江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中统考英语试题（原卷版）

2/2江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中统考英语试题测试时间120分钟全卷满分150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMostofusareawarethatwemusttakecareoftheenvironment,andthemajorityofustakestepstosaveenergyandreducewasteandpollution.Butrecentlysome“greentruths”havebeenshowntobeonlyhalftrue,orevencompletelyfalse.Herearesomecommonones.Whicharereallygreen??It’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath.Itdependsonhowlongyouspendintheshowerandhowlargeyourbathis.Ifyouspendmorethaneightminutesinashower,you’lluseasmuchwaterasinabathabout50litresofwater.Therefore,thekeyistokeepyourshowertimeasshortaspossible.?Eatinglocalfoodisgoodfortheenvironment.Itseemslikecommonsense:eatinglocalfoodshouldbebetterfortheenvironment,becauseitdoesnotneedtobetransportedlongdistancesandkeptcoldduringtransport.Unfortunately,itisnotthatsimple.Insomecases,localproducemighthaveusedmoreenergyandproducedmoregreenhousegasesthanproducegrownalongwayaway.?_____________________________Whenwetunoffadevice,suchastelevision,itgoesintostand-bymode.Devicesinthismodestillusepower,andolderdevicesinstand-bymodecanuseevenmore.Thishappensbecauseelectricitycontinuestoleakfromthedevice,evenwhenitisturned“off”.Tomakesureyourappliancesareinfactoff,removetheplugfromitspowersupply.EnvironmentalawarenessisnowpartofdailylifeButit’sworthcheckingcommonideasandopinionstoseewhat’sreallygreen.1.Whatfoodismoreenvironmentallyfriendly?A.Italldepends. B.Noneofthem.C.Localproduce. D.Non-nativefood.2.Whichofthefollowingbestsuitstheblank?A.Whenyouturnoffadevice,itstillusespower.B.Whenyoutunoffadevice,itstopsusingpower.C.Unpluggingadeviceisbetterthanturningoffadevice.D.Goingintostand-bymodeisbetterthanturningoffadevice.3.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Totellthetruthaboutsome“greentruths”.B.Tocallonpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.C.Toexplainthesignificanceofenergy-saving.D.Topresentsomepracticalwaystoreducewaste.BRachelCarsonwasascientistbyprofession,butthelinesfromtheopenchapterofher1962bookSilentSpring.“AFableforTomorrow”,showhertalentasawriter.Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalert(使警惕)notonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothegeneralpublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonnaturalecosysteminparticular,totheharmfuluseofpesticides(杀虫剂),suchasDDT.Shebelievedthatthechemicalindustrywasknowinglycausingharmtoplants,animalsandevenhumans,andwishedtoseepesticidesusedinamoreresponsible,limitedandcarefullymonitoredway.Carsonurgedpeopletomakethemselvesawareofthefactsanddosomethingaboutthesituation.SilentSpringcontainsalotofscientificresearchandcasestudies.Thebookdetailstheprogrammeofremovinggypsymoth,whichkilledbirds,inadditiontokillinggypsymoths.Anothercasestudywasthefire-antprogrammethatkilledcows,butnotfireants.Thebookalsogivesdozensofotherexamplesofremovalprogrammesthatdidnothingtoreducetheproblemstheywereoriginallydesignedtosolve.The50orsopagesattheendofthebooklistCarson’ssource,showinghowthoroughandpreciseshewasasascientist.SilentSpringwasnot,however,receivedpositivelybyeveryone.ThoughCarson’sresearchwasstrongandwassupportedbymostscientistswhoreviewedherbook,thebookquicklybecameatargetforcriticsinthepesticideindustry.TheysaidthatCarsondidnotunderstandthesciencebehindherargumentsbecauseshewasamarinebiologistratherthanachemist.Somealsosaidthatherworkwasmoreemotionalthanscientific.ThesewereattemptstodamageCarson’sreputation(名声)andstopherfrominfluencingpublicpolicy,butsheremaineddeterminedtostandbyherresearch.Carsonappearedinpublicandontelevisiontodefendherclaimsandtoday,morethan50yearsafteritwaspublished,thevoiceofSilentSpringisstillringingloudandclear.4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthepassage?①Backgroundofthebook②Featuresofthebook③Purposesofthebook④ResponsestothebookA.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④5.SomepeoplequestionedCarson’sideasbecausetheythought________.AshelackedsufficientevidenceB.shewasignorantoftruescienceC.shewasanxioustogetthecreditD.shewasunprofessionalinthatfield6.SilentSpringisabookthat________.A.revealshumanstobetheruleroftheworldB.chargespesticideindustrywithimmoralactC.illustratesthepotentialdangerofpesticidesD.requestspeopletoappreciatethebeautyofspring7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeCarson?A.Scientificandforward-looking. B.Ordinaryandresponsible.C.Courageousandwell-educated. D.Intelligentandadventurous.CFlowerscents(香味)helppollinators(传粉者)locatetheirfavoriteplants.Scientistshaveestablishedthatairpollutantschangethosescents,throwingoffthetrackingabilitiesofsuchbeneficialinsectsashoneybees.Butnewlabexperimentsarethefirsttoconfirmthatonepollinator,thetobaccohawkmoth,canquicklylearnthatapollution-changedscentcomesfromthejasminetobaccoflowerthattheinsectlikes.ChemicalecologistMarkusKnadenandcolleaguesfocusedononepollutant-ozone,themainelementinsmog.Inthelab,histeamblewanozone-changedscentfromatinytubeintoatunnel,withamoth(飞蛾)awaitingatthefarendofthetunnel.Usually,whenthemothsmellstheunchangedscent,itfliesupwindandusesitslong,skinnymouthpartstoprobethetubethewaythatitwouldaflower.Theresearchersexpectedthatthechangedscentmightthrowthemothoffalittle.Buttheinsectwasn’tattractedatall.Inadditiontoscent,tobaccohawkmothstrackflowersvisually,soKnaden’steamusedthefeature,alongwithasweetsnack,totrainthemothtobeattractedtoapollution-changedscent.Theresearcherswrappedabrightly-coloredartificialfloweraroundthetubetotrickthemothbackacrossthetunnel,despitetheunfamiliarscent.Andtheteamaddedsugarwatertotheartificialflower.Afteramothwasgivenfourminutestotastethesweetstuff,itwasattractedtothenewsmellwhensentintothetunnel15minuteslater,evenwhenneitherthesugarwaternorthevisualsignaloftheartificialflowerwaspresent.Thisstudyfocusedononlyonemothspecies,butKnaden’steamisnowworkingonplanningexperimentswithotherpollinatorsthatareeasiertofollowthantobaccohawknoths.Whileheguesseshoneybeesmightalsobeasadaptableasthemothwas,thatwon’tbetrueofeverypollinator.“Thesituationcanbecomeverybadforinsectsthatarenotascleverorcannotseethatwell.Idon’twantthetake-homemessagetobethatpollutionisnotaproblem.”8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“probe”inparagraph2mean?A.Surround. B.Favour. C.Access. D.Examine.9.Accordingtothepassage,________.A.notallmothswereattractedtoozone-changedscentasexpectedB.thecurrentresearchconductedbyKnadenispioneeringandwide-rangingC.notallpollinatorsareadaptabletohuman-drivenchangestotheirenvironmentD.themothdidn’tlikethenewsmellwithoutsugarwaterandartificialflower10.What’sKnaden’sattitudetowardsthefindingofthestudy?A.Positive. B.Cautious. C.Unclear. D.Critical.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Amothcanberidofthetrackingabilitytolocateitsfavouriteplants.B.Amothisabletoestablisharelationshipbetweenpollutionandscents.C.Amothmayoutsmartsmogbylearningtolikepollution-changedscent.D.Amothisbornwithanabilitytoadapttothechangesintheenvironment.DThefirstwide-rangingassessmentofmedicalcrowdfundingintheUnitedStatesshowsthatpeopleinstateswithhighermedicaldebt(债务)andlowerratesofinsurancecoverage(保险范围)aremorelikelytotrytoraisemoneythroughcrowdfundingwebsites,butlesslikelytosucceed.From2016through2020,moremedicalcampaigns(运动)onthecrowdfundingsiteGoFundMewerestartedinlow-incomeandunder-insuredcommunities.Butcampaignsinwealthiercommunitieswithhigherratesofinsurancecoverageraisedsignificantlymoremoney.Mississippi,forexample,hasthehighestpercentageofpopulationwithmedicaldebtandisamongthehighestinpercentageofuninsured,butcrowdfundingcampaignsthereraisedtheleastmoneyofall50states.Vermont,ontheotherhand,raisedthemost.Itspopulationhadoneofthelowestpercentagesofuninsuredpeopleandwasaroundthemiddleastothepercentageofpopulationwithoutmedicaldebt.“Onlythemostsuccessfulcampaignsarestressedonsocialmedia,givingtheimpressionthatcrowdfundingworks,”saysstudycoauthorNorsKenworthy,apubichealthresearcher.But,shesays.weneedtobemore“clear-eyed”aboutcrowdfunding’slimitsandthekindsofgapsitfills.YetevenincountrieslikeCanadaandtheUnitedKingdom,whichhavesomeformofuniversalhealthcarecoverage,studiesofcrowdfundingstresssignificantgaps.Inthosecountries,crowdfindingisoftenforexpensesindirectlyrelatedtoillnessandaccidents,suchaslostwages,transportationandchild-carecosts,Kenworthysays.Accordingtoone2019study,crowdfundinginCanadaforcancer-relatedexpensesislesssuccessfulinareaswithlowereducationandincome.WhileGoFundMe’spreviousCEORoberSolomonhascalledconcernsthatcrowdfundingincreasessocioeconomicinequalities“hogwash”(一派胡言)thenewstudynegatesthat,saysJeremySnyde,aCanadianhealthresearcher,whowasnotinvolvedinthisresearch.“Crowdfundingdependsheavilyonpeernetworksthattypicallyhavesimilarfeatures,includingincome,tothecampaignerthemselves,”saysSnyder,“IfGoFundMehasdatathatsuggestsotherwise,thentheyhaveadutytomakeitpublic.”12.IntheUnitedStates,onlinecrowdfunding________.A.relievesthemedicalproblemofthoseinpovertyB.ridstheunder-insuredstatesofhighmedicaldebtC.deepenshealthcareinequalitiesindifferentareasD.fundsrichcommunitieswithhigherinsurancecoverage13.WhydoestheauthormentionCanadaandtheUK?A.Torevealdifferentpurposesofcrowdfunding.B.Toillustratethenoticeablegapsofcrowdfunding.C.Tofurtherexplorecrowdfundinginothercountries.D.TocomparetheircrowdfundingwiththatintheUSA.14.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Medicalcrowdfundingrarelyhelpsthosewhoneeditmost.B.Socialmediacoversupthetruththatcrowdfundingneverworks.C.TheUSAhasahigherrateofinsurancecoveragelikeCanadaandtheUK.D.Medicalcrowdfundingraisesmoremoneythansocialmediapostssuggest.15.WhichofthefollowingdoesSnydermostprobablyagreewith?A.GoFundMemustprovidemoredatatosupportitsstand.BCrowdfundingnarrowsthefinancialgapamongdifferentclasses.C.Weshouldbemoreawareofcrowdfunding’slimitsandpurposes.D.Withoutpeernetworks,crowdfundingcouldn’tfunctionproperly.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whendidyoulastwritealetter?Properlywriteone-byhand?Inadigitalworld,wheresendingatextoremailisfarmoreconvenientthanusingsnailmail(传统信件),isitstillnecessarytowritewithtraditionalpenandpaper?Well,somepeoplebelievethatwritingstillhasmanybenefits._____16_____Thesedays,Whenpeoplerequestthingsinwriting,atyped,electronicdocumentwillbeaccepted._____17_____Butmakingahandwrittendocumentisunique:Itrequiresplanningandthought,and,aswellaspracticingyourhandwriting,ithelpsyoutorememberspellingandpunctuation（标点）._____18_____Thisisparticularlyrelevantforstudents,wheretypingnotesintoalaptopisthoughttolackthe“tactile(触觉的)feedback”tothebrainthatcontactbetweenpenandpaperdoes.BBCWorklifewebsitequotesHettyRoessingfromtheUniversityofCalgary,whosaysthat“takingnotesbyhandinvolvescognitive(认知的)engagementinsummarizing,paraphrasing,organizing,conceptandvocabularymapping.”Othersagreethathandwritingmayboostfinemotorskillsinyourhandsandfingers.Thereareeverydaybenefitstousingpenandpapertoo.Drawingnotes,shoppinglists,ormessagesonthebackofanenvelopecanstillbeuseful,quickandportable._____19_____PenpalwriterKatherineMollertoldtheBBC:“Inaworldwhereitissoeasytohoponlinetoemailortosendafasttext,itissopersonalandsoprecioustoknowsomeonechosetoturnoffthevirtualworldtospendsometimewithyou.”So,whiledigitalskillsremainimportant,don’twriteoffyourpensandpencilsyet._____20_____A.Afterall,wecan’tignorethebenefitshandwritingbringtous.B.Somaybeit’snottimetothrowawayyourpensorpencilsyet.C.Especiallyifyoursmartphone,tabletorlaptoprunsoutofpower!D.Andwritingalettertoafriendisagoodwaytopractisehandwriting.E.Someexpertsbelieveyourbrainbenefitsfromusingold-fashionedpenandpaper.F.Doingthisonacomputermeansitcouldbesaved,edited,copiedandsentviaemail.G.Butputtingpentopaperinalettertoafriendorlovedonecanprobablyhavethemostimpact.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选可以填入空白处的最佳选项ZhangMengqiu,bornin2002,wontwogoldandthreesilvermedalsinallfiveeventsofthewomen’salpineskiingstandingattheWinterParalympicGames.She____21____viewersbystylingfivedifferenthairdosatawardceremoniesto____22____herconfidence,beauty,aswellasoptimismtowardslife.Zhang,whosufferedfromfunctionalmovementdisorderasaconsequenceofcerebralpalsy(脑瘫),was____23____toAlpineskiinginHebeipara-teamin2016.Zhang’s____24____speedwasslightlyslowerthanothersduetoher____25____disadvantage.Whenshefirsthittheslopes,Zhang____26____shewasaslowlearner.____27____,shedecidedtoputinextrahours____28____tomasterthesport’sskills,believingthat“therearenotmany____29____battlesonecanmeetinlife,soyouneedtosparenoeffortbeforethebattles.”Ayearlater,Zhangwasselectedtothenationalteam.With_____30_____andambition,shebeganto_____31_____atinternationalcompetitions,winningnumerousmajor_____32_____.Duringthecampaign_____33_____300millionpeopleinwintersportsinChina,Zhangimprovedrapidlyinrecentyears.“lamnotgoodat_____34_____butIhopethegoldcanletmorepeopleknowthateffortseventuallywillbeturnedinto_____35_____”Zhangsaid.21.A.conducted B.favoured C.informed D.surprised22.A.track B.process C.reveal D.permit23.A.attached B.glued C.introduced D.devoted24.A.defence B.delivery C.procedure D.reaction25.A.intellectual B.mental C.physical D.emotional26.A.proved B.admitted C.declared D.signalled27.A.Thus B.Instead C.Besides D.Indeed28.A.instore B.incharge C.inpractice D.inturn29.A.appealing B.limited C.further D.significant30.A.talent B.determination C.appreciation D.wisdom31.A.shine B.belong C.quit D.explore32.A.credits B.titles C.affairs D.funds33.A.applying B.involving. C.locating D.benefiting34.A.commenting B.profiting C.expressing D.protesting35.A.trials B.rewards C.awards D.recipes第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。ManyGreekphilosopherswereatthesametimescientists.ThusPlatowasamathematicianandAristotlecontributedtozoology.Aristotle,indeed,startedmethodicalresearch,patiently____36____(collect)materialandlaying____37____(mass)foundations(基础)formodernscience.BeforePlatoandAristotle,therehadbeenscientist-philosophers.Afterthem,Greeksciencemadefurtheradvances.Twomenmaybementionedfor____38____theydidtopushscienceforward.Bothlivedinthe3rdcenturyB.C.Euclidisevennowwell-knownforhisElemerits,atextbookofgeometry(几何学),perhapsthemostsuccessfultextbookever____39____(write),becauseitwasinuseinEnglishschoolsuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.Archimedesdidimportantworknotonlyingeometry,butalsoinarithmetic(算术),mechanicandhydro-static(静水力学).Hediscoveredthatwhen____40____bodyisimmersedinwater,itslossofweightisequaltotheweightofthewaterdisplaced(排水).HeinventedmachineswhichgreatlyhelpedhisnativecityagainsttheRomans.____41____(illustrate)theprincipleofthelever(杠杆),heissaidtotelltheking:“Givemeaplacetostand,andI____42____(move)theworld.”Greeksciencedidnotneglect____43____(apply).Mathematics,thepurestofsciencewasappliedinatleastfivefield.Greekscientistscollectedawealthofmaterialandtriedtofindthepropermethodofdoingscientificwork.Asaresult,theywereabletodeduce(推断)theoriesandbuiltupsystems,____44____hadagreatinfluenceonlaterscientists._____45_____theyfailedtocreateconditionsforthecontinuousgrowthofscience.Itistherethatgreatchangesbeganinthe17thand18thcenturiesanditisthisthatsetoffmodernfromancientscience.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，最近在报纸上读到了高科技给老人带来不便的报道，感到有责任给予老人一定的帮助，请你给校英文报写一封倡议信，呼吁大家一起参与。内容包括：1.倡议的原因；2.如何提供帮助；3.发出呼吁。注意:1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearschoolmates,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LiHua第二节:读后续写（满分25分）47.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Alywanderedtowardthegarden,whereMissStrawbridge,thelandlady,wasplantingflowers.Lastweek,AlyandherparentshadmovedintothehouseinMissStrawbridge’sbackyard.Alywatchedsilentlyuntiltheoldwomanlookedupandasked,“Whythelongface,Aly?”“Therearen’tanykidsaroundheretoplaywith.”saidAly.MissStrawbridge’sbluedeyestwinkled.“YoushouldjustlikeRachelwhousedtolivehere.”saidMissStrawbridge.“Toobadyoutwoyounggirlscouldn’thavelivedhereatthesametime.”“WhatdidRacheldowhenshewasbored?”askedAly.“Sheplantedaflowergardenbytheshed(棚子)inthebackyard.”answeredMissStrawbridge.MissStrawbridgehandedAlyatrowel(铲子)andheldoutaboxofflowers.Fortherestoftheafternoon,Alypulledtheweeds,dugandplanted.Butwhenshesteppedbackandadmiredherblueandyellowflowers,shesmiled.Still,itwastoobadthatRachelwasn’ttheretoshareit.ThenextdayAlywateredherflowers,thenwonderedwhatelseshecoulddo.Shewalkedacrosstheyardtothegarden,whereMissStrawbridgesatreading.Shestoodsilentlyuntiltheoldwomanlookedup.“WhatelsedidRacheldowhenshewasbored?”askedAly.“Shewrotepoetryinherflowergarden.”MissStrawbridgeanswered.“Oneofherpoemevenwonthefirstprizeinacontestatschool.Thebestwaytolearnhowtowritepoetryistoreadpoetry.”ShehandedAlyherbook.Fortherestoftheafternoon,AlylayonherstomachinthecoolgrassnexttoherflowersandreadMissStrawbridge’sbookofp