新能源汽车专业英语2版 课件18 - 10.1-10.2 什么是智能汽车

本章学习内容本章学习目标10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车

10.3-6EnvironmentPerception,ConnectivityLocation,PathPlanningandMotionControl环境感知、联网、定位、路径规划与运动控制

1.了解智能汽车的基本构成、功能2.了解网联汽车的通信方式，可提供的主要服务项目3.理解自动驾驶汽车的分级和智能汽车环境感知、定位，及路径规划与运动控制原理4.了解智能汽车通信技术Chapter10OverviewofIntelligentVehicles

智能汽车概述本次课学习内容本次课学习目标10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车

1.了解智能汽车的基本构成、功能2.了解网联汽车的通信方式，可提供的主要服务项目Chapter10OverviewofIntelligentVehicles

智能汽车概述NewWordsandPhrases10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？intelligent[ɪn'telɪdʒənt]adj.聪明的；智能的abnormal[æb'nɔ:ml]adj.反常的，异常的equivalent[ɪ'kwɪvələnt]adj.相等的，相当的，等效的auditory['ɔ:dətri]adj.听觉的visual['vɪʒuəl]adj.视觉的，看得见的sensory['sensəri]adj.感觉的，感官的logistics[lə'dʒɪstɪks]n.后勤；物流10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？intelligentvehicle智能汽车，智能车辆equivalentto相当于，等于signallight信号灯signalsign信号标志smartcar智能汽车intelligentrobot智能机器人informationfusion信息融合logisticsmachine物流机械10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？mathematicalalgorithm数学算法artificialintelligence人工智能connectedvehicle网联汽车autonomousvehicle自动驾驶汽车toputitsimply简单地说10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？Anintelligentvehicleisequippedwithsomedevicessuchascomputersandautomaticcontrolsystemsandhassomecomplicatedcomputerprograms.Thus,thesedevicesareequivalenttotheeyes,brainandfeetofthedriver.So,thiskindofcarwouldbelikeahumanthatcan"think","judge"and"move",canseesignallightsandsigns,canstart,accelerateandbrakeautomatically,andcanavoidobstaclesonthegroundautomatically.Thatistosay,theintelligentvehiclehasthefunctionssuchasintelligentdriving,automaticmonitoringofvehicledrivingconditionsandsafecontrolofabnormalworkingconditions.10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？Anintelligentvehiclenotonlycanautomaticallyidentifytheroadconditionsandtrafficinstructions,butalsocanrealizeintelligentidentificationandevaluationoftherunninganddrivingstateofitsownvehicle.Additonally,itcanbeperfectlyintegratedwithintelligenttransportation.Ofcourse,suchacarmusthavenear-idealsafety,comfortandenvironmentalprotection.10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？Fromapurelytechnicalpointofview,thesmartcarmusthavethecharacteristicsofanintelligentrobot,withvisualandauditorysensoryfunctions.Italsohasanear-perfectcombinationofsensors,computersandmovementcontrolsystems(seeFigure10.1).Thesensorsignalsaredeliveredtotheon-boardmicroprocessorfordataprocessing,calculation,storage,decisionandinstructionoutput.Thedisplay,soundandservocontrolmechanismcanrealizedisplayoutput,soundprompt,aswellasvehiclespeedandstatecontrolundercontrolinstruction.10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？Figure10.1Configurationofintelligentconnectedvehicle10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？Toputitsimply,anintelligentvehicleisaperfectlogisticsmachinebasedonmodernsensing,informationfusion,mathematicalalgorithm,microelectronics,computer,automation,artificialintelligenceandcommunicationtechnologiesfusedtogetherunderthenetworkenvironment.Somemodernvehicleshavesomeextentofintelligenceandconnectivitywithothervehicles,infrastructures,networksandsoon.Theseintelligentvehiclesarealsoreferredtoasintelligentconnectedvehicles(ICVs),automateddrivingvehicles(ADVs),connectedandautomatedvehicles(CAVs)orautonomousvehicles(AVs).10.1WhatisanIntelligentVehicle?什么是智能汽车？Inaword,intelligentconnectedvehiclesrefertoanewgenerationofvehiclewhichisequippedwithadvancedvehiclesensors,controllers,andactuatordevices,fusesmoderncommunicationandnetworktechnologies,realizestheintelligentinformationexchangeandsharingbetweenvehicleandeverything(othervehicles,road-sideunits,pedestrians,cloud,etc.),andhascomplexenvironmentperception,intelligentdecision-making,cooperativecontrolandotherfunctions,canperformsafe,efficient,comfortable,energy-savingdriving,andultimatelyrealizesdriverlessautomatedoperation.10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车infrastructure['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)]n.基础设施suitability[ֽsju:tə'bɪlətɪ]n.合适，适合telecommunication[ֽtelɪkəֽmju:nɪ'keɪʃn]n.电信latency['leɪtənsɪ]n.潜伏violation[ֽvaɪə'leɪʃn]n.违反，违背，侵犯curve[kɜ:v]n.弯道，曲线harmonization[ֽhɑ:mənaɪ'zeɪʃn]n.和谐，协调NewWordsandPhrases10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车evacuation[ɪֽvækjʊ'eɪʃn]n.疏散breakdown['breɪkdaʊn]n.损坏，故障shuttle['ʃʌtl]n.短程穿梭运输工具showcase['ʃəʊkeɪs]vt.使展现，在玻璃橱窗陈列platoon[plə'tu:n]n.排corridor['kɒrɪdɔ:(r)]n.走廊，通道convoy['kɒnvɔɪ]n.护航队，护送10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车state-of-the-art最新式的，最先进的inplatoon成排inconvoy结伴，同行unmannedvehicle无人驾驶汽车videocamera摄像头，摄像机drivingmode驾驶模式10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车DSRC（dedicatedshort-rangecommunication）专用短程通信V2V（vehicle-to-vehicle）车辆与车辆之间的V2I（vehicle-to-infrastructure）车辆与基础设施之间的RSE（roadsideequipment）路侧设备LiDAR（lightdetectionandranging）光探测与测距，激光雷达EUITS欧盟智能交通系统10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车unmanned[ֽʌn'mænd]adj.无人驾驶的camera['kæmərə]n.照相机，摄像机，摄像头narrative['nærətɪv]adj.叙述的，叙事体的fallback['fɔ:lbæk]n.应变计划，退路intervention[ֽɪntə'venʃn]n.介入，干涉，干预10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车communicationlink通信链路，通信连接装置backoffice后台，后端，后台管理系统cloudservice云（端）服务cellulartechnology蜂窝技术makeuseof利用wide-areawireless广域无线electronictollcollectionsystem（通行费）电子征费系统10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车roadsideequipment路侧设备trafficinformation交通信息trafficsignal交通信号chargingstation充电站carbonfootprint碳足迹remotedoorlock/unlock遥控上锁/开锁cartracking车辆跟踪10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车automatedhighwaysystem公路自动化系统shuttlebus区间公共汽车inquestion讨论中的atatime每次freightvehicle货车passengercar客车，乘用车roadtrain公路列车10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Withtheconnectedvehicle,theabilitytoestablishareliabletwowaycommunicationchannelbetweenthedriverandaninformationtechnologyinfrastructureholdsthepromiseofsubstantialadvancesinsafety,efficiency,anduserexperience.Thereismorethanonewayfortechnologytosupportthetwo-waycommunicationlinkwithdifferentapproacheshavingdifferentcapabilitiesandsuitabilityfordifferentapplications.10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Withrespecttotheautonomousvehicle,therearepotentialgainsinsafetyanduserexperiencebyintroducingvehiclesthatarecapableofdrivingthemselves.10.2.1ConnectedVehicle网联汽车Theconnectedvehiclecanbeviewedasoneelementintheultimateconnectedtransportationsystem,throughwhichthevehicleisconnectedtoabackofficeinfrastructureandtoothervehicles*1（seeFigure10.2）.10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车a)UsingeitherroadsideDSRCtechnologyorcellulartechnology(makinguseofcloudservices)b)Usingvehicle-to-vehiclecommunicationsFigure10.2Connectedvehicles10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Theconnectedvehicleinvolvestheuseofwirelesstelecommunicationsalongwithin-vehicleequipmenttosupportatwo-waydataexchangebetweenthevehicleandthebackoffice.Therearetwomajorapproachestotheestablishmentandoperationofthewirelesslinkbetweenthevehicleandbackoffice:•Wide-areawireless;•Dedicatedshort-rangecommunication(DSRC).10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Thewide-areawirelessapproachtotheconnectedvehicleinvolvestheuseofwide-areawirelessviacellularwirelessservicestoenableatwo-waycommunicationlinkbetweenthebackofficeandthevehicle.Inthiscase，theinfrastructuretosupportcommunicationstoandfromthevehicleisalreadyinplaceintheformofwirelessnetworks.Thesewirelessservicesareutilizedtosupportcloud-basedbackofficeapplications.10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车TheDSRCapproach,asitsnamesuggests,makesuseofadedicatedcommunicationlinkbetweentheconnectedvehicleandroadsideinfrastructure.Thisapproachbuildsonyearsofexperiencethathavebeenaccumulatedintheapplicationofelectronictollcollectionsystems*2.Theadvantageofthisapproachisthatthetechnologycansupporthigh-speed,high-reliability,andlow-latencycommunicationstoandfromthevehicle.Thedisadvantageofthisapproachistheneedtoinstallroadsideequipment(RSE)atregularintervalsalongroads.10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Theshort-rangecommunicationsprovidedtypicallyenablevehiclestotalktoanRSEunitoverarangeofaboutakilometer.Theapproachalsorequirestheinstallationofspecialequipmentinthevehicletoenablecommunicationswiththeroadsideinfrastructure.Manyoftheapplicationsrequirehigh-speed,lowlatency,reliablecommunicationsbetweenvehicleandroadsideandvehicletovehicleofthetypethatonlyDSRCcancurrentlyprovide,makingthatthebestchoicefortheseapplications*3(Table10.1).10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车TypesServiceitemsV2IsafetyRedlightviolationwarningCurvespeedwarningReducedspeed/workzonewarningV2VsafetyForwardcollisionwarningBlindspot/lanechangingwarningDon’tpasswarningVehiclerightturninginfrontofbuswarningMobilityIntelligenttrafficsignalsystemCooperativeadaptivecruisecontrolEmergencycommunicationandevacuationDynamicridesharingTable10.1SomeDSRC-supportedservices10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车However,theautomotiveindustryhasalreadymovedaheadwithsomeearlymarketservicesthatdon’trequirethekindofhighspeedandlowlatencyofDSRCandcanthusbesupportedbycellularwirelessandcloud-basedservices*4(Table10.2).10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Table10.2Somecloud-basedconnectedvehicleservicesServiceitemsSafetySpeed,distanceadviceTrafficsignviolationwarningCarbreakdownwarningLateralcollisionwarning,cooperativelanechange,mergingassistanceAutomaticcallforassistanceintheeventofacrash(i.e.,eCall),breakdownrescueElectricvehiclesNearestchargingstationwithtariffinformationSchedulingchargingslotEstimatedrivingrangeandbatterychargestatusCarbonfootprintNavigationGetdirections,mapsinrealtimeCongestion/accidentalerts/re-routingadviceWeather/roadconditionalertsPreferredrouteswithincity/parkingguidance10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车10.2.2AutonomousVehicle自动驾驶汽车Anautonomousvehicleisonethatiscapableofoperatingwithoutadriver.Attheturnofthetwentiethtotwenty-firstcentury,thistechnologywasreferredtoasanautomatedhighwaysystem,andsignificantdemonstrationsofittookplaceinboththeUnitedStatesandEurope.Atthetime,itwasconsideredthatthebestwaytoachievedriverlessoperationwastheuseofmagneticmarkersinsertedintotheroadsurface,althoughresearchhadalsostartedintotheuseofvideoandlightdetectionandranging(LiDAR)sensorstoenablevehiclestooperateindependentlyoftheroadinfrastructure.10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Todaytherearecars,trucks,andbusescapableofcompletelyautonomousoperationusingacombinationofonboardsensorsandcomputers.In2015,onesuchvehiclewasdemonstratedattheIntelligentTransportationSystemsWorldCongressinBordeaux,France.Thevehicleinquestionwasashuttlebusdesignedtocarry12peopleatatimewithnoneedforadriver.Figure10.3showsaphotographofthevehicleinoperationtakeninSanSebastian,Spain.10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Figure10.3EasyMileautomatedshuttleinoperationinSanSebastian,SpainAutonomousvehiclesareinvariousstagesoftesting,withmostmanufacturersagreeingthattheywillbeonthemarketwithinthenextfivetoeightyears*5.Autonomoustechnologycanalsobeappliedtofreightvehiclesandpassengercars.Figure10.4showsaroadtrainofVolvotrucksthatmadeuseofautonomousvehicletechnologytotravelacrossEurope.10.2ConnectedandAutonomousVehicles网联汽车和自动驾驶汽车Aspartofa2016EuropeantruckplatooningchallengeorganizedbytheNetherlandsandshowcasedattheIntertrafficexhibitioninAmsterdam,automatedtrucksfromseveralmanufacturers,includingDAF,Daimler,Iveco,MAN,Scania,andVolvo,usedstate-of-the-arttechnologytodriveinplatoonsonpublicroads,fromvariousEuropeancitiestotheNetherlands*6.TheytraveledonthemainEUITScorridorsliketheNordicLogisticCorridorandtheroutebetweenRotterdam,Fra