初一英语阅读理解专题

阅读理解专题

阅读短文，回答问题

Whatsportdoyoulikebest?

Daniel:Ilikebasketballbest.IoftenwatchNBA。Iplaybasketballeveryday。Iamshort,

butIamstrong.Iamagoodbasketballplayerinourschoolo

Lucy：Ping-pingismyfavouritesport«IamaChineseandChineseping-pongplayersare

thebestintheworld.1wanttobeagoodping—pongplayertoo.Ioftenplayiteveryafternoon.

Toni：Iamtallandstrong.Ilikefootballbest.MyfatherisafootballplayeroIoftenwatch

myfatherplayfootball。MyfatheroftenteachesmetoplayfootballoIplaywithmyfatherand

othersintheparkeveryday.

()I.WhatsportdoesDaniellike?

AoFootballBoBasketballCoPingpongD

Swimming

()2.Wholikesfootballbest?

AoDanielB.TomCoLucyD.Nobody

)3.WhatdoesTom'sfatherdo?

AoAteacheroB.Adoctor.CoApoliceman«>D.Afootball

player。

()4oWhendoesLucyoftenplayping-pong?

AoEverymorning。B。Everyafternoon.CoEveryeveningoD.At

theweekend.

()5.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?

AoDanielistalkB.Lucywantstobeadoctor。

C.Tomisthin。DoThepassage(文章)isaboutfavourite

sports.

B

Hi!MynameisMillie,IamfromEnglandoIamtwelveyearsold。Iamslimandtall.I

havelonghair。Ilikemusic.Ilistentomusiceveryevening.IlikereadingandIaminthe

ReadingClub.ButIdon'tlikesports.

Hello!IamPeterfromAmerica.But1liveinShanghainow<>Iam13yearsold。Iwear

glassesoIamtallandstrong.Myhairisveryshort.Ilikesportsverymuch。Everyafternoon,I

playfootballontheplaygroundatschool.Iamgoodatswimmingtoo.

ThisisAmy.IwasbominBeijingandnowIliveinNanjing。Myfatherworksinahospital

inNanjing.Sowecomehere.Iamfourteenyearsold.Iamshortbutstrong.Ilikeplaying

computergames.Iampoliteandhelpful.Ioftenhelpotherstudents0

()6.HowoldisMillie?

A.TwelveB.ThirteenC.FourteenDoFifteen

()7.WheredoesAmycomefrom?

A。EnglandB。AmericaCoBeijingDoNanjing

()8。Whowearsapairofglasses?

AoMillieB。PeterCoSimon

D.Amy

()9oWhatdoesAmy'sfatherdo?

A.Ateacher.B。Adoctor.C.ApolicemanoDoAcook.

()10。WhatisPeterlike?

A.Slimandtall.B.Shortandstrong.CoTallandstrong<.D.Thinand

tall.

阅读理解所选短文体裁多样，题材各异,文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、玫治

历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜

测词义题和正误判断题.

一、阅读理解的应试策略

提高英语阅读水平并非i朝一夕所能奏效的。要想具有较高的阅读水平,考

生就必须具备扎实的语法知识，相当数量的词汇，渊博的背景知识，过硬的专业

知识以及较高的分析能力、认识能力和逻辑思维能力等。这就要求我们除了掌握

好语言基础知识外，还必须经常大量阅读各种体裁、题材的英语读物，如《英语

辅导报》、《英语沙龙》、《英语学习》等报刊上的文章.每天要根据自己的情况尽

可能地多读几篇，这样长期坚持下去，词汇量会得到扩大，知识面能得到拓宽，

阅读速度也会逐步加快，语言感受能力将会增强，因而阅读水平也会随之提高。

二、阅读理解的应试技巧

应该指出的是，应付测试不是阅读理解的目的，只有通过长期的练习和积极

思考才能真正提高阅读能力，但应试技巧可以帮助考生增加自信心，并在一定程

度上提高考试成绩。下面的临场应考技巧仅供参考。

1、如果文K题少，则以略读的方式先读遍，而后带着问题去查阅，求得耍

找的答案。

2、如果文短题多，则应先仔细阅读该短文，再去做题。遇到某个题答不来

时，可带着该问题去查阅有关细节.

3、如果问的是一段文章的中心思想，则应重点读段首句和段未句，看是否

有主题句。有时主题句可能位于段中，也有的段落无明显的主题句，那就要自己

分析、归纳中心思想.

4、如果问题要求解答案数字、人名、地名、时间等，则可直接用查阅的方

法来寻求答案

三、常见题型的剖析

（-）主旨题

主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理

解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第

一句或最后一句。

（二）细节题

细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此

类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。

（三）推断题

推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包

括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应

根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索,悟出字里行间的意思，反

复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断.

（四）猜测词义题

猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断

词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文

中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是

否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。

1.通过因果关系猜词

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文

章借助关联词（如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefor

e等等）表示前因后果.例如：

Youshouldn,thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfaull.通过for引

出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是〃责备

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay,即使我

们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解拜的过程中使用的同

义词，如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars»andJupiterwith

thehelpofspaceships。此句中的Venus（金星）、Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均为

生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“吁星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，

一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示

否定意义的词语，如：Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根据n。

tatall...handsome我们不难推测出home1y的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思.

3。通过构词法猜词

在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们

对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法

知识，这些问题便不难解决了。

4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

例如：Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisad

ryperiod,ordrought<>

从drought所在句子为上文我们得知很久不下雨，7是便有一段干旱的时期，即drough

t,由此可见drought意思为“久旱”旱灾"。而adryperiod和drought是同义语。这种

同义或释义关系常由同or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折号等来表示.

5。通过句法功能来推测词义

例如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgr

owinwarmareaso假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处

的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,orang

es是同类关系，同属fruil类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

6.通过描述猜词

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌

或内在特征的描写.例如：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPo

le.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimin

theicywatertocatchthefish。从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极

的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

(五)正误判断题

正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实

或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类题比较直接，难度相对较小。做此类题时，应先看

题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。

阅读短文，回答问题

C

MynameisRachel.IamastudentinToronto,CanadaoItisthesecondlargestcountryin

sizeintheworld.

EverydaymybrotherAndrewandIgotoschoolat9:00.1dislikegettingupat8:00inthe

morning!Whenwefinallygetup,weneedtoeatbreakfastquicklyathomeandwalktoschool.

AtschoolwelearnEnglishandFrench,becauseCanadianspeakEnglishandFrenchoOf

course,wealsolearnhistory>art,scienceandmatho

MybiulhciSfavouiilcspoilisfuulballoBuiIuan'lplayfuolballalscliuul—tlicicisnu

grassyareaon(heplayground.

Schoolendsat3:30AndrewandIwalkbackhome.Ihavetodoalotofhomeworkfirsto

AfterdinnerIcanrelax。Myfavoritehobbyisgoingforaboat—ridewithdad.SometimesIgoto

thepark.Ihopeyoucanenjoylearningaboulmylife.

()11.isthesecondlargestintheworld.

A.Canada'ssizeB.Canada'spopulation

C.thenumberof:hestudentsD.Canada'sfood

()12.Rachelandhisbrothergotoschool。

AintheschoolbusBintheirfather'scarConfootDbybike

()13.WhatlanguagedoesRachellearnatschool.

AEnglishandscienceBEnglishandFrench

CFrenchandreadingDChineseandEnglish

)14.Rachel'sbrotherlikesbest.

AvolleyballBfootballCbaseballDbadminton

)15.Rachelhastofirstafterschool.

AhelphismothercookBdohishomeworkCwatchTVwithhisbrotherDhavedinner

D

MostchildrenlikewatchingTV.It*sveryinteresting(>BywatchingTVtheycanseeandlearn

alotandknowmanythingsabouttheircountryandtheworld.Ofcourse»theycanalsolearnon

theradiooButtheycanlearnbetterandmoreeasilywithTV,,Why?Becausetheycanhearand

watchatthesametime。Buttheycan'tseeanythingontheradio0

TVhelpstoopenchildreirseyes.TVhelpstoopentheirminds(思维),too。Theylearnnewer

andbetterwaysofdoingthings。Theymayfindtheworldisnowsmallerthanbefore.

ManychildrenwatchTVonlyonSaturdayorSundayevening.Theyarealwaysbusywith

theirlessons.ButafewchildrenwatchTVeverynight。Theygotobedverylate<>Theycan't

haveagoodrest。Howaboutyouandyourfriends?

()16.Afewchildrer.gotobedlatebecausethey.

A.,arebusywiththeirlessonsBodotheirhomework

CowatchTVD.listentotheradio

()17.Childrencan'tseeanything»

A.in(heradioB<,ontheradioC。onTVD。bywatching

TV

()18.TVhelpstoopenchildren's

A.eyesandmindsB»mindsC«eyesorearsD.eyes

()19.ManychildrenwatchTVonlyon«

A。SaturdayorSundayB。SaturdayorSundayevening

C.SaturdayeveningD.Sundayevening

()20.ChildrencanstudybetterandmoreeasilywithTVbecause

A。theylikelowatchTV.

Botheycanhearalthesametime

Cotheycanwatchalthesamelime

Dotheycanlistentoandseesomethingat(hesametime

Fishandchips,andChinesetake-awayfood(熟食)arerverypopularinEngland.But

theyarelesspopularintheUSA.IntheUSA,theyeattake—awayfood,too,likefried

chickenoButthemostpopularkindoflake—awayfoodishamburgers.Itlookslikebreadwith

mealinitoHamburgersaredeliciousoTheyareverypopularintheworld.Chinesefoodhas

differenttastesandisusuallyverydelicious-.It'salsoverypopularintheworld.

)21.What'sthefavouritefoodintheUSA?

A.Hamburgers.B.>Fishandchips.C.Friedchicken.D.Take-away

food

)22.Wha(doesthehamburgerlooklike?

A.ItlookslikeamooncakeoB„1(lookslikeasausages(香肠).

CoItlookslikebreadwithmeatinit»DoItlookslikeabanana«

()23.Whichfoodhasdifferenttastesandisusuallyv^rydelicious?

A.Englishfood.B.Americanfood.C.Chinesefood.D.Frenchfood.

()24.ArefishandchipsandChinesetake-awayfoodverypopularin(heUSA?

AoYes,theyare.B。No,theyaren'tC。Yes,theywere,,D.No,

theyweren't.

()25.Whodoyouthinklikeshamburgersbest?

A.Theoldpeople..B»Children.CoMostofthepeople.Do

Nobody

课后练习

阅读短文，回答问题

A

Tomlikesfishverymuch.Heoftenbuyssomefishintheshopandtakesithome.Butwhen

hiswifesecsthefish,shesaystoherself,"Good!Icanaskmyfriendstohavelunch,and

wecaneatthefish。Theylikefishverymuch,tooo”

SowhenTomcomeshomeintheevening,thefishisnotthereandhiswifealwayssays,

"Oh,yourcateatsit“AndshegivesTomsomebreadfbrhissupper。Tomisveryangry.He

takesthecatandhiswifetotheshopnearhishouseandweighsthecat.Thenheturnstohiswife

andsays,"Myfishweighsonekilo.Thiscatweighsone,too。Myfishishere,yousee,but

thenwhereismycat?"

1oWheredoesTomoftenbuyfish?

AointheshopB.athomeCoinaschoolD.fromhis

wife

2.eatthefish。

AoTomBaToniandhiswifeC.ThecatD.Tom^wifeandher

friends

3oWhatdoesTomhaveforsupper?

A.SomebreadB.ThefishC.SomericeandthefishD。Somefruitandchicken

4。Whatdoestheunderlinedword"weighs“meaninChinese?

A.批评B。称重C.宰杀D0驱逐

5.Whichofthefollowingisright?

AoTonidoesn'tlikefisho

B.Tom'swifeeatsthefishwithTomathome.

C.Tomdoesn'thavelunchathome.

DoTomcan'lfindthecat

B

Harryiseightyearsold。Hegoestoschoolnearhishome。Healwaysgoesthereandcomes

homeonfoot。OnedayhecamehomefromschoollateoHismothersawhimandasked

him,^Whywereyoulate,Harry?"

“Myteacherwasveryangryandaskedyoutogotoherofficetomorrow.

"Toheroffice?Why?”hismotherasked<,"Becausesheaskedaquestionintheclasso”

saidHarry.''Nobodycouldanswerit»butIcouldo"

"Youarcsoclever,myson.''hismothersaidwithasmile0"Whatisherquestion?”

Herquestionis“Whoputthetomatoonmychairandmademytrousersdirty??,saidHarry.

49.cananswertheteacher'squestioninclasso

AoNobodyBoHarryC.ManystudentsDoSomestudents

50oTheteacheraskedHarry'smothertogotoschoolbecause。

AoHarryiseightB。Harrygoestoschoolonfoot

CoHarry'shomeisnearD.Harrymadeherangry

51.Theteacher'strousersweredirtybecause«

A.shesatonthedeskB。itwasraininghard

CoshesatonthetomatoDoshehadthemforalongtime

C

WhenyouarereadingsomethinginEnglish,youmayoftencomeacrossanew

word.What'sthebestwaytoknowit?

YouneedanEnglish-Chinesedictionary（字典）。Itwilltellyoualotabouttheword,for

example（例如），howtoreadthisword,whatitmeansinChineseandhowtousethisword.But

therearesomanyEnglishwordsinthedictionaryandhowcanyouknowwherethewordis?

Thereisawaytolookforit

In（hedictionaryyoucanfirstseethewordsbeginningwith（heletterA,（henB,C,D,

E...Thatmeans,iftherearetwowords「desk”and"hour”,"desk”willbebefore"hour"；"story"

“befdre"“Sunday","tomato”befbre"tomorrow”etcoTheEnglish—Chinesedictionarywillbe

yourgoodfriend.IhopeyouwilloftenuseitinyourEnglishlearningo

52oWhenyoudon'tknowanewword,thebestwayaccordingtothepassage（短文）is

A.toaskyourteacherB.toguess

C.toaskyourfriendsD.touseadictionary

53.Whatdocs“comeacross”mean（意思）inChineseinthepassage?

Itmeans.

A.遇到Bo撞倒Co越过D.过来

54.Herearefourwords,“face”，“aulumn"，“film”and“April”.

Theirrightorder（次序）intheEnglish—Chinesedictionaryis

A.April,autumn,face,filmBofilm,face,April,autumn

C.face,film,April,autumnDoApril,face,film,autumn

55oThispassageisabout。

Aohowt