Atabusinessmodellevel,companiescanshiftfromsellingproductstoleasingthemorofferingthemasservices,therebyretainingownershipofthematerials.(43)______.Thepotentialbenefitsaresubstantial.Economically,itcanreducecostsassociatedwithrawmaterialprocurementandwastemanagement,fosterinnovation,andcreatenewjobsinrepair,remanufacturing,andrecyclingsectors.(44)______.Itcanalsoenhanceresourcesecuritybyreducingdependenceonvolatilecommoditymarkets.However,thetransitionisnotwithoutobstacles.(45)______.Currentregulationsandeconomicincentivesoftenfavorlinearmodels.Consumerbehavior,ingrainedinacultureofdisposability,needstochange.Furthermore,buildingthenecessaryinfrastructureforcollection,sorting,andreprocessingrequiressignificantinvestmentandcross-sectorcollaboration.Despitethesechallenges,thecirculareconomyoffersapromisingframeworkforachievingsustainablegrowth.A.Environmentally,itcansignificantlylowergreenhousegasemissions,pollution,andthepressureonnaturalecosystems.B.Thisconceptisnotnewandhasbeenpracticedinsomeindigenousculturesforcenturies.C.Attheproductdesignstage,thefocusisoncreatinggoodsthatlastlongerandcanbeeasilyrecycledorrefurbished.D.Therefore,governmentsmustimposestrictlawstoforcecompaniestoadoptcircularpractices.E.Onemajorhurdleistheexistingeconomicandregulatorysystem.F.Inessence,itisaboutdecouplingeconomicactivityfromtheconsumptionoffiniteresources.G.Onasocietallevel,consumereducationandparticipationarecrucialforclosingmaterialloops.SectionIIITranslation(15points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreaddebateaboutitsimpactonthefutureofwork.WhilesomefearthatAIwillleadtomassivejobdisplacement,othersarguethatitwillcreatenewrolesandaugmenthumancapabilities,muchlikeprevioustechnologicalrevolutions.Historicalprecedentsuggeststhattechnologytendstoautomateroutinetasks,freeinghumanstofocusonmorecomplex,creative,andsocialendeavors.Thekeychallengeforsocietiesisnottopreventtechnologicalchangebuttomanagethetransitionsmoothlythroughproactivepoliciesineducation,socialsafetynets,andlabormarketregulation.Ultimately,therelationshipbetweenAIandworkwillbeshapedlessbythetechnologyitselfandmorebytheeconomic,political,andethicalchoiceswemaketoday.SectionIVWriting(35points)PartA(10points)Directions:Supposeyouareamemberofyouruniversity’sstudentunion.Theunionisplanningtoorganizeacampuslectureonmentalhealt