上海中医药大学《大学英语精读》2025-2026学年期末试卷

上海中医药大学《大学英语精读》2025-2026学年期末试卷一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）

1.Theterm"culturalrelativism"ismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingphilosophicalideas?

A.Thebeliefthatallculturesareinherentlysuperiortoothers.

B.Theideathatculturalnormsandvaluesarerelativetotheindividual'sperspective.

C.Theassertionthatculturalpracticesshouldbestandardizedglobally.

D.Theconceptthatculturaldiversityisathreattoglobalunity.

2.Inthecontextofanthropologicalstudies,whatdoestheterm"etic"referto?

A.Thestudyofculturalpracticesfromanexternal,objectiveperspective.

B.Theanalysisofculturalphenomenathroughthelensofone'sownculture.

C.Theexaminationofculturaltraditionswithintheirownsocialcontext.

D.Thedocumentationofculturalritualsforhistoricalpurposes.

3.AccordingtoMarxisttheory,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheconceptof"classconsciousness"?

A.Theawarenessofsocialclassdifferencesamongindividualswithinasociety.

B.Thebeliefthateconomicsystemsareinherentlyflawedandshouldbereplaced.

C.Theideathatallsocialclassesshouldbetreatedequallyunderthelaw.

D.Thepromotionofclass-basedsolidaritytoachieverevolutionarychange.

4.Theterm"postmodernism"isoftenassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingcriticalperspectives?

A.Theemphasisonindividualismandpersonalfreedominsocialtheory.

B.Therejectionofgrandnarrativesandtheassertionofmultipletruths.

C.Thebeliefthatallknowledgeissociallyconstructedandsubjective.

D.Thefocusontraditionalvaluesandtherestorationofsocietalnorms.

5.Infeministtheory,whatdoestheconceptof"intersectionality"primarilyaddress?

A.Theideathatgenderisthesoledeterminantofsocialinequality.

B.Theexaminationofhowgenderintersectswithothersocialcategoriestocreateuniqueexperiencesofoppression.

C.Thepromotionofgenderequalitythroughlegalandpolicyreforms.

D.Theassertionthatwomen'sissuesaremoreimportantthanmen'sissues.

6.Theterm"hegemony"asusedincriticaltheoryreferstowhichofthefollowing?

A.Thedominanceofonecultureoveranotherthroughculturalimperialism.

B.Theprocessbywhicharulingclassmaintainsitspowerthroughideologicalcontrol.

C.Theformationofalliancesbetweendifferentsocialgroups.

D.Theuseofforcetosubjugateopposinggroups.

7.Inthestudyofsocialmovements,whatdoestheterm"collectiveidentity"referto?

A.Thesharedsenseofbelongingamongmembersofasocialgroup.

B.Theindividual'spersonalidentityshapedbysocialinteractions.

C.Theformationofsocialgroupsbasedonsharedinterests.

D.Thehierarchicalstructureofsocialmovements.

8.Theconceptof"socialconstructionism"ismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingideas?

A.Thebeliefthatsocialrealitiesarefixedandunchanging.

B.Theideathatsocialphenomenaareconstructedthroughsocialinteraction.

C.Theassertionthatsocialinstitutionsarebasedonuniversaltruths.

D.Theexaminationofsocialphenomenathroughbiologicaldeterminism.

9.Inthecontextofpoliticaltheory,whatdoestheterm"democracy"bestdescribe?

A.Theruleofasingleauthorityfigurewithabsolutepower.

B.Theparticipationofcitizensinthepoliticalprocessthroughvotingandrepresentation.

C.Theenforcementoflawsbyacentralizedmilitaryforce.

D.Theestablishmentofatotalitarianstatewithstrictsocialcontrol.

10.Theterm"globalization"isoftenassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingeconomicprocesses?

A.Thereductionoftradebarriersbetweennationstopromoteinternationalcommerce.

B.Theincreaseoflocaleconomicautonomytopreserveculturaltraditions.

C.Theformationofregionaleconomicblocstoisolatecountriesfromglobalmarkets.

D.Thenationalizationofindustriestocontroleconomicresources.

二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1.Whichofthefollowingarekeyconceptsinfeministtheory?

A.PatriarchyB.SexismC.IntersectionalityD.EmpowermentE.SocialDarwinism

2.Inthestudyofsocialmovements,whichofthefollowingfactorscaninfluencetheirsuccessorfailure?

A.LeadershipB.PublicsupportC.GovernmentinterventionD.ResourceavailabilityE.Culturalnorms

3.Theterm"hegemony"asusedincriticaltheorycanrefertowhichofthefollowing?

A.ThedominanceofonecultureoveranotherB.ThemaintenanceofpowerthroughideologicalcontrolC.TheformationofalliancesbetweendifferentsocialgroupsD.TheuseofforcetosubjugateopposinggroupsE.Theprocessofculturalassimilation

4.Inthecontextofpoliticaltheory,whichofthefollowingbestdescribetheconceptof"democracy"?

A.CitizenparticipationB.MajorityruleC.ProtectionofminorityrightsD.RulebyasingleauthorityfigureE.Politicalequality

5.Whichofthefollowingaremajorprocessesassociatedwithglobalization?

A.InternationaltradeB.CulturalexchangeC.MigrationD.EconomicintegrationE.Politicalisolation

三、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）

1.Explaintheconceptof"culturalrelativism"anditsimplicationsforanthropologicalstudies.

2.DescribethemaindifferencesbetweenMarxistandfeministtheoriesintermsoftheiranalysisofsocialinequality.

3.Discusstheroleof"collectiveidentity"intheformationandmaintenanceofsocialmovements.

4.Explaintheconceptof"socialconstructionism"andprovideanexampleofhowasocialphenomenonisconstructedthroughsocialinteraction.

四、材料分析题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）

材料一：

Inrecentyears,theconceptof"intersectionality"hasgainedsignificantattentioninfeministtheory.Thistermreferstothewaysinwhichvarioussocialcategoriessuchasrace,gender,class,andsexualityintersecttocreateuniqueexperiencesofoppression.Forexample,aBlackwomanmayfacediscriminationnotonlyasawomanbutalsoasamemberofaracialminority.Thisintersectionalapproachchallengestraditionalfeministtheoriesthatoftenfocussolelyongenderastheprimarydeterminantofsocialinequality.Byrecognizingthecomplexityofsocialidentities,intersectionalityprovidesamorenuancedunderstandingofhowdifferentformsofoppressionareinterconnected.

材料二：

Thestudyofsocialmovementshasrevealedtheimportanceof"collectiveidentity"intheirformationandmaintenance.Collectiveidentityreferstothesharedsenseofbelongingamongmembersofasocialgroup,whichisoftenbasedonsharedinterests,values,andexperiences.Forinstance,environmentalactivistsmaydevelopastrongcollectiveidentitythroughtheirsharedcommitmenttoprotectingtheenvironment.Thiscollectiveidentitycanfostersolidarity,cooperation,andasenseofpurposeamongmembers,whichareessentialforthesuccessofsocialmovements.However,itcanalsoleadtoexclusionarypractices,wherethosewhodonotsharethesameidentityaremarginalizedorignored.

1.Analyzehowtheconceptof"intersectionality"contributestoamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofsocialinequalityinfeministtheory.

2.Discusstheroleof"collectiveidentity"intheformationandmaintenanceofsocialmovements,anditspotentiallimitations.

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分）

材料一：

Globalizationhashadprofoundeffectsonbotheconomicandculturalaspectsofsocietiesaroundtheworld.Ontheonehand,ithasfacilitatedinternationaltradeandeconomicintegration,leadingtoincreasedprosperityforsomecountries.Ontheotherhand,ithasalsocontributedtoeconomicinequalityandtheerosionoflocalcultures.Forexample,thedominanceofmultinationalcorporationshasledtothedisplacementoflocalbusinessesandthehomogenizationofculturalpractices.Thishascreatedatensionbetweenthebenefitsofglobalizationanditsnegativeconsequences,raisingimportantquestionsabouthowtomanageglobaleconomicandculturalinteractions.

材料二：

Theconceptof"hegemony"hasbeencentraltocriticaltheory,particularlyintheworkofAnton