高考阅读理解词义猜测课件（含学案）-高三英语二轮复习专项

近四年真题2022-2025题型突破：词义猜测题策略StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReading新课标中关于阅读理解的要求:要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：1.理解主旨要义；2.理解文中具体信息；

3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4.做出判读和推理；5.理解文章的基本结构6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。考点解读

从以上表格可以看出，高考英语对于词义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题，它包括单词（词组）词义猜测、句子猜测和代词指代题。

在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。

词义猜测题可以使用以下口决：1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好；2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持；3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑,上下求索寻真义。常用的提问方式(1)Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby________.(2)Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean___________.(3)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?(4)Theunderlinedword/sentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.(5)Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…选项规律正确选项特征逻辑通顺内容上与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑；代词查询代词指代有时与上文距离较远，需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论；本意延伸真实的含义与其字面意思无关，在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展；接近原意采取转述、举例或列举等表达方式，与原句意思最接近。干扰项特征1.构词法干扰，指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；2.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。3.

拘泥于字面意思，根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。解题策略同义关系构词法指代关系124301解释说明法定义，举例，定语，同位语，标点04语境法分析句子成分，上下文语境03逻辑关系法转折，并列，因果关系02构词法合成，派生，转化策略1：解释说明法：利用同位语、定语、标点等进行猜测

即用上下文的定义、同位语或定语从句或例子来猜测词义；_______________________________________________________________________等词汇后面的内容是对前面内容的解释说明；另外破折号、冒号等标点也能帮助定位解释句来推断词义。举例用语：___________________________________________等后的内容也有助猜测。mean,represent,referto,bedefinedas,thatis,becalled,namely,inotherwordsforinstance,forexample,suchas,like,including原文：（2023新课标I，C）Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.词义猜测题正确的答案：A分析：解析根据画线词所在句中的冒号可知，thedigitaldeclutter就是mysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy。thisphilosophy指的是上一段尾句中提到的数字极简主义生活理念(thedigitalminimalismphilosophy)，那么过这种生活的方法也应该与极简有关。再结合画线词后句对thedigitaldeclutter的具体阐述可知，要求30天不参加非强制的线上活动，30天结束的时候，选择参加少量真正对你有好处的线上活动。言外之意就是，对数字活动进行清理(clear-up)。故A正确。原文：（2025年1月浙江省普通高校招生全国统一考试浙江卷）Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewing

fertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”

inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Runningoutof.

B.Keepingawayfrom.C.Puttingupwith.

D.Takingadvantageof.词义猜测题正确的答案：B分析：前文提到“矩阵种植（matrixplanting）”的目标是“让自然承担更多园艺工作（naturedoesalotmoreoftheheavylifting）”，且核心原则是“更像自然一样园艺（gardenmorelikenaturedoes）”。后文“Eschewingfertilizersandpowertools”是对这一原则的具体实践说明——自然状态下的生态系统中，不存在“化肥（fertilizers）”和“电动工具（powertools）”，因此该种植方式必然会对这两类人工物品采取“排斥”或“不使用”的态度。故B。策略2：构词法：即根据派生、转化、合成法解题

“构词法”：利用转化，合成，派生词进行推测; watertheplantdisagree2143合成法compound转化法Conversion缩略法Abbreviation派生法Derivation派生法派生法是英语单词的主要构成法，它是通过在基础词根上添加前缀或者后缀来构造新词。一般来说，前缀改变词义不改变词性；而后缀改变词性不改变词义。例如：dis-,un-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,mis-等是一些表示否定或者相反意思的前缀，它们用在单词的前面往往构成原单词的反义词。如：appear→disappear,possible→impossible,like→unlike,smoker→non-smoker等。又如前缀re-表示"又，再"；co-表示"共同"；mini-或者micro-表示"小的"；over-表示"过于"；super-表示"超级，极"；tele-表示"远的"等。转化法把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。例如：Theauthoremptiedallhispocketstofindhisticket．empty由形容词转化用作动词，在此表示"掏空"的意思。又如：WidespreadprotestshaveplacedthePresidentunderseriouspressure.place由名词转化成动词，表示"安置，使……处于某位置"。合成法easy-going,old-fashioned,up-to-datesomewhere,eggplant,anyone,newspaper,cowboythemepark,humanrights,

busstop,postoffice,readingroom归

纳：由______或________词合成一个新词,有的用_______________连接,有的________连写在一起，还有的由____________________构成，这样的构词方法叫做合成法。两个多个连词符号“-”hyphen直接分开的两个词原文：（广东湛江·统考一模）原文：Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfinding:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcoralsintoreproducingoutsideoftheappropriatetimeswhentheywouldnormallygrow.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reproducing”mean?A.ProduceyoungB.CreatetimeC.CausenormalD.Leadtolightpollution.词义猜测题正确的答案：A分析：1、词根词缀拆解理解词意。词根“produce”表示“生产、产生”，前缀“re-”表示“再次、重复”，因此“reproduce”核心含义为“重复生产、再生”，在生物语境中特指“繁殖”。2、结合上下文验证句子提到“Lightpollution...cantrickcoralsintoreproducingoutsideoftheappropriatetimeswhentheywouldnormallygrow”珊瑚作为生物，“生长（grow）”和“繁殖”是其核心生命活动，且“reproducing”与“grow”形成时间上的对比，符合生物规律，进一步确认此处为“繁殖”含义。链接高考高考题语境中猜测词义1.(2024·新高考I卷)Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.2.(2024·新高考I卷)Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens...3.(2025·新高考I卷)MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.4.(2025·新高考II卷)“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.“Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmood”.n.拼写检查程序vt.数目超过n.微塑料a.富有植物的策略3：逻辑法：即利用逻辑关系词确定词汇含义

“逻辑法”：利用逻辑关系词确定含义因果关系(so/because...);转折关系(but/however...);thankfully/unfornately让步关系(although/though...);对比关系(otherwise/ratherthan/while/onthecontrary...); 原文：（2025年北京卷）Althoughmydaughterdidn’twin,shedidhelpexposeoneoftheworstpiecesofadviceIhaveevergiven.Inmydefence,Ididwhatwe’vealldonebefore,whichisrepeatreceivedwisdomwithoutexploringthenuances.Butnowisthetimetosettherecordstraight,whichstartswithquestioningtheideathatallsocialcomparisonisunhealthy.29.Whatdoestheword“nuances”underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Majorachievements. B.Complexfeelings.C.Significantimpacts. D.Finedifferences.词义猜测题正确的答案：D分析：根据本段第二句话“

Inmydefence,Ididwhatwe’vealldonebefore,whichisrepeatreceivedwisdomwithoutexploringthe

nuances.Butnowisthetimetosettherecordstraight,whichstartswithquestioningtheideathatallsocialcomparisonisunhealthy.可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况。逻辑上一转折，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是“细微差别”。原文：（2024年新课标Ⅱ卷）原文：Inthewronghands，

suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode（代码）thatpowersAIbut，thankfully，Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic，makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich，bytheclose，willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean？（）A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.词义猜测题正确的答案：A分析：根据画线短语后的but，thankfully...intotheunderstandable可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。由此推测，画线短语Inthewronghands指的是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。competent表示“足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的”。原文：（2023年新课标Ⅱ卷）原文：Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand.

B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.词义猜测题正确的答案：A分析：根据关键词和定位信息可知画线词所在的句子的意思:这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了一些我们都能理解的时刻。根据句中的转折意义可推知,此处与画线短语“relateto”的意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A.反思：解题时,根据定位信息的语境排除B项的paint;而C项seize的意思是“抓住;占领;夺取”等,和画线词的语境也明显不符,故排除。原文：（2023年1月浙江卷）原文：Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkles

willnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”29.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A.Arguments.

B.Doubts.

C.Errors.

D.Differences.词义猜测题正确的答案：C分析：画线词所在分句意为“这些当然会被解决”，画线词前面的Such提示应该从上文找答案。根据“Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.”可推知，画线词wrinkles指代的是上句中提到的errors。故选C。原文：（2023全国甲卷第26题）原文：Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.词义猜测题正确的答案：D分析：前文提到“狗以捡东西的习性闻名”，后文对比转折说“猫会找随机物品带给主人”，说明猫的这类行为比狗更进阶，对应“做得更好”。故选D。原文：（2022年6月浙江卷）Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer,”saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.28.Theunderlinedword“go-getter”inparagraph3referstosomeonewho________.A.isgoodathandlingpressureB.workshardtobecomesuccessfulC.hasanaturaltalentforhisjobD.getsonwellwithhisco-workers词义猜测题正确的答案：B分析：根据go-getter后面的提示词while可知，go-getter前面的eatslunchathisdesk与其后面的chatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice形成对比，突显前者的积极上进。B项指那些努力工作而获取成功的人，符合句意。故选B。。原文：（2022年6月北京卷）原文：Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallyprone

tohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.词义猜测题正确的答案：A分析：根据第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A.Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故选A开放的；易受损害的策略4：语境法根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测含义;维度一：下定义——直接解释，明确含义​关键信号词：thatis,namely,破折号（—）,定语从句（which/that引导）​示例：Ahomestay,whichmeanslivingwithalocalfamilyduringatrip,helpsvisitorsknowmoreaboutlocalculture.​→

借“whichmeans”引导的定语从句（定义），推知“homestay=寄宿家庭”​语境法根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测含义;维度二：举例——借实例推类别/词义​核心逻辑：通过“具体例子”展现生词所指的范围或特征​关键信号词：suchas,like,forexample,including​示例：Manyusefulherbs,suchasmintandrosemary,canbeusedtomakenaturaldrinks.​→

借“suchas”后的实例（薄荷、迷迭香），判断“herbs=草本植物”语境法根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测含义;维度三：重述——同义替换，重复提示​核心逻辑：用“同义/近义表达”重复生词含义，降低理解难度​关键信号词：and,too,逗号（,）分隔的并列结构​示例：Thestudentsfeltanxiousabouttheexam,andtheirparentswerealsoworriedabouttheresult.​→

借“anxious”与“worried”的同义重述（and连接），推知“anxious=焦虑的”所有维度的核心——先抓“信号词”，再顺线索找上下文关联原文：（2025年全国I卷）Butthingsweredifferentfortheirfirstessay,whichwasaboutthequestion:“Whyiswritingimportant?”Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(论点)statement.Iwasshocked....Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.ThistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinterestingTheresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?A．Mixed.B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing.词义猜测题正确的答案：B分析：根据文章第三段中划线词下文“Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。原文：（2024年九省联考卷）原文：However，therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition，formulate（阐述）anargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand，askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirviewandspellout

theirargumentfully.Assessitsstrengthandweakness.Raiseobjections（异议）andlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequireeffort，butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymean？（）A.Defend.B.Explain.C.Conclude.D.Repeat.词义猜测题正确的答案：B分析：根据第三段第二句中的Whenyoustateyourposition，formulate（阐述）anargument和画线部分前的askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview可知，当你陈述你的立场时，你需要阐述自己的论点；而当别人陈述自己的立场时，你也可以要求他们为自己的观点找出理由并充分“阐述”。由此推测，画线短语spellout意为“阐述，解释”。故选B。原文：（2023年全国甲卷）原文：Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit，butcats

takethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat’sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators（食肉动物）.Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit’sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit！26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase“take...upanotch”inparagraph3？（）A.Performappropriately.

B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.词义猜测题正确的答案：D分析：画线短语前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫的行为，它们会将在外面找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意。因此画线短语所在部分表明猫将这种行为提升了一个档次，它们在取物方面做得更好。。原文：（2023全国甲卷第24题）原文：TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A.Anartist. B.Awinner. C.Aspecialist. D.Apioneer.词义猜测题正确的答案：C分析：后文提到Terri擅长安装架子、组装家具，能自己做的事从不花钱请人，说明她是DIY领域的“能手”。“adabhand”是固定短语，意为“能手、高手”，指在某方面技艺娴熟的人。所以选C。。原文：（2022年全国甲卷）原文：Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.

D.Sticktoapromise.词义猜测题正确的答案：A分析：画线短语前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫的行为，它们会将在外面找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意。因此画线短语所在部分表明猫将这种行为提升了一个档次，它们在取物方面做得更好。。原文：（2022年新高考II卷）原文：Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.词义猜测题正确的答案：B分析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。。原文：（2022年全国乙卷）原文：Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenance

costsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.词义猜测题正确的答案：C分析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。。第一步:审读题干,判断代词(it,one,they,this,that,these,those,which等)或助动词(do,does,did等)具体指代词的含义，如指代单数、复数、指人，物，还是一件事等。第二步:返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子。第三步：将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。策略5：代词指代类原文：（2025年全国II卷）Thereareupto30studentsatanygiventimeinHo’sclass.Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtestsbeingusedattheirhomeschools.Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.“Theythinktheirteachersdon’tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A．Offeringregularlessons. B．Payingextraattention.C．Assigningnoschoolwork.D．Showingnosympathy.词义猜测题正确的答案：C分析：根据文章第四段划线词所在句“Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.(一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)”可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C。。原文：（2024年1月浙江卷）Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox？Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago，right？ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions（试演）formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing，Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeit

seemabitmore“youngprofessional”.24.Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto？（）A.Theplay.B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa.D.Thetelephonebox.词义猜测题正确的答案：B分析：根据第一段中的Iwasconductingauditions（试演）formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.和Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”可推断，作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番。故选B。。原文：（2022年新高考II卷）AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneed

something

onthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.词义猜测题正确的答案：D分析：“something”所在语境前文提及纽约立法者提议推广“Textalyzer”设备，用于核查司机是否违反“免提驾驶法”；后文明确提到“iftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw”，且说话人Félix曾推动2001年纽约“禁止司机使用手持设备”的规定，核心围绕“法律手段”展开。同时，“onthebooks”是关键短语，意为“（法律、规则等）已正式颁布并生效的，载入条文的”，进一步限定“something”需与“法律/法规”相关。故选D。原文：（2022年6月浙江卷）Althoughmykindergartenexperiencefeelslikeacenturyago,thelessonsIlearnedwillstickinmymindforever.Forthepastthreesummers,IhaveworkedinagovernmentagencyinNewYork.Newimmigrants—muchlikethelittlegirl

inthelunchline—floodedourofficeseekinghelp.IoftenhadtobeaninterpreterfortheItalian-speakingones.AsIservedtheroleofvitalcommunicationlink,IwasremindedofmydesperatestruggletoconversebeforeIlearnedEnglish.IwatchedwithgreatsympathyaselderlyItalianstriedtoholdaconversationinItalianwithpeoplewhodidnotspeakthelanguage.ItsuddenlybecameverycleartomehowluckyIwastobefluentintwolanguages.22.Whodoes“thelittlegirl”inparagraph2referto?A.AnItalianteacher.

B.Agovernmentofficial.C.Theauthorherself.

D.Theauthor’sclassmate.词义猜测题正确的答案：C分析：原文中“thelittlegirlinthelunchline”与“Newimmigrants”类比，后文紧接着提到作者“remindedofmydesperatestruggletoconversebeforeIlearnedEnglish”（联想到自己学英语前艰难的沟通困境），可见作者是将新移民的处境与自己过去的经历关联，“thelittlegirl”是作者对自身童年（幼儿园时期，对应首句“kindergartenexperience”）的指代。故选C。（2025浙江强基联盟10月高三试题）Astudyledbyprimatologist(灵长类动物学家)IsabelleLaumerattheMaxPlanckInstituterevealsfascinatinginsights."Wedocumentedyoungapesdeliberatelysneakinguptohitadults,thenwaitingexpectantlyforareaction,"Laumerexplains."Thisisn'trandomplay—itmeetsallthecriteriaofintentionalteasing."Over75hoursofvideorecordingsshowedthisbehaviormirrorshowhumanchildrenjoke:repetitive,surprising,andaimedatseekingresponses.Theresearchersnotedthattheapesevenpausedtowatchfortheadult'sreaction,muchlikeachildwait