大学英语四级模拟试卷368

大学英语四级模拟试卷368

一、作文（本题共/题，每题上0分，共1分。）

1、Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:Job

ProblemforGraduates.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegiven

belowinChinese.1.大学毕业生在择业方面有什么变化2.导致这种变化的原因是什

么3.就如何解决这个问题给出你的建议JobProblemforGraduates

标准答案：JobProblemforGraduatesNowadays,only58%ofcollegegraduatescould

findajobintheirspecialty.Whydocollegegraduatesfinditincreasinglydifficulttoget

arewardingjob?Onereasonperhapsisthatmanycollegesanduniversitiesfailtoadapt

theircoursestothedevelopmentofsociety.Degreecoursesofferedinsomeinstitutions

ofhigherlearningaresooutdated,irrelevantandimpracticalthatthestudentsthemselves

findithard（otransform（heirbookknowledgeintorealjobskills.Second,thereisan

oversupplyofgraduatesincertainfields.Asaresult,manygraduatescannotenterthe

professionsforwhichtheyaretrainedandhavetotakeotherjobsavailable.College

graduatesarevaluableresourcesofourcountry.Theproblemtheyencounterinjob

huntingdeservesmoreattention.Collegesshouldgetstudenlsoutoftheivorytowerand

adapttheircoursestomeettheneedsofon-goingdevelopmentofeconomy.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共7。题，每题分，共10

分。）

FittobePresidentAreyoufittobePresidentoftheUnitedStates?Physicalfitnessisnot

arequirement,butitcouldbehelpful.Afterall,thePresident'sjobisastressfulone.

ManyPresidentshavefoundrelieffromthetensionoftheirworkthroughexercise.Their

choicesof.activities'havebeenasdifferentasthepersonalitiesofthemenwhohaveheld

theofficeSomePresidentskeptfitbywalking.GeorgeWashingtonandJamesMadison

enjoyednaturewalks.HarryS.Trumanwasfamousforhisearlymorningwalks.

Reportersandphotographerssometimestaggedalong,butkeepingupwithhimwasnot

easy.Trumankeptabriskandexactpace."Iwalktwomilesmosteverymorningata

hundredand（wenty-eightstepsaminute,"henoted.JohnQuincyAdamsalsoenjoyed

earlymorningwalks."Iwalkbythelightofmoonorstars,ornone,aboutfourmiles,

usuallyreturninghomeintimetoseethesunrisefromtheeasternchamberofthe

House,"hewrote.Intilesummer,hefollowedhiswalkwithaswiminthePotomac

River.HerbertHooversaidthatwalkswerea"lonesomebusiness".Hewasmore

interestedinateamsport.Healsowantedanactivitythatwouldgivehimagood

workout,inashortamountoftime.Iloover'sWhiteHousephysiciancreatedtheperfect

solution—agamethatbecameknownasHoover-ball.Thegame,similartovolleyball,

wasplayedwithasix-poundmedicineball.Theserverthrewthehalloverthenet.A

playerontheotherteamhadtocatchtheballbeforeittouchedthegroundandthrowit

back.Eachmorningfourtoeighteenplayersturnedoutforgamesonthesouthlawnof

theWhiteHouse.ManyofthemweremembersofHoover'scabinet.TheodoreRoosevelt

wasknowntotakethemembersofcabinetonlong,exhaustinghikes.Healsoenjoyed

plentyofotheractivities.Heplayedtennis,wenthorsebackriding,andsparredwith

boxingpartnersinaringsetupattheWhiteHouse.Forawhile,Roosevelttrainedthree

timesaweekwithtwoJapanesewrestlers.Inalettertohisson,hedescribedhisprogress.

"Sinceyoulefttheyhave(aughtmethreenewthrowsthatareperfectcorkers,"hewrote.

AnotheractivePresidentwasGeraldFord,whohadbeenastarfootballplayerincollege.

Heplayedtennis,skied,andswamlapsintheWhiteHousepool.Healsoworkedout

withweights,anactivitythatRonaldReaganusedtokeepinshape.Twoofour

Presidentsswamasawaytomanagehealthproblems.FranklinD.Roosevelt,whohad

losttheuseofhislegsfrompolio,wasabletobuildupper-bodystrengthfromdaily

swimsintheWhiteHousepool.Thatstrengthhelpedhimmoveeasilyfromwheelchair

tochair.JohnF.Kennedy,whosufferedfromchronicbackpain,alsobenefitedfrom

swimmingintheWhiteHousspool.Becausewarmwatersoothedhisback,Kennedy

orderedthatthepoolbeheated.ManU.S.Presidentshavebeengolfers.WilliamHoward

TaftwasthefirstseriousgolferintheWhiteHouse.DwightEisenhowerpracticedthe

gameoften.WarrenHardingeventrainedhisdogtochaseandreturngolfballswhenhe

practicedonthesouthlawnoftheWhiteHouse.WoodrowWilsonenjoyedgolfsomuch

(hathehadsomeofhisgolfbanspaintedredfbrplayingonsnowydays.Several

Presidentshavebeenjoggers.JimmyCarterregularlyranaboutfourmilesaclay.George

H.W.Bushfoundthathisdailyrunwasagoodtime(othink."Itgivesmetime(oreflect,

toclearthehead/'hetoldareporter.Hisson,currentPresidentGeorgeW.Bush,also

jogs.PoliticianshavefoundthatagoodwaytogetabitofthePresidentstimeistojoin

himduringoneofhisruns.BillClinton'sWhiteHouseschedulerkeptalistofpeople

whowantedtojogwiththePresident.ManyfoundthatClintonwasinbettershapethan

theyhadexpected.Asaresult,theWhiteHouseprovideda"stragglervan"topickup

peoplewhocouldnotfinishtherun.RearAdmiralWilliamM.Lukash,whowasWhite

HousephysiciantoPresidentsJohnson,Nixon,Ford,andCaner,saidthatfitnessis

importantforaPresident."Becausethedemandsonhimareenormous,theabilityofa

ChiefExecutivetorespondtothesepressuresissignificantlylinkedtohisoverall

physicalcondition."IfyoudreamofbeingPresidentoneday,youmightwanttogetin

shape.Ithelpstobe"fit"sforthejob!

2、Presidents'choicesofactivitieshavebeenasdifferentasthepersonalitiesofthemen

whohaveheldtheoffice.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从第一段的最后一句可知本题正确。

3、GeorgeWashingtonwasfamousforhisearlymorningwalks.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从第三段第一句可知应该是HarryS.Truman(,

4、U.S.Presidentspaymuchattentiontopeople'shealth.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析；文中并没有提到美国总统们对国民健康的关注问题。

5、Hoover'sWhiteHousephysiciancreatedagamethatbecameknownasHoover-ball.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：关键在第五段最后一句。

6、GeraldFordhadbeenastarfootballplayerincollege.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：答案在第八段第一句。

7、GeorgeH.W.Bushfoundthathisdailyrunwasagoodtimetorelease.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：答案在第十二段。

8、TheabilityofaChiefExecutivetorespondtopressuresissignificantlylinkedtohis

overallphysicalcondition.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：解答本题的关键在文章的第十四段的末尾。

9、Inthesummer,JohnQuincyAdamsfollowedhiswalkwithaswiminthe.

标准答案：PotomacRiver

知识点解析：答案在第四段的最后一句。

10、Forawhile,RoosevelttrainedaweakwithtwoJapanesewrestlers.

标准答案：Japanesewrestlers

知识点解析：答案在文章收第七段。

11、BillClinton'skeptalistofpeoplewhowantedtojogwithfilepresident.

标准答案：WhiteHousescheduler

知识点解析：答案在文章的第十三段。

三、听力短对话（本题共6题，每题上0分，共6分。）

12、

A^It'stoohottogorunning.

B、Shealreadywentjogging.

C、Herjoggingsuitisn'twarmenough.

D^Shewantstoexercisebeforesheruns.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A^It'sjustpastteno'clock.

B、Thereisnottimetotalk.

C、Sheneedsalittlemoretime.

D、Sheneedsmoretimetoprepare.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A^Hedoesn'twanttotakeanymoresciencecourses.

B.Hehasn'ttakenenoughcoursesinbiology.

C、Hisgradesinsciencecoursesaregood.

D、Helikesto（akemoreofsuchcourses.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A^Pay'moreattentiontothemusic.

B、Atoptalkingsomuch.

C、Playthemusicmorequietly.

Lookatsomethingfortheman.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Jackdoesn'tknowtheway.

B、She'llsendJackaway.

C、Jackwillbelate.

D、Jacklivestoofaraway.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、8:10.

B、8:20.

C、8:30.

D、8:40.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题1.0

分，共3分。）

18、

A、Toseehowcertainchemicalsproducedifferentflavors.

B、Todetermineifapersoncandistinguishsaltyandsweetsolutions.

C、Tomapthelocationoftastebuds.

D、Tocountthenumberoftastebuds.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Justfiveminutes.

B、Slightlylessthananhour.

C、Betweenoneandtwohours.

D、Alittlemorethan（wohours.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A^Thattastebudsaren'tlocatedonlyonthetongue.

B、Thattastebudsaren'tallthesamesize.

C、Thatsolutionsmustbemeasuredandmixedcareful.

D^Thaiheshouldn'tswallowthesolutions.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

21、

A、Tofindoutifthebooksheorderedisin.

B、ToaskhimtoattendaStudentFederationmeeting.

C、Togethisscheduleofclassesfornextsemester.

D、Toseeifhehastimetowelcomenewstudents.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、Manyofthemworkfull-time.

B、Theyusuallyarriveonfileweekend.

C、Theyhavevolunteeredfor（heorientation.

D、Theywillneednewtextbooks.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、

A、TakeRuth'splaceasatourguide.

B、AskKenifhewillbeattheorientation.

C、Leaveworkearlyifhecan.

D^Helpoutwhenhehastime.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Orientationwillhavetostartsooner.

B、Thebookstorewillplaceitsordersearlier.

C、KenwillcallTimabouttheorientation.

D^TheStudentFederationwillmeetonFridays.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题1.0

分，共6分。）

25、

A、Tointroduceanimporlantauthor.

B、Tocomparetwodifferentformsofwriting.

C、TodiscussthedifferencesbetweenNorthernandSouthernwriters.

D^Toexplainwhyaparticularbookwaswritten.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：土旨题。本文在介绍HarrietBeecherStowe的作品和生平。美键句在

文章开头：...let'stakealook...atHarrietBeecherStowe...Stoweisbestknownfbrher

novelUncleTom'sCabino

26、

A、Itdoesn'tincludetheuseofdialect.

B、ItisconsideredStowe'sbestwrittenwork.

C、Itwasnotpublishedinthenineteenthcentury.

D^ItwasStowe'smostpopularwork.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：理解题。B为干扰项，其内容不够准确.关键点在：Stoweisbest

knownfbrhernovelUncleTom'sCabin...Thebookwasextremelypopular...

27、

A、TogiveanexampleofsomeonewhowasthesubjectofoneofStowe'sbiographies.

B、Togiveanexampleofanotherauthorwhousedlocaldialectinhiswriting.

C、TosuggestthathisworkwaslesspopularthanStowe's.

D^TopointoutanotherauthorwhowroteaboutNewEngland.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。在谈到HarrietBeecherStowe的作品时，为进一步表明她是

最早使用方言的作家.早到何种程度,以另一位在作品中也使用方言的著名作家

MarkTwain为例，HarrietBccchcrStow比MarkTwain早三十多年。A,C>D项的

内容与文章内容不符合。

28、

A、A(ermforatypeofbank.

B、Aspecialplaceforpigs.

C、Akindofiron.

D、Atheoryabout(heeconomyof(heMiddleAges.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨题。文章一开始就谈到了thetermPiggyBank…thesimplepiggy

bankisseenasthesymbolofsavingandfrugality,fbrputtingawayfundsforarainy

day,orbuildinganesteggfbrlife'ssuddenmoneyneeds,及结尾的thepopularpiggy

bankhasalwaysbeenasymbolofsavingmoney都点明了性质及用途，这是有关银行

名字来历的介绍。B,C,D的内容与文章内容无关。

29、

A,Money.

B、Pottery.

C、Bricks.

D、Nests.

标准答案：B

知识点解析；细节题。考杳是否听懂并记住Itwasusedinmakingdishes,cups,

potsandjars.B项中的Pottery也就是dishes,cups»potsandjars的总称。

30、

A、Ithelddirtwell.

B、Itwaslong-lasting.

C、Itsymbolizedwealth.

D、Itwasinexpensive.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：因果判断题。中世纪时，由于矿物质稀少而昂贵，他们极少用于家用

器皿的大批量生产中，而在西欧橘色陶土资源丰富，价格便宜，所以陶艺工人用它

来制作家用陶瓷器皿。（...minedmetalwasscarceandexpensive,thereforewasrarely

usedinthemanufactureofhouseholdutensils.Thetypeoforangeclay,knownof

pygg,speltp-y-g-g,wasmoreabundantandeconomicalthroughoutWestern

Europe.）

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

31、

A、Kid'splayballoons.

B、Weatherballoons.

C、Balloonsforsafetypatrols.

D、Balloonsforrecreation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A、Theyareimpossibletoguide.

B、Theymaygoupinflames.D}Theyarecheaplymade.

C、Theytendtoleakgas.

D^Theyarecheaplymade.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、

A^Watchfbrchangesinweather.

B、Watchtheiraltitude.

C、Checkfbrweakspotsintheirballoons.

Testthestrengthoftheropes.

标准答案：A

知识点解析；暂无解析

34、

A、Oneday.

B、Sixdays.

C、Threedays.

D、Elevendays.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、听力复合式听写（本题共“题，每题九0分，共

〃分。）

Dalianurgentlyneedstoestablisha[BI]oftalentedpeopletomeetthe

challengesintheworldmarket.Ataconferenceonthecity's[B2]lastSaturday,

BoXilai,thecity'smayor,expressedhisconcernabouttile"[B3]personnel

withbackwardknowledge"."Wedonothaveenoughpeoplegoodatforeignlanguages

andforeigntradeorcomputerskill,"hesaid.TobuildDalianintoamodem[B4]

city,"wemustopenthedoor(oreceivetalentsfromallfields,"hesaid.Thecity

needsmanagerialexpertsforthe[B5]departmentsinthemunicipalgovernment

andenterprises.Italsowantsspecialexpertsto[B6]technicalproblems.

Overseas-returnedstudents,professionalsandexpertsathomeandabroadareonthe

wish-list[B7]upbytilemunicipalgovernment.Preferentialpolicieshavebeen

workedouttohelpskilledpeople.【B8】inthecity.[B9].Theywill

alsobeprovidedwithspecialfunds.Scientistsengagedinnewandhightechnologyare

encouragedtoputtheirfindingsintopracticaluse.Theyarebeinggiventhefighttohold

morethan30percentsharesincooperativeprojects.[BIO]Theseenterprises

areexemptfromtaxation.Theyarealsogivenspecialtreatment,suchaslowrentfor

workshopsandreducedlandfees.[BlI],accordingtotheregulationsmade

publicearlierthismonth.

35、[Bl]

标准答案：reservoir

知识点解析：名词。水库。此处为建立一个人才库。

36、[B2]

标准答案：personnel

知识点解析：名词。全体人员。此处指全市人民代表大会。

37、[B3]

标准答案：aging

知识点解析：现在分词。成熟。即有背景知识的成熟人员。

38、[B4]

标准答案：iniernalional

知识点解析：形容词。国际化的，国际的。把大连建设成为一个现代化的国际城

市。

39、[B5]

标准答案：administrative

知识点解析：形容词。管理的，行政的。行政部门，管理部门。

40、[B6]

标准答案：tackle

知识点解析：动词。处理。此句为需要特殊专家处理技术问题。

41、[B7]

标准答窠：drawn

知识点解析：过去分词。Draw叩意为“草拟”，此处为市政府草拟的需求名单。

42、[B8]

标准答案：settle

知识点解析：动词。定居，居住

43、[B9]

标准答案：Professionalswillbepaidfortheirtechnologicalinventionsandpatentsif

theyputthemintoproductioninthecity.

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[BIO]

标准答案：Apioneeringparkhasbeensetuptohelpoverseas-returnedstudentssetup

(heirownenterprises.

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[Bill

标准答案：Thosewhoworkintownshipenterprisesmayhavetheirfamiliesresettledin

(hedowntownareaof(hecity.

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读(选词填空)(本题共10题，每题分，共

10分。)

I'musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyresearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeither

happierorunhappierormoreorlesscertainof(hemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.

Whileanyofthese[SI]mightbetrue,theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprove

[S2].Still,Iwas[S3]byareportwhichconcludedthattoday's

childrenaresignificantlymore[S4]thanchildreninthe1950s.Infact,the

analysisshowed,normalchildrenaged9to17[S5]ahigherlevelofanxiety

todaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedfor[S6]illness50yearsago.Whyare

America'skidssostressed?Thereportcitestwomaincauses:increasing[S7]

isolation-broughtonbyhighdivorceralesandlessinvolvementincommunity,

amongotherthings-andagrowing[S8]thattheworldisamoredangerous

place.Giventhatwccan'tturntheclockback,adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenext

generationcope.Atthetopofthelistisnurturingabetterappreciationofthelimitsof

individualism.Nochildisanisland.Strengtheningsocialtieshelpsbuildcommunities

andprotect[S9]againststress.Tohelpkidsbuildstrongerconnectionswith

others,youcan[S10]theplugsonTVsandcomputers.Yourfamilywillhave

moretimeforface-to-facerelationships,andtheywillthankyoulater.A)physicalB)

allergyC)anxiousD)medicallyE)struckF)mentalG)resistH)statementsI)pullJ)

incidenceK)scientificallyL)individualsM)treatmentN)perceptionO)exhibit

46、[SI]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[S2]

标格答案：K

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、[S3]

标准答案.F

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、[S4]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

50、[S5]

标准答案：O

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、(S61

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、[S7]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、[S8]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、[S9]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：暂无解析

55、[S10]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：暂无解析

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共I。题，每题

分，共10分。）

Themostprevalentuseofintelligencetestscoresistopredictdegreeofacademic

success.Suchscoresareusedinsomecommunitiesasbasesforadmittingablechildren

toschoolsatagesyoungerthannormal,andtheyareverygenerallyusedtodetermine

admissionstoschoolsbeyondpublicsecondaryschool.Anotherusecommonin

elementaryschoolsinvolvescomparingsuchscoreswithperformancesinvarious

subjectstoidentifychildrenv/hoareworkingbelowcapacity.Thegreatestproblemin

usingintelligencetestsforthepurposeofpredictionisthatnodependablecriterionof

theiraccuracyexists.Theidealcriteriawouldbeobjectiveandreliableachievementtests

followinginstructionineachsubject,buttherearefewsuchtests,especiallyatthe

collegelevel.Studieshaveshownthatcorrelationsbetweenintelligencetestsand

achievementtestsinvarioussubjectsthroughsecondaryschoolrangeroughlyfrom0.5to

0.8.Suchcorrelationsarcfairlyhigh,buttheydonotsuggestanywherenearcomplete

agreement.Atthecollegeleveltherearctwomajortestsusedascriteriaofadmission.By

farthemoreimportantistheCollegeEntranceExamination,constructedbythe

EducationalTestingServiceauthorizedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoard.

ThesetestsarereturnedtotheEducationalTestingServicefbrscoring,andtheresultsare

（henmadeavailabletothevariouscollegesauthorizedbythestudentstoreceivethem.

ThesecondtestofthistypeistheAmericanCollegeTest,whichoperatesinessemially

thesamefashion.Bothtestsconstitutemeasuresofcertainskills,abilities,andknowledge

thathavebeenfoundtoberelatedtosuccessincollege.Theircorrelationswithacademic

successarclimitedforthreeoutstandingreasons.First,measuresofachievementin

collegearethemselvesperhapsnomorereliablethanthoseinelementaryandsecondary

schools.Second,intellectualfactorsdonotalonedetermineacademicsuccess,especially

atthecollegelevel.Manystudentsdropoutofschoolsbecausetheyareinadequately

motivatedorbecausetheydisliketheinstructionalprogramme.Third,correlationsare

loweredbecausetheuseofsuchtestsfordenyingadmissiontosomestudentsmeansthat

therangeofscoresforthoseadmittedisrestricted,andsuchrestrictionstendtoreduce

correlation.

56>TheintelligencescorescanbeusedinthefollowingwayEXCEPT.

A、tellinginadvancethedegreeofacademicsuccess

B、admittingimelligenlchildren(oschoolat(heageyoungerthanordinary

C、findingoutchildrenwithlowerabilityinprimaryschools

D、selectingpupilsbypublicsecondaryschools

标准处安.D

知识,解析：暂无解析

57、Theidealcriteriainusingintelligencetestsforpredicationshouldbe.

A^accuratecollegetests

B、objectiveandreliableachievementtests

C、objectiveandreliableintelligencetests

D、aseriesofobjectivemultiplechoices

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

58、Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?

A^Idealcriteriafbrobjectiveandreliableachievementtestsincollegecoursesatehard

tofind.

B、Intelligencetestscorescanaccuratelypredictthedegreeofacademicsuccess.

C、Thecorrelationsbetweenintelligencetestsandachievementtestsarelowestin

collegecourses.

D、Thehighcorrelationsbetweenintelligencetestsandachievementtestsinsecondary

schoolgainuniversalrecognition.

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

59、TheresultsoftheCollegeEntranceExaminationwillbe.

A、senttothecollegesthatthestudentschose

B、moreimportanttothestudentsthan(heAmericanCollegeTest

C、decidedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoard

D^usedascriteriaoftheAmericanCollegeTest

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

60、Thecorrelationsbetweentwocollegeadmissiontestsandacademicsuccessin

collegearelimitedforthereasonthat.

A、manystudentsdropoutofschools

B、studentsarenotadequatelymotivated

C^intellectualfactorsarcmoreimportantforstudentsthanwhentheywereinprimary

andmiddleschools

D、measuresofcollegeachievementareunreliablelikethoseinprimaryandmiddle

schools

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Itwouldseemthat"teaching"emotionalintelligencechallengesallthebasicbeliefsofthe

currentparadigm（范例J）ofschool-basedlearning.Nottomentionwidelyextendingthe

remit（职权范围）ofschoolintermsofcontentandform,inparticularmodifyingthe

relationshipbetweenlifeandschool.Manyteachersandparentsalikemightwellinsist

thatsuchlearningisnotaquestionforschools,butrathertheresponsibilityofparents.

Butthefamilyisnolongerthsidealplaceforit.IntheWesternworld,themajorityof

familieshaveshrunkfromanextendedcommunitytoitsstrictminimum,andmuchless

timeisspentinthefamilythaninschool.What'smore,parentsarenotalwaysina

positiontocopewithsucherriotionalskills.Scientificresearch,inparticularonhowthe

brainworks,indicates（hattheformationofemotionalskillsismucheasierin（he

"formative"yearsfrombirth（othelaterteens.Lookingatexistingstructures,schoolis

themajoractivityinthatagegroup.However,emotionsrarelyhaveaplaceinschools.

Beyondinfantschoolandearlyprimaryschool,almostalleffortsareconcentratedon

cognitive（认知）skills.What'smore,thereislittleornothinginthestandardtrainingof

teachers