大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷623

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷623

一、词汇理解(本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。)

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifference

betweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentrated

[Cl]on(heefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasive

salesmanship"tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandselling

focusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthen[C2]theminto

money.Marketing,ontheotherhand.[C3]thatemphasisisplacedonthe

wantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithanalyzingthe[C4]anddemandsof

consumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer

[C5]isknownasthemarketingconcept.Itsimplymeansthatinsteadof

tryingtosellwhateveriseasiertoproduce,themakersfirsttrytofindoutwhatthe

consumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingit[C6]forpurchase.Every

step~design,production,[C7],promotion—ismadeaccordingtoconsumer

demand.Thisconceptdocsnotmeanthatconsumersatisfactionis[C8]to

profitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinessactivity—thefirmand

theconsumer-andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetrade[C9].Successful

merchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestmutetoprofitisthrough

understandingcustomers.WhenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrinkinmid-1985,

(henon-acceptancebya[CIO]portionofthepublicbroughtaboutaquick

restorationoftheClassicCoke.Thisisagoodexampleoftheimportanceofsatisfying

consumers.A)approachF)distributionK)preferencesB)automaticallyG)impliesL)

primarilyC)availableH)obligationM)priorD)contributionI)occursN)qualifyE)

convertJ)overallO)significant

1、(Cl]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：副词辨析题。本句主谓宾完整，可判定空格处应填入一个副词。根据

句意可知，早些年的销售都是依靠说服消费者来买东西，主要是重生产，所以选L

项primarily。

2、[C2]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，空格前是并列连词and,故此处需

要填入动词原形，与produce并列，并且能够与into搭配。根据句意，这样的生产

与销售关注的是销售者生产商品并将商品资金的需求，convertsth.into

sth.表示“将...转换成....”，所以选E项converto

3、[C3]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，故此处需要填入一

个动词。根据下文提到的“Itsimplymeans…”可以推测出，此处也是对主语

marketing进行解释，所以选G项implies。

4、[C4]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此处应填入一个名词。根据空格后

的demandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem（消费者的需

求，以便于生产使他们满意的商品）可知，此处应该是指消费者的喜好，故选K项

preferenceso

5、[C5]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此句缺少主语，且空格前是一个复

合名词作定语。由空格后提到的themarketingconcept可知，所填词应该是对其做

出的解释，所以选A项approacho

6、[C6]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此处需要填入一个形容词作宾语

补足语。根据空格前提到的“营销就是分析消费者的喜好和需求，然后进行生产，

以满足消费者需求”可以推断出，此处是指商品可供消费者购买，应选C项

availableo

7、[C7]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：名词辨析题。由空格前后可推断此处应填入一个名词。根据句意得

知，所填词语应是营销的一个环节，distribution意为“分配，配送“，所以选F。

8、[C8]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。空格位于is之后，可以判定应填入一个形容词。根

据下文提到的eachmustbesalisfied（双方都要满意才行）可以看出，消费者的利益并

不优先于公司利益，priorto的意思是“先于……”,所以选M。

9、[C9]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：动词辨析题。此从句中trade后缺少谓语，因此应填入一个动词第三

人称单数。由句意可推断出，此处表示在交易发生之前双方都要满意，因此选I项

Occurso

10、[CIO]

标准答案：O

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此处需填入一个形容词。根据空

格后的aquickrestorationoftheClassicCoke可以推测，应该是有许多人反对，否则

不会恢复到原来的口味，asignificantportionof意为“许多，大量”，所以选O“

二、长篇阅读(本题共70题，每题L0分，共70分。)

Climatechangemaybereal,butit'sstillnoteasybeinggreenHowdoweconvinceour

innercavemantobegreener?Weasksomeoutstandingsocialscientists.A)Theroadto

climatehellispavedwithourgoodintentions.Politiciansmaytacklepolluterswhile

scientistsdobattlewithcarbonemissions.Butthemostpervasiveproblemisless

obvious:ourownbehaviour.Wegetdistractedbeforewecanturndowntheheating.We

breakourpromisenottoflyafterhearingaboutaneighbour'striptoIndia.Ultimately,wc

can'thebotheredtochangeourattitude.Fortunatelyfortheplanet,socialscienceand

behaviouraleconomicsmaybeabletodothatforus.B)Despitemournfulpolarbears

andchartsshowingcarbonemissionssoaring,mostpeoplefindithardtobelievethat

globalwarmingwillaffectthempersonally.RecentpollsbythePewResearchCentrein

Washington,DC,found(hat75-80percenlofparticipantsregardedclimatechangeas

animportantissue.Butrespondentsrankeditlastonalistofpriorilies.C)This

inconsistencylargelystemsfromafeelingofpowerlessness.'Whenwecan'tactually

removethesourceofourfear,wetendtoadaptpsychologicallybyadoptingarangeof

defencemechanisms,"saysTomCrompton,changestrategistfortheenvironmental

organisationWorldWideFundforNature.D)Partofthefaul:lieswithourinner

caveman.Evolutionhasprogrammedhumanstopaymostattentiontoissuesthatwill

haveanimmediateimpact."Weworrymostaboutnowbecauseifwedon'tsurvivefor

thenextminute,we'renotgoingtobearoundintenyears'time,"saysProfessorElke

WeberoftheCentreforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionsatColumbiaUniversityin

NewYork.IftheThameswerelappingaroundBigBen,Londonerswouldfaceuptothe

problemofemissionsprettyquickly.Butinpractice,ourbraindiscountstherisks—and

benefits—associatedwithissuesthatliesomewayahead.E)MatthewRushworth,ofthe

DepartmentofExperimentalPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,seesthisinhislab

everyday."Oneof(hewaysinwhichallagentsseemtomakedecisionsis(hatthey

assignalowerweightingtooutcomesthataregoingtobefurtherawayinthefuture,"he

says."Thisisaverysensiblewayforananimal(omakedecisionsinthewikiandwould

havebeenveryhelpfulforhumansforthousandsofyears."F)Notanylonger.Bythe

timewewakeuptothethreatposedbyclimatechange,itcouldwellbetoolate.Andif

we'renotgoingtomakerationaldecisionsaboutthefuture,othersmayhavetohelpusto

doso.G)FewpoliticallibrariesarewithoutacopyofNudge-.ImprovingDecisions

AboutHealth,WealthandHappiness,byRichardThalerandCassSunstcin.Theyargue

thatgovernmentsshouldpersuadeusintomakingbetterdecisions—suchassavingmore

inourpensionplans—bychanging(hedefaultoptions.ProfessorWeberbelievesthat

environmentalpolicycanmakeuseofsimilartactics.If,forexample,buildingcodes

includedgreenconstructionguidelines,mostdeveloperswouldbetoolazytochallenge

them.H)Defaultsarccertainlypartofthesolution.Butsocialscientistsarcmost

concernedaboutcraftingmessages(hatexploitourgroupmentality(心态).”Weneedto

understandwhatmotivatespeople,whatitisthatallowsthemtomakechange,"says

ProfessorNeilAdger,oftheTyndallCentreforClimateChangeResearchinNorwich."It

isactuallyaboutwhattheirpeersthinkofthem,whattheirsocialnormsare,whatisseen

asdesirableinsociety."Inotherwords,ourinnercavemaniscontinuallylookingoverhis

shouldertoseewhattherestofthetribearcupto.I)Thepassiveattitudewchaveto

climatechangeasindividualscanbealteredbycountingusin-andmeasuringus

against-ourpeergroup."Socialnormsarcprimitiveandelemental,"saysDr.Robert

Cialdini,authorofInfluence-.ThePsychologyofPersuasion."Birdsflocktogether,fish

schooltogether,cattleherdtogether...justperceivingnormsisenoughtocausepeopleto

adjust(heirbehaviourinthecirectionofthecrowd."J)Thesenormscantakeusbeyond

goodintentions.CialdiniconductedastudyinSanDiegoinwhichcoathangersbearing

messagesaboutsavingenergywerehungonpeople'sdoors.Someofthemessages

mentioned(heenvironment,somefinancialsavings,otherssocialresponsibility.Butit

wastheonesthatmentionedtheactionsofneighboursthatdrovedownpoweruse.K)

Otherstudiesshowthatsimplyprovidingthefacilityforpeopletocomparetheirenergy

usewiththelocalaverageisenoughtocausethemtomodifytheirbehaviour.The

Conservativesplantoadoptthisstrategybymakingutilitycompaniesprinttheaverage

localelectricityandgasusageonpeople'sbills.L)Socialsciencecanalsoteach

politicianshowtoavoidourcollectivecapacityforself-destructivebehaviour.

Environmentalcampaigns(hattellushowmanypeopledriveSUVsunwittingly(不经意

地)implythatthisbehaviouriswidespreadandthuspermissible.Cialdinirecommends

somecarefulframingofthemessage."Insteadofnormalisingtheundesirablebehaviour,

(hemessageneedstomarginaliseit,forexample,bystatingthatifevenonepersonbuys

yelanotherSUV,itreducesourabilitytobeenergy-independsnt."M)Tappingintohow

wealreadyseeourselvesiscrucial.Themostsuccessfulenviinnmentalstrategywill

marry(hegreenmessagetoourownsenseofidentity.Takeyouraveragetradeunion

member,chancesaretheywillbepoliticallymotivatedandbeusedtocollectiveaction一

muchlikeEricaGregory.AretiredmemberofthePublicandCommercialServices

Union,sheissettinguponeof1100actiongroupswiththesupportofClimate

Solidarity,atwo-yearenvironmentalcampaignaimedattradeunionists.N)Ericaisproof

thatagreat-grandmothercanhelptoleadtherevolutionifyougetthepsychologyright

inthiscase,bymatchingherenthusiasmfortheenvironmentwithafondnessfor

organisinggroups."Ithinkit'saterrificidea,"shesaysofthecampaign."Theunion

hackingitmakesmembersthinktheremustbesomethinginit."Sheisexpectingupto

20peopleatthefirstmeetingshehascalled,atherlocalpubintheCornishvillageof

Polpcrro.O)NickPerks,projectdirectorforClimateSolidarity,believesthissortof

activityiswherethefutureofenvironmentalactionlies."Usingexistingcivilsociety

structuresornetworksisamoreeffectivewayofcreatingchange...andobviouslytrade

unionsareoneof(hebiggestcivilsocietynetworksintheUK,"hesays.The"Love

Food,HateWaste"campaignenteredintoacollaborationlastyearwithanothersuch

network—theWomen'sInstitute.LondonerRachelTaylorjoinedthecampaignwiththe

aimofmakingnewfriends.Ayearon,themeetingshavemadelastingchangestowhat

shethrowsawayinherkitchen."It'salwaysmoreofanincentiveifyou'redoingitwith

otherpeople,"shesays."Itmotivatesyoumoreifyouknowthatyou'vegottoprovide

feedbacktoagroup."P)Thepowerofsuchsimplepsychologyinfightingclimate

changeisattractingattentionacrossthepoliticalestablishment.IntheUS,theHouseof

RepresentativesScienceCommitteehasapprovedabillallocating$10millionayearto

studyingenergy-relatedbehaviour.IntheUK,newstudiesareindevelopmentandsocial

scientistsareregularlyspoiledinBritishgovernmentoffices.With(hehelpof

psychologists,(hereisfreshhopethatwemightgogreenafterall.

11、Whenpeoplefindtheyarepowerlesstochangeasituation,theytendtolivewithit.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题干中的powerless定位到C段。同义转述题。C段第一句提到，

这一-矛盾在很大程度上是源于一种无力感。当无法消除恐惧的根源时，我们往往会

采取一些防御机制从心理上适应这一情况。题干中的powerless对应原文中的a

feelingofpowerlessness；livewithit对应原文中的adaptpsychologically,故答案为

Co

12、Tobeeffective,environmentalmessagesshouldbecarefullyframed.

标准答案：L

知识点解析：由题干中的environmentalmessages定位至ljL段第三句。同义转述

题。L段提到，西奥迪尼建议，在传达这种与环保有关的信息时应特别注意措辞。

题「中的carefullyframed为［应原文中的carefulframing,故答案为L。

13、Itisthegovernment'sresponsibilitytopersuadepeopleintomakingenvironment­

friendlydecisions.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：由题干中的government'sresponsibility和persuadepeople定位到G段

第二至三句。细节归纳题。G段提到，政府应该劝说人们做出更好的决策，比如存

更多的养老金。韦伯教授认为环境政策可以采用类似的策略。由此可知，政府有责

任劝说公民做出有利于环保的决策。题干是对定位部分的概括，故答案为G。

14、Politiciansarebeginningtorealisetheimportanceofenlistingpsychologists'helpin

fightingclimatechange.

标准答案：P

知识点解析:由题干中的psychologists'help和fightingclimatechange定位到P段

第一句和最后一句。细节归纳题。P段提到，当前政治界正欲将这种简单的心理学

策略应用于应时气候变化之中。该段最后一句又指出，在心理学家的协助下，我们

对于绿色前景燃起了新的希望。题干中的politiciansarebeginningtorealisethe

importanceof对应原文中的attractingattentionacrossthepoliticalestablishment；

enlistingpsychologists,help对应原文中的withthehelpofpsychologists,故答案为

Po

15、Tofindeffectivesolutions(oclimatechange,itisnecessarytounderstandwhat

motivatespeopletomakechange.

标准答案：H

知识点解析：由题干中的whatmotivatespeopletomakechange定位到H段第三

句,同义转述题。H段提到，尼尔.艾格教授指出“我们要知道什么能激励人们，什

么能让他们做出改变。“题干中的whatmotivatespeopletomakechange对应原文中

的whatmotivatespeoplewhatitisthatallowsthemtomakechange»故答案为Ho

16、Overthecourseofevolution,humanshavelearnedtopayattentiontothemost

urgentissuesinsteadoflong-:ermconcerns.

标准答案：D

知以点解析：由题干中的evolution>humans以及themosturgentissues定位到D段

第二句。同义转述题。D段第二句提到，人类的进化使我们本能地最先关注会给我

们带来直接影响的问题。题干中的ihcmosturgentissues对应原文中的issuesthat

willhaveanimmediateimpact,故答案为D。

17、Onestudyshowsthatourneighbours'actionsareinfluentialinchangingour

behaviour.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：由题干中的neighbours'actions定位到J段最后一句。同义转述题。J

段提到，西奥迪尼在圣地亚哥做过一项研究，在该实验中只有提到邻居行为的那些

信息才降低了能源使用量，真正起到了作用。由此可知，该项实验证明，邻居的行

为对于我们自身行为的改变有影响。题干中的ourneighbours'actions对应原文中的

theactionsofneighbours；influentialmchangingourbehaviour对应原文中的drove

downpoweruse,故答案为J。

18、Despiteclearsignsofglobalwarming,itisnoteasyformostpeopletobelieve

climatechangewillaffecttheirownlives.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干中的globalwarmingsmostpeople和believe定位至I」B段第一

句。同义转述题。B段提到，尽管北极熊的哀鸣以及表格中的数据不断提醒我们急

剧飙升的碳排放量，但大多数人仍无法相信全球变暖会对他们本人造成影响。题干

中的clearsignsofglobalwarming对应原文中的mournfulpolarbearsandcharts

showingcarbonemissionssoaring；noteasy对应原文中的hard,故答案为B。

19、Weshouldtakeourfutureintoconsiderationinmakingdecisionsconcerning

climatechangebeforeitistoolate.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：由题干中的makingdecisions和toolate定位到F段。细节归纳题。F

段提到，当我们意识到气候变化的威胁时，可能为时已晚。如果我们不能为未来做

出理智的决策，那么其他人就不得不替我们完成这个决定。由此可知，我们在做与

气候变化有关的决策时应考虑未来。题干是对定位段的概括，故答案为F。

20Existingsocialnetworkscanbemoreeffectiveincreatingchangeinpeople's

behaviour.

标准答窠：O

知识点解析：由题干中的socialnetworks和creatingchan即定位到O段第二句。同

义转述题。。段提到，尼克•帕克斯指出，使用现有的民间社会机构或网络能够更

有效地创造变化……显然英国工会是最大的民间社会网络之一。题干中的carlbe

moreeffective对应原文中的isamoreeffectiveway,故答案为0。

三、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题分，共70分。)

"There'sanoldsayinginthespaceworld;amateurstalkabouttechnology,professionals

talkaboutinsurance."InaninterviewlastyearwithTheEconomist,GeorgeWhitesides,

chiefexecutiveofspace-tourismfirmVirginGalactic,wasplacinghiscompanyinthe

lattercategory.ButinsurancewillbecoldcomfortfollowingthefailureonOctober31st

ofVSSEnterprise,resultinginthedeathofonepilotandthesevereinjurytoanother.On

(opofthetragiclossoflife,theaccidentinCaliforniawillcastalongshadowoverthe

futureofspacetourism,evenbeforeithasproperlybegun.Thenotionofspacetourism

tookholdin2001witha$20millionflightaboardaRussianspacecraftbyDennisTito,a

millionaireengineerwithanadventurousstreak.Justhalfadozenholiday-makershave

reachedorbitsincethen,forsimilarlyastronomicalpricetags.Butmorerecently,

companieshavebeguntoplanmoreaffordable"suborbital"flights—brieferventuresjust

totheedgeofspace'svastdarkness.VirginGalactichad,priortothisweek'saccident,

seemedclosesttostartingregularflights.Thecompanyhasalreadytakendepositsfrom

around800would-bespacetourists,includingStephenHawking.Afterbeingdoggedby

technicaldelaysforyears.SirRichardBranson,VirginGalactic'sfounder,hadrecently

suggestedthataSpaccShipTwocraftwouldcarryitsfirstpayingcustomersassoonas

February2015.Thatnowseemsanimpossibletimeline.InJuly,asistercraftofthe

crashedspaceplanewasreportedtobeabouthalf-finished.Theotherhalfwillhaveto

wait,asauthoritiesofAmerica'sFederalAviationAdministrauon(FAA)andNational

TransportationSafelyBoardworkoutwhatwentwrong.Inthemeantime,theentire

spacetourismindustrywillbeontenterhooks(坐立不安).The2004CommercialSpace

LaunchAmendmentsAct,intendedtoencourageprivatespacevehiclesandservices,

prohibitsthetransportationsecretary(andtherebythe卜AA)froniregulatingthedesignor

operationofprivatespacecraft,unlesstheyhaveresultedinaseriousorfatalinjuryto

creworpassengers.ThatmeansthattheFAAcouldsuspendVirginGalactic'slicence(o

fly.1(couldalsoinsistoncheckingprivatemannedspacecraftasthoroughlyasi(does

commercialaircraft.Whilethatmaymakesuborbitaltravelsafer,itwouldaddsignificanl

costandcomplexity(oanemergingindustrythathasuntilnowoperatedlargelyasthe

playgroundofbillionairesanddreamyengineers.HowVirginGalactic,regulatorsand(he

publicrespondtothismostrecenttragedywilldeterminewhetherandhowsoonprivate

spacetravelcantranscendthatplayground.Thereisnodoubtthatspaceflightentails

risks,andtopioneeranewmodeoftravelistofacethoserisks,andtoreducethemwith

thebenefitofhard-wonexperience.

21、WhaiissaidaboutihefailureofVSSEnterprise?

A^ItmayleadtothebankruptcyofVirginGalactic.

B、Ithasastrongnegativeimpactonspacetourism.

C、Itmaydiscouragerichpeoplefromspacetravel.

D、Ithasarousedpublicattentiontosafetyissues.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干中的failure和VSSEnterprise定位到文章首段最后一句和第二

段。细节辨认题。文章首段最后一句指出，在10月31□,进取号维珍太空船的坠

毁导致了两名飞行员一死一重伤，然后第二段整段都在介绍此次坠毁事件所带来的

影响，除了造成人员的惨痛伤亡，还令太空旅行的前景长期笼罩在阴影之下。由此

可见，进取号维珍太空船的坠毁对太空旅行造成了极大的负面影响，故答案为B。

22、Whatdowclearnaboutthespace-tourismfirmVirginGalactic?

A、Ithasjustbuiltacraftforcommercialflights.

B、Ithassenthalfadozenpassengersintospace.

C、Itwasaboutreadytostartregularbusiness.

D、1(is(hefirsttolaunch"suborbital"flights.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题干中的thespace-tourismfirmVirginGalactic定位到文章第三段第

四句。细节辨认题。定位句指出，在本周事故之前，维珍银河公司似乎就要后动定

期太空航班了。由此可见，维珍银河公司差不多准备好开展定期业务了，故答案为

Co

23、Whatisthepurposeofthe2004CommercialSpaceLaunchAmendmentsAct?

A^Toensurespacetravelsafety.

B、TolimittheFAA'sfunctions.

C、Tolegalizeprivatespaceexplorations.

D、Topromoteihespacetourismindustry.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干中的the2004CommercialSpaceLaur.chAmendmentsAct定位

到文章第五段第二句。推理判断题。定位句指出，2004版《商业太空发射修正

案》旨在鼓励私人太空航天器和服务的发展"由此可知，2004版《商业太空发射

修正案》是为了推动太空旅游业的发展，故答案为D。

24、WhatmighttheFAAdoaftertherecentaccidentinCalifornia?

A、Imposemorerigidsafetystandards.

B、Stopcertifyingnewspace-touristagencies.

C、Amendits2004CommercialSpaceLaunchAmendmentsAct.

D、SuspendVirginGalactic'slicencetotakepassengersintospace.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干中的FAA和ihereceniaccident定位到文章第五段第三句。细

节辨认题。定位句指出，联邦航空局可能会暂停维珍银河公司的飞行执照，故答案

为D。

25、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofprivatespacetravel?

A^Itisworthpromotingdespitetherisksinvolved.

B、Itshouldnotbeconfinedtotherichonly.

C、Itshouldbestrictlyregulated.

D、Itistooriskytocanyon.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由题干中的privatespacetravel定位到文章最后一段最后一句。观点

态度题。原文最后一句指出，航天有风险，而且开拓一种新的旅行方式不仅要面对

这些风险，还要通过来之不易的经验降低此类风险，这里新的旅行方式就是指私人

太空旅行，也就是说太空旅行尽管存在风险，但仍值得推广，故答案为A。

Whentherightpersonisholdingtherightjobattherightmoment,thatperson'sinfluence

isgreatlyexpanded.ThatisthepositioninwhichJanetYellen,whoisexpectedtobe

confirmedasthenextchairoftheFederalReserveBank(Fed)inJanuary,nowfinds

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morepeoplewonyabouttheopposite,deflation(通货紧缩)thatwouldaggravatethe

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