北中大中医基础理论双语课件

中医基础理论wangtongIntroduction一、中医理论体系的概念中医学----研究人体生理、病理，以及疾病的诊断和防治以及养生康复等理论方法的一门科学。TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)isasciencewhichitstudieshumanbody’sphysiology,pathology,aswellasdiagnosing,treatmentandpreventionofdisease.中医基础理论----研究和阐明中医学的基本概念、基本知识、基本理论和基本规律的学科。BasictheoryofTCMisasubjectthatitstudiesandclarifiesbasicconception,basicknowledge,basictheoryandbasicruleofTCM.二.Beginning,GrowthandPresentState:1.Thesignofbeginning:<<HuangDiNeiJing>>Time:Morethan2,000yearsago(ChunQiuZhanGuo)Writer:MostofDoctorsContent:SuMenandLingShu

anatomy,physiologyandpathologyofthehumanbody,andthediagnosis,treatmentandpreventionofdiseases二.Beginning,GrowthandPresentStateofTCM<<NanJing>>Published:beforetheHandynasty(206B.C.--220A.D.).Writer:Qin

Yueren.Contents:physiology,pathology,diagnosis,treatmentandsoon,Feature:replenishingwhatHuangDi

Nei

jinglacks.二.Beginning,GrowthandPresentStateofTCM<<Shen

NongBenCao

Jing>>Time:HandynastyWriter:MostofDoctorsContents:365kindsofdrugsFeature:ItistheearliestextantClassicOnmaterialmedicalhandeddownfromthattime.二.Beginning,GrowthandPresentState<<ShanHanZaBingLun>>Writer:ZhangZhongjing,Time:EasternHandynasty(300A.D.),Contents:<<ShangHanLun>><<JinKui

Yao

Lue>>Feature:(1)ItestablishesChinesemedicine’stheoreticalsystemoftreatmentdeterminationbasedonsyndromedifferentiation.(2)Itlaysafoundationforthedevelopmentofclinicalmedicine.二.Beginning,GrowthandPresentStateofTCM2.ThePeriodofDevelopment:(1)Jin,Sui,TangDynasty:<<ZhenJiu

JiaYiJing>>:Acupuncture<<ZhuBingYuanHou

Lun>>:Etiology<<TangBenCao>>:NationalPharmacopeiaText(2)Song,Jin,YuanDynasty:

“FourGreatPhysiciansintheJinandYuanDynasties”:

LiuWansu(LiuHejian):“schoolofcoldmedicine”“Sixclimaticfactorsmayallturnintofire.”“Extremeemotionscanproducefire.”ZhangCongzheng(ZhangZihe):“schoolofattackandpurgation”“Theoccurrenceofadiseasewasduetoinvasionofthebodybyanevil.”“FourGreatPhysiciansintheJinandYuanDynasties”:

LiGao(LiDongyuan):“Schoolofstrengtheningtheearth”“Internaldamageofthespleenandstomachleadstohundredsofdiseases.”ZhuDanxi(ZhuZhenheng):“Schoolofnourishingyin”“Yangiseverinexcesswhileyiniseverindeficiency.”二.Beginning,GrowthandPresentStateofTCM(3)Ming,QingDynasty:“TheDoctrineofWarmDiseases”----treatingexogenousfebrilediseasesWuYouke:<<Wenyi

Lun>>YeTianshi:<<WenReLun>>WuTang:<<WenBingTiao

Bian>>“MingMenTheory”----emphasizetheimportofkidney二.Beginning,GrowthandPresentStateofTCM3.PresentStateofTCM:TCMadvancedtoanewstage:Historicalmedicaltextshavebeenresearched;TCMtheorieshavebeenstudiedbythemodernscientificmeans.三.BasicCharacteristicsofTCM1.TheConceptofWholism“wholeness”:entiretyandunity.TheConceptofWholism:TheconceptofemphasizingtheunitywithinthebodyandtheunifiedrelationsbetweenthebodyandtheoutsideworldisknownastheConceptofWholism.三.BasicCharacteristicsofTCM(1)TheHumanBodyasanOrganicWholeStructure:Thesemutualrelationsandinfluencesarecenteredaroundthefiveviscera（Zang）andcomeintoeffectthroughthemeridians.Physiology:Everyfunctionisacomponentofthegeneralactivity,andeffectstheunityofthewholebody.Pathology:Inter-influencepathologically.DiagnosisandTreatment:throughtheexternalchangesinfivezangs.三.BasicCharacteristicsofTCM(2)TheUnitybetweentheHumanBodytheNature:Humanbody--------correspondingresponsesdirectlyindirectlychanges,movementsinnatureWeatherGeographicandlivingconditionsChangesofdayandnightForExample:Ifitishot,thebodywillsweatforthermolysis;Ifitiscold,morefluidwillbeexcretedintheurine.Moresweats,lessurines----insummer;Moreurines,lesssweats----inwinterSomediseasesmaychangeaccordingtodayornight:Somediseasesaremildinthemorningandgetbecomeworsefromafternoon三.BasicCharacteristicsofTCM2.TreatmentDeterminationBasedonSyndromDifferentiation:“Syndrome”----Itisasummaryofthecause,placeandnatureofadisease,andasituationofmutualconflictbetweenpathogenicfactorsandresistanceabilitytodisease.“SyndromeDifferentiation”:wemeananalysingtherelevantinformation,signsandsymptomscollectedthroughthefourmethodsofdiagnosis(observation,listeningandsmelling,inquiring,pulsefeelingandpalpation)inthelightofthetheoryofTCM,havingagoodideaofthecause,natureandlocationofadisease,andtherelationshipbetweenpathogenicfactorsandthevitalqi,andsummarizingthemintoacertain“syndrome”.“Treatmentdetermination”:includesdecidingonanappropriatetherapeuticmeasureaccordingtosyndromedifferentiation.Relationship:SyndromedifferentiationprerequisitemeansandandbasisexaminationTreatmentdetermination“Treatingthesamediseasewithdifferentmethods”“Treatingdifferentdiseasewiththesamemethods”TCMpaysmoreattentiontodifferencesof“syndromes”ratherthan“diseases”思考题1.中医理论体系形成时代、基础、标志如何？2.“金元四大家”姓名、派别、学术观点如何？3.整体观念的概念是什么？4.如何理解人体是一个有机整体？5.人与自然环境的病理性反应表现在哪些方面？6.病、证、症的区别是什么?7.举例说明”同病异治“与”异病同治“。YinyangandtheFiveElementsDoctrines阴阳五行YinyangandthefiveelementscanbetracedtoancientChinesephilosophy.Yinandyangaretwoaspectsoftheunityofoppositethings.《易传》：“一阴一阳之谓道。”Thefiveelementsincludethemostbasicelementsinnatureandincludewood,fire,earth,metalandwater.Eachhasitsownproperties,andyetpromoteandrestrictoneother.VisceralTheory藏象summarize1.ConceptofZangXiang2.ConceptofZangXiangTheory(VisceralTheory)3.FormationofZangXiangTheory(VisceralTheory)4.ClassificationofViscera5.CharacteristicsofZangXiangTheory(VisceralTheory)Qi,BloodandBodyFluids气血津液Qi,bloodandbodyfluidsarethebasicsubstancesconstitutingthebodyandarethematerialbasefortheorgansandmeridiansincarryingouttheirrespectivephy