湖南省长沙市长沙县2023-2024学年八年级下学期期中英语试卷（解析版）

第第页湖南省长沙市长沙县2023-2024学年八年级下学期期中英语试卷一、阅读技能。第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的三个选项（A、B、C）中选出最佳选项。（满分22分）阅读理解InAmerica，therearechoresforchildrenofdifferentages.Americanpeoplethinkit'simportanttotellchildrentheirdutyinthefamily.Usethislistofagechoresforyourchildren.Ages2﹣3◆Helpmakethebed；◆Pickuptoysandbooks；◆Takelaundry（要洗的衣服）tothelaundryroom；◆Helpfeedpets.Ages4﹣5◆Clearandsetthetable；◆Helpcookdinner；◆Putawaygroceries（食品杂货）.Ages6﹣8◆Takecareofpets；◆Takeouttherubbish.Ages9﹣12◆Helpwashthecar；◆Learntowashthedishes；◆Cleanthebathroom.1．Americanpeoplethinkchildrenshoulddochoresinthefamilybecause____.A．parentsarelazyB．it'simportanttoletchildrenknowtheirdutyinthefamilyC．childrenshoulddevelopgoodhabits2．IfBobis5yearsold，hecan____A．setthetableB．washthedishesC．takeouttherubbish3．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Chinesechildren'sdutyinthefamily.B．WhatchoresAmericanchildrenofdifferentagesshoulddo.C．Whychildrenaroundtheworldshoulddochores.【答案】1．B2．A3．B【解析】【分析】文章介绍了在美国，不同年龄段的孩子有不同的家务，列举了2-12岁孩子的家务内容，强调了美国人认为让孩子知晓家庭责任的重要性。

【点评】考查阅读选择。注意对篇章的把握和对细节信息的识别判断，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。1．细节题。根据"InAmerica,therearechoresforchildrenofdifferentages.Americanpeoplethinkit'simportanttotellchildrentheirdutyinthefamily."可知，在美国，不同年龄的孩子都有家务活，美国人认为告诉孩子他们在家庭中的责任很重要。故选B。2．细节题。根据"Ages4—5"一栏中"◆Clearandsetthetable;"可知，四到五岁的孩子，可以清理餐桌和摆放餐具，即5岁的鲍勃，可以摆桌子。故选A。3．主旨大意题。根据文章可知，本文主要介绍了不同年龄的美国孩子所做的家务。故选B。阅读理解Doyoueverfeellikeyouarejustrunningfromoneactivitytoanother?Inschool，doyourushfromonesubjecttoanother?Whenthingshappensofast，itiseasytogetlostofwhatyouaredoingorlearning.Itisimportanttostopyourselfeverynowandthentothinkaboutwhatyou'vebeendoingorlearning.Self-reflection（反省）meansslowingdownandcalming（使平静）yourselfincludingcalmingyourmind.Bybeingcalmandgoingslowlyyougiveyourbrainachancetothinkaboutwhatithasalreadyreceived.Somepeopleliketodotheseself﹣reflectionsonlyintheirmind.Otherskeepadiaryorwrittennotes.Eithermethodworksdependingonyourownpersonallearning.Youcanfollowthesteptodoself﹣reflection.First，choosethepropertimetodoit.Schooltextbooksaredividedintounitsofstudy.Thismakesiteasierforsomeonetobeginselfreflection.Lookfortimewhenyoucompleteaunitofstudy.Sometimesyouknowtheunitisoverbecausethereissomekindoftest.Usethesenaturalbreakstostopanddoselfreflection.Then，findaquietplaceandtakeoutpaperoryourreflectiondiary.Writedownsomenotesonthenewthingsthatyoulearnedintheunit.Letyourmindthinkaboutthenotesyouhavewrittenandmakesomeconnections.Finally，thinkaboutthingsthatyouarenotsureof.Maybeyoulearnedanewwaytoworkoutamathproblembutyou'renotsurewhentouseit.Writingdownyourquestionswillhelpyouremembertolookforanswersthenexttimeyouareworkingwiththesametopic.Selfreflectionisimportantforasuccessfulstudent.Ifyouhavenevertakenthetimetodoselfreflectiontryitnow.4．Accordingtoparagraph2,peopleCANNOTdoself-reflectionby____.A．workingquicklyB．keepingadiaryC．thinkingtothemselves5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"complete"inparagraph3mean?A．stop B．finish C．continue6．Thestructureofthepassagecanbe____.A．①/②③④⑤/⑥B．①/②/③④⑤⑥C．①/②/③④⑤/⑥7．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Trydoingself﹣refectionnow!B．Keepyourselfbusy!C．Whyisself﹣reflectionimportant?【答案】4．A5．B6．C7．A【解析】【分析】本文介绍了在快节奏的生活和学习中，自我反省很重要，介绍了自我反省的含义、方法（包括选择合适时间、找安静地方做笔记并思考、思考不确定的内容）以及其对学生成功的重要性，并鼓励尝试自我反省。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案。4．细节理解题。根据"Bybeingcalmandgoingslowlyyougiveyourbrainachancetothinkaboutwhatithasalreadyreceived."可知，快速地工作不能使自己冷静下来自我反省。故选A。5．词义猜测题。根据"Lookfortimewhenyoucompleteaunitofstudy."可知，当你完成了单元的学习再去找时间做反思。故选B。6．篇章结构题。根据文章可知，文章第一段讲述了自我反省的重要性；文章第二段介绍了自我反省的含义且引出下文；文章第三、四、五段通过三点来介绍如何做到自我反省；文章第六段是结语，并推荐大家一起去试试自我反省。故选C。7．最佳标题题。根据"Ifyouhavenevertakenthetimetodoselfreflection,tryitnow."可知，文章最佳标题为Trydoingselfrefectionnow!"现在就试试自我反省吧！"。故选A。阅读理解Antsareeverywhere.Theyliveinforests，fields，desertsandcities，allovertheEarth.Buthowmuchdoyouknowaboutthem?Antsaresocialanimals.Theyliveandworkingroups.Theyalwaysbuildnests，findfood，andraisebabiestogether.Theyhavetheirowncolonies（群体）.Antcoloniesarelargeorsmall，fromjustafewonestomillions!Usually，antsaredividedinto（被分成）severaldifferentclasses（等级）suchasqueens，workers，malesandsoon.Queensarefemalesandtheyeatmoreaslarvae（幼虫）.Queenantsareusuallythebiggestantsincolonies.Theylayalltheeggs.Aqueenantcanliveforseveraltensofyears.Maleshavewingsandtheyneverhelpwiththechores.Theycanonlyliveforafewweeks.Workersarefemalesandtheyeatlessaslarvae.Workersdoallthe"housework"frombuildingandcleaningthenesttocollectingfood.Workersarewinglessandusuallyliveforseveralmonths.Antsarealsocleverarchitects.Theycanbuildtheirhomesindifferentplaces.Youmayfindtheirnestsunderrocksorinthetrees.What'smore，theneststhattheybuildareperfectforantlarvaetogrowup.Oneantbyitselfcannotdomuchharmtomanylargeranimals.Buttheycanbeatmuchbiggerandstrongerenemiesinlargegroups.Byactingtogether，antscanevenprotecttheircoloniesagainstanimals.Ifyouareluckyenough，youmayseesuchawonderfulfight!Antsaresuccessfulintheanimalworld.Buthaveyoulearnedthesecretbehindtheirsuccess?8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutants?A．Youcan'tfindantsincities.B．Antgroupsaredifferentinsize.C．Queenants'lifeisveryshort.9．Weknowthatworkerants____.A．havebigwingsB．eatthemostaslarvaeC．helpkeeptheirnestsclean10．Whycanantsprotecttheircoloniessuccessfully?A．Theyareluckyenough.B．Theyalwaysactingroups.C．Theirenemiesarenotstrong.11．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?A．Nature. B．Travel. C．Food.【答案】8．B9．C10．B11．A【解析】【分析】本文介绍了蚂蚁的生活习性、社会结构、分工合作以及它们在动物世界中的成功秘诀。

【点评】考查阅读选择。注意多做练习，提高英语阅读理解能力需要大量的练习，可以通过做阅读理解练习题来提高自己的阅读理解水平。8．细节题。根据"Antcoloniesarelargeorsmall,fromjustafewonestomillions!"可知，蚂蚁群体的大小不同。故选B。9．细节题。根据"Workersdoallthe"housework"frombuildingandcleaningthenesttocollectingfood."可知，我们知道工蚁有助于保持巢穴的清洁。故选C。10．细节题。根据"Byactingtogether,antscanevenprotecttheircoloniesagainstanimals."可知，它们总是成群结队的行动，所以蚂蚁能成功地保护它们的群落。故选B。11．文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了蚂蚁的情况，与自然有关。故选A。二、阅读技能。第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文。（共1小题；每小题8分，满分8分）阅读还原ThereisanoldChinesesaying，"Ifsomeonegivesyoualittledropofwater，youshouldreturnaspringofwater."12．Wethankourparentswhogiveuslives.Theyworkhardallthetimeinordertogiveusabetterlife.Theygiveusfoodandclothestokeepusfromhungerandillness.13．Wearetakenafterwellbythem.Wethankourteacherswhogiveusdreams.It'snoteasyforteacherstoeducateus.Theyteachusalotofthingsbesidesknowledge.Buttheyaskfornothingfromus.Wearewell﹣educatedbythem.Meanwhile，weeventhankpeoplewhohurtus，becausetheyteachusimportantthings.Wethankpeoplewhogivesusup，14．Wethankpeoplewhoareselfish（自私的），becausewelearnedtheimportanceofbeingkind.Therearelotsofpeoplethatweshouldthankinourlife.15．Forexample，wecoulddowhatcandotoofferhelpiftheyareinneed.Also，it'sagoodchoicetopreparesomesmallgiftsonspecialdays.What'smore，takingcareofourselvesandtryingourbesttoliveameaningfullifeisalsoagoodwaytothankthosewholoveusandreallycareaboutus.A.Theyteachuswhatisrightandwhatiswrongtomakeusbettermen.B.becausetheyteachushowtobeindependent.C.Thatmeansifsomeonehelpsyouabit，youshouldthankhimalot.D.Weshouldexpressourthankswithactions，notjustwords.E.Weshouldshowpeopleourthanks.【答案】12．C；13．A；14．B；15．D【解析】【分析】本文讨论了我们应该如何感谢生活中帮助我们和教给我们重要事情的人，包括通过行动来表达感激之情。

选项意思：

A.他们教会我们什么是对的，什么是错的，使我们成为更好的人。

B.因为他们教会了我们如何独立。

C.那意味着如果有人帮助你一点，你应该非常感谢他。

D.我们应该用行动来表达我们的感谢，而不仅仅是言语。

E.我们应该向别人表达我们的感谢。

【点评】考查阅读还原，首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后结合上下文信息选出合适的选项填入到空白处，最后要再次阅读文章检查，避免错误。12．根据前句"ThereisanoldChinesesaying,‘Ifsomeonegivesyoualittledropofwater,youshouldreturnaspringofwater.'"可知，此处应是对这句谚语的进一步阐述。C选项"那意味着如果有人帮助你一点，你应该非常感谢他。"与之匹配。故选C。13．根据前句"Wethankourparentswhogiveuslives.Theyworkhardallthetimeinordertogiveusabetterlife.Theygiveusfoodandclothestokeepusfromhungerandillness."可知，此处应是在讲述父母对我们的照顾和教育。A选项"他们教会我们什么是对的，什么是错的，使我们成为更好的人。"符合语境。故选A。14．根据"weeventhankpeoplewhohurtus,becausetheyteachusimportantthings.Wethankpeoplewhogivesusup…Wethankpeoplewhoareselfish,becausewelearnedtheimportanceofbeingkind."可知，本段是在讲述伤害过我们的人对我们成长的帮助，此处应是在解释感谢那些放弃我们的人的原因。B选项"因为他们教会了我们如何独立。"与之匹配。故选B。15．根据最后一段"Forexample,wecoulddowhatcandotoofferhelpiftheyareinneed.Also,it'sagoodchoicetopreparesomesmallgiftsonspecialdays."可知，此处应指要用实际行动去感谢他人。D选项"我们应该用行动来表达我们的感谢，而不仅仅是言语。"与之匹配。故选D。三、语言运用。第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）完形填空Aronjustmovedtoabigcitytostartanewjob.Itdidn'ttakelongforArontofeelthe16．ofcitylife.Thepeople，thenoise，hisheavywork...theseallmadehimfeellike17．.Butoneday，asAronwasonhiswaytowork，hesawahomelessmanonthestreet.Hedidn'tseeahomelesspersonbefore.He18．andhadashorttalkwithhim.Then，heopenedupabouthislifeandcomplained（抱怨）aboutthe19．hewasfacing.Theman20．listenedallthetime."Iwaswondering...howdidyouenduphomelessness?"Aronasked."Iwasinawar.Isawlotsofdeath.Igotbadlyhurtandcouldn'tfindajobwhenIcamehome.Unluckily，mywifedecidedto21．me.Ilost22．.Lifehurtmesomuch，"themansaid."23．I'mthankfulforeverydayforI'malive.Mylifemightbehardsometimes，butwhenIseesomethingassimpleassleeping，Irememberthatevenwhenlifehurts，lifemeansalot."Compared（比较）tolosinginawar，gettinghurtandbecomingdisabled，Aron'sownproblemsseemed24．tosolve.Ifthishomelessmancouldstillseethegoodsideoflife25．allhewasthrough，thenmaybeAroncouldtoo.16．A．joy B．interest C．stress17．A．givingup B．puttingup C．givingout18．A．stopped B．ran C．laughed19．A．house B．problems C．failure20．A．angrily B．friendly C．patiently21．A．help B．leave C．depend22．A．nothing B．everything C．anything23．A．But B．Since C．So24．A．moredifficult B．lessinteresting C．lessdifficult25．A．after B．before C．under【答案】16．C；17．A；18．A；19．B；20．C；21．B；22．B；23．A；24．C；25．A【解析】【分析】本文讲述了Aron在与一位无家可归的退伍军人交谈后，重新审视自己的生活问题，意识到相比战争、受伤和残疾，自己的问题更容易解决，并学会了感恩生活的意义。

【点评】考查完形填空，注意词汇在篇章中的运用能力，首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章逐一作答，注意上下文的逻辑，并且考虑句型，语法，搭配，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。16．句意：Aron很快就感受到了城市生活的压力。joy喜悦；interest兴趣；stress压力。根据"Thepeople,thenoise,hisheavywork"可知，Aron是感受到了压力。故选C。17．句意：这里的人、这里的噪音、他繁重的工作……这些都让他想放弃。givingup放弃；puttingup提供，建造；givingout分发，公布。根据"Thepeople,thenoise,hisheavywork"可知，这里的人、这里的噪音、他繁重的工作都是不好的事情，故可推测出，这些让他想放弃。故选A。18．句意：他停下来和他简短地谈了一会儿。stopped停下来；ran跑；laughed笑。根据"asAronwasonhiswaytowork"和"andhadashorttalkwithhim"可知，他和这位流浪汉简短地谈了一会儿，可知，他停下来了。故选A。19．句意：然后，他公开了自己的生活，并抱怨他所面临的问题。house房子；problems问题；failure失败。根据"complained(抱怨）about"和"hewasfacing"可知，抱怨的应该是面对的问题。故选B。20．句意：这个人一直耐心地听着。angrily生气地；friendly友好的；patiently耐心地。根据"listenedallthetime"可知，是一直耐心地听。故选C。21．句意：不幸的是，我妻子决定离开我。help帮助；leave离开；depend依靠。根据"Unluckily"可知，妻子是离开了我。故选B。22．句意：我失去了一切。nothing没什么；everything一切；anything任何事。根据"Igotbadlyhurtandcouldn'tfindajobwhenIcamehome.Unluckily,mywifedecidedto...me"和"Lifehurtmesomuch"我受了重伤，回家后找不到工作，妻子也离开了自己，可知此处表示我失去了一切。故选B。23．句意：但我感谢每一天，因为我还活着。But但是；Since自从，因为；So所以。根据"Lifehurtmesomuch"和"I'mthankfulforeverydayforI'malive"可知，空格前后为转折关系，故应用but。故选A。24．句意：与在战争中失败、受伤和残疾相比，Aron自己的问题似乎没那么难解决。moredifficult更困难；lessinteresting不那么有趣；lessdifficult不那么难。根据"Compared(比较)tolosinginawar,gettinghurtandbecomingdisabled"可知，和在战争中失败、受伤和残疾相比，Aron在生活、工作中遇到的问题是没有那么难以解决的。故选C。25．句意：如果这个无家可归的人在经历了这一切之后还能看到生活美好的一面，那么Aron也许也可以。after在……之后；before在……之前；under在……下。根据"Ifthishomelessmancouldstillseethegoodsideoflife"和"allhewasthrough"可知，此处应表示在经历了一切之后，流浪汉仍然能看到生活中美好的一面。故选A。四、语言运用。第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。（共1小题，计10分）语法填空Itwaslateintheafternoon，nearlydark.LittleTommadehiswayhomewithtearsinhiseyeswhilethesun26．（drop）downthemountains."What'sthematter，Tom?How'syourtrip?"Hismotheraskedwithabigsmile."Iwasn't27．（success）ingettingtothetop.Themountainissohighandfullofstonesontheway.Ikeptgoingon.ButIwassotired28．Ihadtogiveupclimbingit."Tomcried."Itdoesn'tmatter.Youareonly14yearsold.Whenyougetolder，youwillhave29．（much）chances（机会）thannow，"hismothersaid."But，mydreamistostand30．thetopofthemountain!"Tomsaid.Then，hisfathercameover，"Didyouseethegreentreesonyourwaytothemountain?Didyouhearthebirds31．（sing）atthattime?"，hisfatherasked，"Sure.Thereweremanykindsofbirdssinginginthetrees，andthesoundwasverysweet，"Tomsaid."Didyoufeelthebeautyofnature?"hisfatherasked."Yes，thebluesky，thegreen32．（tree）andthecolorfulflowersmadeanicepicture."Tomanswered."That'senough!"hisfathersmiledandsaid."Pleaseremember，son.Moreoften，achieving（取得）whatyouexpectisnotthe33．（important）thinginyourlife.34．youdidn'treachthetopofthemountain，yougotalotontheway."Itistruethatnoteverygoalwillbeachieved，noteveryjobwillendupwith（以……结束）a35．（satisfy），andnoteverydreamwillcometrue.Themostbeautifulscenery（风景）isalwaysontheway.【答案】26．wasdropping；27．successful；28．that；29．more；30．at；31．singing；32．trees；33．mostimportant；34．Although；35．satisfaction【解析】【分析】本文讲述了小汤姆在爬山过程中没有到达山顶，但欣赏了沿途美景，并明白了生活中最重要的不是达到目标，而是过程中的体验和收获。

【点评】考查语法填空。首先跳过空格通读全文，理解文章大意，然后根据语境和所给单词选择正确的词形和词性，注意固定搭配，语法和句型结构等因素。26．句意：当太阳要落山的时候，小汤姆含着泪水回家了。drop下降，动词。根据"while"可知，用来表述一个动作发生在另一个动作过程当中，主句时态是一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时态。故填wasdropping。27．句意：我没能成功地到达山顶。success成功，名词。根据空格前面的词语"wasn't"可知，系动词后要用形容词。故填successful。28．句意：我是如此疲劳，以至于我不得不放弃爬山。根据前后文语境和"Iwassotired"可知，此处表示小汤姆因太累不得不放弃爬山。"so...that..."表示"如此……以至于……"。故填that。29．句意：当你变老的时候，你比现在会有更多的机会。much许多，副词。根据"than"可知，此处应用提示词"much"的比较级。故填more。30．句意：我的梦想是站在山顶上。根据空格后面的词语"thetopofthemountain"可知，此处应用介词"at"，"atthetopof"表示"在……的顶部"。故填at。31．句意：那时候你听见鸟叫了吗？sing唱，动词。根据"hear"可知，空格处应用现在分词，"hear...doing..."表示"听见……在做某事"。故填singing。32．句意：蓝天，绿树和五颜六色的花组成了一幅美丽的图画。tree树，名词。根据"andthecolorfulflowers"可知，并列连词"and"应连接两个复数名词表示一类事物。故填trees。33．句意：更经常的是，得到你期望的东西不是你一生中最重要的事情。important重要的，形容词。根据"inyourlife"可知，这是形容词最高级表示比较的范围。故填mostimportant。34．句意：虽然你没有到达山顶，但是你一路上收获了很多。根据语境可知，前后句子存在转折关系，此处可用连词"Although"。故填Although。35．句意：确实，不是每个目标都会实现，不是每个工作都会成功，不是每个梦想都会满意。satisfy满意，动词。根据空格前面的词语"a"可知，此处应用名词来填空。故填satisfaction。五、综合技能。第一节阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（满分10分）阅读表达WhatWouldYouDo?isaTVprogramonAmericanABC.TheprogramwhichishostedbythenewsreporterJohnQuinonesispopularwithmanypeople.Ittestswhatpeoplewilldowhentheyseesomeoneisintroublesoastoremindustostandupforthepeopleinneed.Hereislastweek'sprogram.Inacakeshop，anactressactedasablindwomannamedPamela，andanactoractedasamanclerkwholookeddownupontheblindwoman.Hiddencameraswererecordingwhatwouldhappen.Theblindwomancameintotheshopandboughtaboxoftwelvecupcakes.Theclerktreatedthewomanbadlyatfirst.Thenhecheatedherwhenhegaveherthechange.Heonlygaveher6singledollarbillsinsteadof34dollars.Wouldsomeonebebraveenoughtostandupfortheblindwoman?Yes!Acustomerinthecakeshopstoppedtheclerkfromcheatingtheblindwomanandtreatingherbadly.Andothercustomersjoinedinsoon.JohnappearedintheendandinterviewedthefirstcustomerwhohelpedPamelaout.Shesaiditwasnecessarytogiveahandtothepeopleinneed."Apsychology（心理学）professoroncesaid，"shesaid."It'sdifficulttotakethefirststeptostandup.Itneedscourage."Answerthefollowingquestions：36．What'sthenameoftheTVprogram?37．What'sthepurposeoftheTVprogram?38．Wherewastheblindwoman?39．Whotreatedtheblindwomanbadly?40．Whatdoweneedtostandupforthepeopleinneed?【答案】36．WhatWouldYouDo?37．Ittestswhatpeoplewilldowhentheyseesomeoneisintroublesoastoremindustostandupforthepeopleinneed.38．Inacakeshop.39．Theclerk.40．Weneedcourage.【解析】【分析】本文介绍了《WhatWouldYouDo?》是美国ABC电视台由新闻记者JohnQuinones主持的节目，上周的节目中在一家蛋糕店通过演员表演店员欺骗和恶劣对待盲人顾客，测试人们的反应，一位顾客勇敢站出来制止，最后John采访了这位顾客，其表示帮助有需要的人需要勇气。

【点评】考查任务型阅读。先通读全文，理解文章大意，把握主题，然后扫读每个小题的题目和所涉及到的段落，寻找关键词，根据题目中的要求，进行精准答题。36．根据"WhatWouldYouDo?isaTVprogramonAmericanABC."可知这个电视节目的名字是《你会怎么做？》。故填WhatWouldYouDo?37．根据"Ittestswhatpeoplewilldowhentheyseesomeoneisintroublesoastoremindustostandupforthepeopleinneed."可知，电视节目的目的是提醒我们挺身而出帮助有需要的人。故填Ittestswhatpeoplewilldowhentheyseesomeoneisintroublesoastoremi