定语从句语法总结

定语从句语法总结

定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。在定语从句中，

被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词，而引导定语从句的词包括

关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括that/who/whom/which/as,

而关系副词包括when/where/why。引导词通常位于定语从句

之前，而定语从句的位置则紧跟在先行词之后。

定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

限定性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号，而非限定性定语从句和

主句之间则用逗号隔开。在限定性定语从句中，引导词可以直

接引导定语从句，也可以由介词+关系代词引导。介词的选用

可以根据从句中的相关词组确定，通常可以放在关系代词之前,

也可放在从句之尾。非限定性定语从句通常由引导词直接引导。

IliveinahousethatisfarawayfromthecityoInfrontofmy

housestandsabigtree.

Atthegate。thereisanappletreewithmanyapplesonit.

ThisisthemantowhomI?avethebook.

Hehasfivechildrenotwoofwhomarelivingabroad.

Wehavethreebooksononeofwhichareinteresting.

Non-restrictiverelativeclausescanbeintroducedbyany

relativepronounexceptfor"why"and"that"。Theyaresetoffby

commasandprovidenalnabouttheantecedentoTheycanbe

translatedastwoseparatesentences.

Theengineerowhoselegwasbadlyhurtowasquicklysent

tothehospitalo(Thatengineerwasquicklysenttothehospitalo

andtheirlegwasbadlyhurt.)

Innon-restrictiverelativeclausesonorelativepronouncanbe

omitted«includingthosethatnastheobjectsWhenreferringto

peopleo"who"isusedasthesubjectand"whom"isusedasthe

object.

指物作主语时，应使用关系代词which,而关系副词应使

用when或where,且不能省略。例如，themanwhoissitting

onthechairismyfather；thecityowhichisfarawayoisvery

beautifulo当引导非限定性定语从句时，应使用whose,如the

houseowhosewindowfacessouthoismineo

在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的基本用法如下：

who/that指人作主格，代替先行词并作定语从句的主语，不能

省略；whom/who/that指人作宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词

并作定语从句的宾语，当作动宾时关系代词可省略，当作介宾

时，介词不提前时关系代词可省略，介词提前时关系代词不可

省；固定的动词短语不能把动词与介词拆开。例如，theman

whomIspokewithismyteacher；themanwithwhomIspokeis

myteachero

Sheistheperfectcandidatewhomwearelookingfor.

Whoseisusedtoindicatenandisfollowedbyanoun。It

cannotbeomittedinarelativeclausewhereitnsasthesubjector

object(directorindirect)oftheclauseoWhosecanbereplacedby

"ofwhich/whom"or"the+ofwhich/whom”.

Example:Ididn'tfindthedeskwhoselegwasbrokeno

(subject)

HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterdayo(object)

ThebossinwhosecompanyIworkisverykindo(objectofn)

Which/thatareusedtorefertothingsandcannasthesubject

orobject(directorindirect)ofarelativeclauseoTherelative

pronouncanbeomittedwhenitnsastheobjectoftheclauseoIf

thencomesbeforetherelativepronounoitcannotbeomittedand

"which"isused.

Example:Thehousewhich/thatwasdestroyedinthe

earthquakeisweak.

Thepen(which/that)youfoundyesterdayismine.

Thegames(that/which)theyoungmencompetedinwere

difficult.

Thegamesinwhichtheyoungmencompetedweredifficult.

Ascanbeusedtorefertopeopleorthingsandcannasthe

subjectoobjectopredicatenominativeoradverbialinarelative

clauseoItcannotbeomittedandiscommonlyusedinfixedns

。。。n。nn

suchas"thesameoas"“suchas"sooas"asoasand

"asfollows".

Example:Sheisasperfectacandidateaswecouldhopefor.

PeoplewhowerefamiliarwithHillbelievedthathewasan

honestpersonoHillbelievedthatthosewhowerefamiliarwith

himthoughthewasanhonestpersonoThetownIgrewupinhas

undergonesignificantchangesoThisstoneissolargethatnoone

canliftitoChildrenpossessknowledgeequival