Unit9HumanBiology一轮复习课件-高三英语北师大版（2019）选择性

2026届高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习课件——选择性必修第三册UNIT9

HUMANBIOLOGY课时习题巩固检测重点单词及句型讲解派生词及重点短语梳理Content

目录partoneparttwopartthreepartone

派生词及重点短语梳理

派生词梳理1.biologyn.生物学biologicaladj.生物的;生物学的biologistn.生物学家2.capabilityn.(完成困难事情的)能力,才能capableadj.有能力3.infervt.推断,推定inferencen.推断;推论4.calculatevt.计算,核算calculationn.计算;估计calculatorn.计算器5.physicistn. 物理学家physicsn.物理学physicaladj.物理学的;身体的;物质的6.innovatevi.&

vt. 革新,创新,改革innovationn.创新;改革innovativeadj.革新的;富有革新精神的7.bettermentn.(个人社会和经济地位的)改良,改善,提高bettervt.胜过;超过;上进adj.&

adv. 更好n.更好的事物8.participantn.参加者,参与者participatevi.参加;参与

participationn.参加;参与9.editvi.&

vt.编辑,编校;剪辑,剪接editionn. 版本;版次editorn.编辑,主编10.comparisonn.比较comparevt.比较11.whollyadv.完全地wholeadj.完全的12.accurateadj.准确的,正确的accuratelyadv.准确地

accuracyn准确(性);精确(程度)13.treatmentn.诊疗,治疗,疗法;对待方式treatvt.治疗;对待;款待;请(客)n.招待;款待14.blessingn.福气,幸运blessvt.祝福15.nerven.神经;焦虑,恐惧,紧张nervousadj.易紧张焦虑的16.organn.器官organicadj.器官的;有机的17.locatevi.&

vt.找出……的准确位置locationn. 位置locatedadj.位于;坐落在18.classifyvt.将……分类;把……归入一类classifiedadj.分类的;机密的classificationn.归类,分类,分级19.opposedadj.与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物opposevt.反对;抵制oppositeadj.对面的;相反的n.对立面

prep. 在……对面oppositionn.反对,反抗20.depressingadj. 令人沮丧的,让人忧愁的depressvt.使沮丧depressedadj.沮丧的;抑郁的depressionn.沮丧21.visibleadj.看得见的invisibleadj.看不见的

visibilityn.能见度,能见距离;可见性22.systematicadj. 系统化的,有条理的systemn. 系统;体系;制度23.globen.地球,世界;地球仪globaladj.全球的24.correspondingadj.相应的;对应的correspondvi.相一致;符合correspondencen.相似;相关;通信;来往信件25.identifyvt.确定,发现;认出,识别identificationn.确定;确认;鉴定;辨认26.astronomern.天文学家astronomyn.天文学重点短语梳理1.leadto导致2.beboundto一定;势必会3.beviewedas被看作4.comeintocontactwith接触到,和……接触5.beclassifiedas被归类为6.getthrough度过,熬过;设法处理,完成7.resultin导致8.comeupwith想出,想到9.junkfood不利健康的食品,垃圾食品10.agreatdealof大量11.incomparisonwith与……比较起来12.onrecord有记载的,记录在案的13.upto多达;直到14.inthecourseof 在……期间,在……过程中15.bewhollydevotedtotheresearch全身心地投入到研究中去16.breakthistechnicalbarrier打破这个技术壁垒17.rapidlyspreadtoalargenumberofpeople快速传播给大量的人18.withinashortperiodoftime在很短的时间内19.becausedbyseveraldifferentfactors是由几个不同的因素引起的20.asopposedtomorecommondiseases不同于更常见的疾病21.drawparallel相提并论22.preventanyfutureoutbreaks预防未来的疾病爆发动词后缀-ify:①表示使得

②表示使……变成

③表示使(某人)充满(某种感情)直接加-ifyclassify将……分类去掉结尾字母e加-ifysimplify简化;purify净化;diversify多样化;intensify加强y变i再加-fybeautify美化特殊强记identity

n.身份,本体→identify

v.发现;认出;quantity

n.数量→quantify

v.确定数量构词方法归纳parttwo

重点单词及句型讲解

1.treatment

n.诊疗,治疗,疗法(cure);对待方式→treatn.招待;款待

v.对待;款待;

请客;治疗【经典造句】

BecauseIwasunder

treatment,mymotherwasstronglyopposedtomyfathertreatingmetojunkfood.因为我正在接受治疗,我母亲强烈反对我父亲请我吃垃圾食品。undertreatment 在治疗中treat...as... 把……看作……;把……视为……treatsbtosth 用某物招待某人,以某物款待某人treatsbwith... 以……方式对待某人重点单词讲解2.contain

vt.包含(include),容纳,装盛;控制(control,restrain)→containern.容器【经典造句】

Unabletocontain

his

anger,heturnedaroundandroaredangrily,“Whoonearthdidit?”他无法控制自己的愤怒,转过身来怒吼,“到底是谁干的?”containone’sanger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings克制自己的愤怒/失望/好奇/情感containoneself 控制自己;自制【注意】

contain侧重于所含有的数量或成分;include侧重于范围,是整体和部分的关系。常使用“including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included”的结构。3.classify

vt.将……分类;把……归入一类(sort)→classifiedadj.分类的;机密的

→classificationn.归类,分级,分类【经典造句】

Thegovernmentadvocatesclassifyingrubbishintofourcategories:recyclablewaste,unrecyclablewaste,harmfulwasteandotherwaste.政府提倡将垃圾分为四类:可回收垃圾、不可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾。o... 把……分为……classifysb/sthassth 把……划分为/界定为……4.opposed

adj.与某事物相反(contrary);反对某事物,不赞成某事物(supportive)→opposevt.反对;抵制→oppositeadj.对面的;相反的n.对立面

prep.在……对面→oppositionn.反对,反抗【经典造句】

Istronglyopposed

David/David’s

giving

upthecross-countryrun.Heclosedhiseyestightly,ponderingonmyopposition.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)我强烈反对大卫放弃越野跑。他紧紧地闭上眼睛,思索着我的反对。Withthenationopposingwastingfood,anactivityhasbeenlaunchedtocallonusstudentstosavefood.由于全国反对浪费食物,一项活动已经启动,呼吁我们学生节约食物。beopposedto(doing)sth 反对(做)某事oppose(doing)sth 反对(做)某事opposesb/sb’sdoingsth 反对某人做某事【注意】

(1)表示“反对;不同意”的短语还有:disagree

with,

object

to,

be

against等。(2)表示“赞成;同意”的短语有:agree

with/to,

be

for,

be

in

support

of等。5.bury

v.埋葬,安葬;埋藏;覆盖;掩盖;使沉浸;使专心(absorb)【经典造句】

Thegirlwassittingthere,

burying

her

face

in

her

hands.这个女孩坐在那里,双手捂着脸。bury...in... 把……埋到……;使……沉浸于……buryoneselfin(doing)...

埋头于/专心于……beburiedin

专心于buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面6.suspect

n.(犯罪)嫌疑人,可疑分子

v.疑有,觉得;怀疑(doubt)→suspicionn.怀疑;

疑心→suspiciousadj.怀疑的;可疑的【经典造句】

Suspected

to

be/asaspy,thestrangerisbeingquestionedbythepolice.那个陌生人被怀疑是间谍,正在接受警方的审问。suspectsbof(doing)sth 怀疑某人(做)某事suspectsbtobe/as...

怀疑某人是……besuspiciousof/about... 对……怀疑【注意】

与suspect

sb

of

sth

结构相同的短语还有:inform

sb

of

sth通知某人某事;remind

sb

of

sth提醒某人某事;rob

sb

of

sth抢劫某人某物;accuse

sb

of

sth控告某人某事;warn

sb

of

sth警告某人某事。7.get

through用完,耗尽;接通;(设法)处理;完成;度过,熬过【经典造句】

Asmilecanhelpusget

throughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在陌生人中找到朋友。geton/along(well)with...

……进展状况/相处关系状况/身体状况(良好)getdown 下来,记下,写下getover

越过,克服getdownto(doing)sth开始认真处理/对待某事①Theideaofcloningextinctlifeformsstillbelongstosciencefiction.

②Everymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclonenotinfeaturesbutinfootsteps.

③Acloneisidenticalwiththeoriginalanimalorplant.

clonevt.克隆,使无性繁殖n.复制品;翻版n.克隆动物或植物,无性繁殖的个体同一个单词的不同汉语意思①Adultsareportrayedaloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)

②Pollutionposesathreattotheexistenceofthisspecies.

③WhenIfinallyposedthequestion,“Why?”hemerelyshrugged.

④Beforegoingintotheirmeeting,thesixforeignministersposedforphotographs.

posen.姿势;姿态vt.造成;引起;产生vt.提出vi.摆姿势containSeeingthebox①containingadaughter’sloveforfather,thefatherdidn’t

②containhisexcitementandkissedthelittlegirlonthecheek.

①vt.包含②vt.抑制(感情)1.句型公式:the+序数词+n.+to

do...课本原句:They

were

the

first-ever

primates

(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)

to

have

been

cloned!

它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长目动物(哺乳动物的一目,包括猿、猴子和人类)!【经典造句】

ThoughDavidwasthe

last

participant

to

crossthefinishingline,hewasnotdepressedandinstead,hisfacelitupwithvictory.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)虽然大卫是最后一个越过终点线的参与者,但他并不沮丧,相反,他的脸上绽放出胜利的光芒。重点句型讲解(1)本句中不定式短语tohavebeencloned作后置定语,修饰thefirst-everprimates。(2)英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况:被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。不定代词something、nothing、little等后常用不定式作定语。抽象名词time、way、reason、chance、ability、courage、opportunity、wish等后常用不定式作定语。被修饰词前有theonly、thevery、thenext等词时。2.句型公式:sb/sth

be+过去分词+to

do...课本原句:Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months,theSpanishFluis

believed

to

have

beenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory.在18个月内造成5000万人死亡之后,西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。【经典造句】

He

is

acknowledged

to

beoneoftheworld’sgreatestphysicists.他被公认为是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。句中的“sb/sthbe+过去分词+todo...”可与“Itis+过去分词+that...”这个句型相互转换,根据具体情况,不定式可用一般式、进行式或完成式。partthree

课时习题巩固检测

完形填空Althoughmanyover-processedfoodscansatisfythedesireforsweet,fattyandsaltyfoods,researchsuggeststheseitemsareparticularlybadfortheheartandbrain,withmoodandcognitiontakingahit.Themostrecentresearchlookingatthe

1

ofover-processedfoodsfoundthemostfar-reachingresults.Researchers

2

directlinksbetweenhigherconsumptionofover-processedfoodsandagreaterriskofmanyhealthissues.

(

)1.A.recipe B.flavour

C.preparation D.impactD【解析】

根据第一段内容可知,尽管许多过度加工的食物可以满足人们对甜食,高脂肪、高盐食物的渴望,但研究表明这些食物对心脏和大脑尤其有害,情绪和认知也会受到影响。此处指对过度加工食品的影响(impact)的研究,故选D。(

)2.A.promoted B.identified

C.evaluated D.dismissedB【解析】

根据上文“Themostrecentresearchlookingatthe

ofover-processedfoodsfoundthemostfar-reachingresults.”可知,研究者研究了过度加工食物的影响,故此处指确认了(identified)过度加工食品的高消耗和许多健康问题的高风险之间存在直接联系,故选B。

Theseresultsare

3

earlierstudies.Dietshighinthesefoodswerelinkedtoagreaterriskofdepressionandanxiety,accordingtoananalysispublishedinajournal.Inoneofthesestudies,riskrosefrom

4

just33percentofcaloriesfromover-processedfoods.Aseparatestudyfoundthattakinginjust20percentofcaloriesfromthesefoodswaslinkedtoa28percentfasterrateofcognitive

5

comparedwithpeoplewhoatelessover-processedfoods.

(

)3.A.contraryto B.consistentwith

C.concernedabout D.dependentonB【解析】

根据下文“Dietshighinthesefoodswerelinkedtoagreaterriskofdepressionandanxiety,accordingtoananalysispublishedinajournal.”可知,发表在一本期刊上的一项分析表明,富含这些食物的饮食与更大的患抑郁和焦虑风险有关,说明这些结果与早期的研究一致(consistentwith),故选B。(

)4.A.consuming B.calculating

C.reducing D.burningA【解析】

根据下文“just33percentofcaloriesfromover-processedfoods”可知,此处指从过度加工的食物中摄入(consuming)33%的热量就会增加患病风险,故选A。(

)5.A.improvement B.advantage

C.quality D.declineD【解析】

根据第一段内容可知,尽管许多过度加工的食物可以满足人们对甜食,高脂肪、高盐食物的渴望,但研究表明这些食物对心脏和大脑尤其有害,情绪和认知也会受到影响,故说明从这些食物中仅摄入20%热量的人的认知能力的下降(decline)速度要比少吃过度加工的食物的人快28%,故选D。Also

6

isthatastudytrackingabouthalfamillionpeoplelivinginEngland,Scotland,andWalesfoundthattheriskofdementia(痴呆)wentupby25percentforevery10percentincreaseinover-processedfoods.Whiletheexactcause-and-effectrelationshipisstillunknown,thestrongestevidencefromprospectivestudies

7

theideathateatinghighamountsofover-processedfoodsincreasestheriskofdepressioninthefuture.

(

)6.A.reassuring B.contradictory

C.alarming D.sustainableC【解析】

根据下文“theriskofdementia(痴呆)wentupby25percentforevery10percentincreaseinover-processedfoods”可知,消耗的过度加工的食品每增加10%,患痴呆的风险就会增加25%,这是令人惊恐的(alarming),故选C。(

)7.A.goesagainst B.castsdoubton

C.leanstowards D.putsforwardC【解析】

根据下文“theideathateatinghighamountsofover-processedfoodsincreasestheriskofdepressioninthefuture”可知,前瞻性研究的最有力证据倾向于(leanstowards)这样一种观点,即食用大量过度加工的食品会增加未来患抑郁症的风险,故选C。ItiscommonknowledgethateatingtoomuchsaltorsugarislinkedtohighbloodpressureandType2diabetes.Whatthepublicmaynotappreciate,

8

,isthatalltheseconditionsaffectthebrainbyraisingtheriskfordementia.

9

suchascertainartificialsweetenersmayalsodisturbtheproductionandreleaseofbrainchemicals,suchasdopamine,whichcannegativelyaffectmentalandemotional

10

.

(

)8.A.however B.therefore

C.bychance D.forinstanceA【解析】

根据上文“ItiscommonknowledgethateatingtoomuchsaltorsugarislinkedtohighbloodpressureandType2diabetes.”和设空处所在句可知,前后句之间是转折关系:众所周知,吃太多盐或糖与高血压和二型糖尿病有关,然而(however)公众可能不知道的是,所有这些情况都会通过增加患痴呆的风险来影响大脑,故选A。(

)9.A.Decorations B.Additives

C.Options D.ContributorsB【解析】

根据下文“suchascertainartificialsweeteners”可知,人工甜味剂是一种添加剂(Additives),故选B。(

)10.A.problem B.capacity

C.outburst D.well-beingD【解析】

根据上文“

suchascertainartificialsweetenersmayalsodisturbtheproductionandreleaseofbrainchemicals”可知,某些人工甜味剂等添加剂也可能干扰大脑化学物质(如多巴胺)的产生和释放,从而对精神和情绪健康(well-being)产生负面影响,故选D。

Anotherproblemwithover-processedfoodsisthattheymightbeaddictive.Over-processedfoodshavemoreincommonwith

11

thanfoodsbyMotherNature.Humanshaveevolvedtorespondtofoodsthataresweet,fatty,andhighincalories.Formostofhumanexistence,thishelpedus

12

.Butinnature,foodsare

13

modestlyhighinsugar—likeberries—orhighinfat,likenuts.Youdon’tfindfoodshighinbothsugarandfat.That’sadistinctive

14

ofover-processedfoods.Addinsalt,artificialflavouringsandbrightcolours,andourbrainssimply

15

thesefoods.

(

)11.A.appetizers B.cigarettes

C.desserts D.snacksB【解析】

根据上文“Anotherproblemwithover-processedfoodsisthattheymightbeaddictive.”可知,过度加工的食品的另一个问题是它们可能会让人上瘾,说明它们和香烟(cigarettes)一样让人上瘾,故选B。(

)12.A.survive B.emerge

C.venture D.matureA【解析】

根据上文“Humanshaveevolvedtorespondtofoodsthataresweet,fatty,andhighincalories.”可知,人类已经进化到对甜食、高脂肪和高热量的食物做出反应,说明在人类存在的大部分时间里,这帮助我们生存(survive)下来,故选A。(

)13.A.still B.barely

C.only D.ratherC【解析】

根据下文“modestlyhighinsugar—likeberries—orhighinfat,likenuts”可知,但是在自然界中,仅仅(only)只有浆果的含糖量略高,坚果的脂肪含量略高,没有两者都高的,故选C。(

)14.A.nutrition B.taste

C.dish D.characteristicD【解析】

根据上文“Youdon’tfindfoodshighinbothsugarandfat.”可知,你不会在自然界中发现同时含有高糖和高脂肪的食物,说明这是过度加工的食品的一个显著特点(characteristic),故选D。(

)15.B【解析】

根据上文“Addinsalt,artificialflavouringsandbrightcolours”可知,加上盐、人工调味品和鲜艳的颜色,我们的大脑就会被这些食物所吸引,失去对这些食物的控制(losecontrolover),故选B。A.gaininsightinto B.losecontroloverC.showconcernfor D.getholdof语法填空(2025·八省联考)In2010,theUNDepartmentofGlobalCommunicationsinstitutedlanguagedaysforeachoftheorganization’ssixofficiallanguages.Thegoalwastwo-fold:1.

(celebrate)culturaldiversityaswellastopromotetheequaluseofallsix2.

(tongue).

tocelebratetongues1.【解析】

考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语为was,空处为非谓语动词,应用动词不定式作目的状语,与topromote并列。故填tocelebrate。2.【解析】

考查名词复数。根据空前的“allsix”可知,空处应用tongue(语言)的复数形式。故填tongues。Languageisthecarrierofcommunication,thebridgeofinteractionbetweennations,3.

thebondofunderstandingamongcivilizations.Atthesametime,alanguageanditsindividual4.

(write)formsmakeupthe“soul”ofanation’sculturaltradition.Everylanguageisworthyofrespectandshould5.

(treat)equally.

TheUNChineseLanguageDay