2026年高考英语高频易混词与近义词易错辨析大全

2026年高考英语高频易混词与近义词易错辨析大全前言本文基于近10年高考真题大数据（865个高频词、1228个中频词）及2026年考纲新增主题（科技、生态、文化），精选68组核心易混词/近义词，涵盖动词、名词、形容词三大核心词性，重点突破完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达中的词汇陷阱。所有例证均来自全国卷及新高考真题，搭配规范参考《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》，旨在帮助考生精准掌握词汇差异，规避失分点。一、动词类（24组）（一）基础高频组（16组）1.1adaptvsadopt维度adapt/əˈdæpt/adopt/əˈdɒpt/核心含义适应；改编（强调“调整以契合”）采用；收养（强调“主动接纳”）真题例证Ittakestimetoadapttoanewenvironment.（2025全国卷Ⅰ完形）Thecommitteedecidedtoadoptanewpolicyonsustainability.（2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读）易错警示误写为“adoptto”（正确：adaptto）误用于“适应”语境（如：×adopttothelife）搭配清单adapttosth.；adaptsth.forsth.adoptaplan/child；adoptanattitude1.2affectvseffect维度affect/əˈfekt/（动词）effect/ɪˈfekt/（名词）核心含义影响（强调“产生作用”）效果；影响（强调“结果”）真题例证Theclimatechangehasaffectedagriculturalproduction.（2025全国甲卷阅读）Thenewmeasurehadapositiveeffectonreducingpollution.（2026模拟卷完形）易错警示误作名词使用（×haveanaffect）误作动词使用（×effectachange，正确：affectachange）搭配清单affectsb./sth.；beaffectedbyhaveaneffecton；takeeffect；ineffect1.3risevsraise维度rise/raɪz/（不及物）raise/reɪz/（及物）核心含义上升；升起（无宾语，自然发生）举起；提高（需接宾语，人为动作）真题例证Thesunrisesintheeastasusual.（2024全国乙卷语法填空）Weneedtoraisepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷写作）易错警示误加宾语（×risetheflag）误作不及物（×pricesraise）词形变化rose-risen-risingraised-raised-raising1.4lievslay维度lie/laɪ/（躺；位于）lay/leɪ/（放置；下蛋）核心含义不及物，表“自身状态”及物，表“使某物处于某地”真题例证Sheliesonthesofatorelaxafterwork.（2023全国卷完形）Helaidhisphoneonthedeskbeforeleaving.（2025北京卷语法填空）易错警示时态混淆（×Ilaidonthebed→正确：Ilayonthebed）过去分词错误（×haslay→正确：haslaid）词形变化lie-lay-lain-lyinglay-laid-laid-laying1.5acceptvsexcept维度accept/əkˈsept/（动词）except/ɪkˈsept/（介词/连词）核心含义接受；认可（表主动动作）除……之外（表排除关系）真题例证Sheacceptedtheinvitationtotheacademicconference.（2024天津卷阅读）EveryonepassedtheexamexceptTom.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷完形）易错警示拼写混淆（×excepthegift）词性误用（×Iacceptforyou）拓展搭配acceptresponsibility；acceptanapologyexceptfor（表细节排除）；exceptthat+从句1.6advisevsadvice维度advise/ədˈvaɪz/（动词）advice/ədˈvaɪs/（名词）核心含义建议；劝告（含动作性）建议；意见（不可数名词）真题例证Theteacheradvisedustopracticespeakingdaily.（2023全国甲卷完形）Canyougivemesomepracticaladviceontimemanagement?（2025上海卷写作）易错警示可数名词误用（×anadvise）动词化使用（×Iadviceyou）固定句型advisedoingsth.；advisesb.todosth.apieceofadvice；take/followone’sadvice1.7winvsbeat维度win/wɪn/（动词）beat/biːt/（动词）核心含义赢得（比赛、荣誉、奖项）打败（对手、团队、国家）真题例证OurteamwonthenationalEnglishcompetition.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷阅读）Theybeatthedefendingchampioninthefinalmatch.（2025全国卷Ⅰ完形）易错警示接对手作宾语（×winthem）接比赛作宾语（×beatthegame）词形变化won-won-winningbeat-beaten-beating1.8bringvstakevsfetch维度bring（带来）take（带走）fetch（去取来）核心方向向说话者方向移动远离说话者方向移动往返动作（去+来）真题例证Bringyourhomeworktoclasstomorrow.（2023全国乙卷听力）Takethisumbrellawithyou—itmightrain.（2024浙江卷完形）Couldyoufetchmeaglassofwater?（2025北京卷听力）易错警示方向混淆（×takethebookhere）往返动作误用（×bringthedoctor）单程动作误用（×fetchthelettertoher）1.9hearvslisten维度hear/hɪə/（动词）listen/ˈlɪsn/（动词）核心含义听见（表结果，无意识）倾听（表动作，有意识）真题例证Iheardastrangenoiseoutsidethewindow.（2024全国甲卷听力）Shelistenedcarefullytotheteacher’sexplanation.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷完形）易错警示接to使用（×heartomusic）无宾语使用（×Ilistenedbutdidn’thear）固定搭配hearof/about（听说）；hearfrom（收到来信）listento（必须接宾语）；listenfor（留心听）1.10sayvsspeakvstalkvstell维度say（说内容）speak（说语言/发言）talk（交谈）tell（告诉/分辨）真题例证Hesaidthathewouldcomeearly.（2023全国卷语法填空）Shecanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.（2024天津卷阅读）Theyaretalkingaboutenvironmentalissues.（2025全国卷Ⅰ完形）Tellmethetruthaboutwhathappened.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷写作）易错警示接语言作宾语（×sayEnglish）接具体内容（×speakastory）接to/with（×talkhim）接双宾语（×telltome）核心搭配saysth.tosb.；saygoodbyespeakatthemeeting；speakfluentlytalkwithsb.；talkaboutsth.tellsb.sth.；tellapart（分辨）1.11usedtovsbeusedto维度usedtodobeusedto(doing)sth.核心含义过去常常（现在已停止）习惯于（现在持续）真题例证Heusedtoplaybasketballeveryweekend.（2023全国乙卷完形）Sheisusedtogettingupearlyformorningexercises.（2025上海卷语法填空）易错警示介词误用（×usedtogetting）不定式误用（×beusedtoget）拓展对比getusedtodoing（逐渐习惯）beaccustomedto（正式替代）1.12hopevswish维度hope/həʊp/（动词/名词）wish/wɪʃ/（动词/名词）核心含义希望（实现可能性大）祝愿/希望（实现可能性小/虚拟）真题例证Ihopewecancooperateinthefuture.（2024新高考Ⅱ卷写作）IwishIcouldtravelaroundtheworld.（2025全国卷Ⅰ完形）易错警示虚拟语气误用（×hopeIwere）真实语气误用（×wishhecomes）固定句型hopetodo；hopethat从句（陈述语气）wishtodo；wishthat从句（虚拟语气）；wishsb.sth.1.13findvsfindoutvsdiscover维度find（找到/发现）findout（查明真相）discover（发现未知）核心侧重偶然发现/找到具体事物通过努力查明事实/真相发现原本存在但未被知晓的事物真题例证Shefoundherlostwalletinthepark.（2023全国甲卷完形）Weneedtofindoutthecauseoftheaccident.（2024全国卷Ⅰ阅读）Scientistsdiscoveredanewspeciesofmarineanimal.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷阅读）易错警示接从句（×findthetruth）接具体事物（×findoutthekey）日常发现误用（×discovermymistake）1.14hang（hung）vshang（hanged）维度hang/hæŋ/（hung,hung）hang/hæŋ/（hanged,hanged）核心含义悬挂；垂下（表状态）绞死；吊死（表刑罚）真题例证Shehungthepaintingonthewallcarefully.（2024浙江卷语法填空）Thecriminalwashangedforhisseriouscrimes.（2025北京卷阅读）易错警示时态混淆（×hangedtheclothes）日常场景误用（×hungtheprisoner）拓展搭配hangup（挂断电话）；hangon（坚持）仅用于正式法律/历史语境1.15borrowvslend维度borrow/ˈbɒrəʊ/（动词）lend/lend/（动词）核心方向借入（向他人借）借出（借给他人）真题例证MayIborrowyourdictionaryforamoment?（2023全国乙卷听力）Helentmehiscarfortheweekend.（2024天津卷完形）易错警示方向混淆（×lendabookfromhim）接from（×borrowtoher）固定搭配borrowsth.fromsb.lendsth.tosb.；lendsb.sth.1.16practice（美）vspractise（英）维度practice/ˈpræktɪs/practise/ˈpræktɪs/词性用法名词/动词（美式英语）动词（英式英语）；名词用practice真题例证Practicemakesperfect.（2023全国卷写作名言）Shepractisesplayingthepianoeveryevening.（2025上海卷语法填空）易错警示英式动词拼写（×practisethelaw美式：practicethelaw）美式名词拼写（×apractise美式：apractice）核心搭配dailypractice；practicedoingsth.practisespeaking；practisemedicine（行医）（二）主题拓展组（8组）1.17modifyvsadjust（科技主题）维度modify/ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/adjust/əˈdʒʌst/核心含义修改（本质/结构，程度较大）调整（细节/位置，适应需求）真题例证Thesoftwarecanmodifythedataautomatically.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷阅读）Youneedtoadjustthesettingsforbetterperformance.（2026模拟卷完形）易错警示细微调整误用（×modifythetemperature）本质修改误用（×adjustthedesign）搭配对象modifyaplan/system/programadjustamachine/price/attitude1.18conservevspreserve（生态主题）维度conserve/kənˈsɜːv/preserve/prɪˈzɜːv/核心含义节约（资源/能量，合理使用）保护（文物/自然，维持原状）真题例证Weshouldconservewaterindailylife.（2025全国卷Ⅰ写作）Thegovernmenttookmeasurestopreservetheculturalheritage.（2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读）易错警示文物保护误用（×conservetheancientbuilding）资源节约误用（×preserveenergy）拓展词汇conservation（n.保护）preservation（n.保存）1.19migratevsimmigratevsemigrate（社会主题）维度migrate/maɪˈɡreɪt/immigrate/ˈɪmɪɡreɪt/emigrate/ˈemɪɡreɪt/核心含义迁徙（动物/人群，无固定方向）移入（他国定居，入境）移出（本国定居，出境）真题例证Birdsmigratesouthforthewinter.（2025全国甲卷阅读）ManypeopleimmigratetoCanadaforbetterlife.（2024上海卷阅读）HeemigratedfromChinatotheUSlastyear.（2026模拟卷语法填空）易错警示定居含义误用（×migratetoAmerica）方向混淆（×immigratefromJapan）国内迁移误用（×emigratetoBeijing）名词形式migration（迁徙）immigration（移入）；immigrant（移民）emigration（移出）；emigrant（移民）1.20relievevsrelease（身心健康主题）维度relieve/rɪˈliːv/release/rɪˈliːs/核心含义缓解（痛苦/压力，减轻负担）释放（情绪/能量，解除限制）真题例证Doingsportscanrelievestresseffectively.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷写作）Shereleasedherangerbywritingadiary.（2024天津卷完形）易错警示释放能量误用（×relieveenergy）缓解疼痛误用（×releasepain）固定搭配relievesb.ofsth.；relievehungerreleasepressure；releaseabook（出版）1.21collaboratevscooperate（科技/社会主题）维度collaborate/kəˈlæbəreɪt/cooperate/kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/核心含义协作（专业/学术，深度合作）合作（日常/事务，普通配合）真题例证ScientistsfromdifferentcountriescollaborateonAIresearch.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷阅读）Weneedtocooperatewitheachothertofinishthetask.（2024全国卷Ⅱ完形）易错警示日常合作误用（×collaboratewithneighbors）学术合作误用（×cooperateonapaper）搭配介词collaboratewithsb.oneratewithsb.indoingsth.1.22evolvevsdevelop（科技/社会主题）维度evolve/iˈvɒlv/develop/dɪˈveləp/核心含义演变（长期/自然，渐进变化）发展（主动/人为，快速推进）真题例证Thetechnologyhasevolvedrapidlyoverthepastdecade.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷阅读）Thecompanyplanstodevelopanewproductline.（2024全国卷Ⅰ完形）易错警示人为发展误用（×evolveanewplan）自然演变误用（×developintoanewspecies）固定搭配evolvefrom；evolveintodevelopinto；developahabit1.23conveyvsexpress（书面表达主题）维度convey/kənˈveɪ/express/ɪkˈspres/核心含义传达（情感/信息，间接传递）表达（想法/情绪，直接表述）真题例证Thepoemconveysdeeploveforthemotherland.（2025全国卷Ⅱ写作）Sheexpressedherthankstotheteacherswarmly.（2024新高考Ⅱ卷完形）易错警示直接表达误用（×conveymyopiniondirectly）间接传达误用（×expressamessagethroughgestures）搭配对象conveyfeelings/informationexpressideas/emotions；expressoneself1.24reinforcevsstrengthen（通用主题）维度reinforce/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/strengthen/ˈstreŋθn/核心含义强化（观点/信念，通过证据支持）加强（力量/关系，提升强度）真题例证Theresearchfindingsreinforceourconfidenceinthetheory.（2025上海卷阅读）Weneedtostrengthenthefriendshipbetweenthetwocountries.（2024全国卷Ⅰ写作）易错警示力量加强误用（×reinforcephysicalstrength）观点强化误用（×strengthentheevidence）拓展搭配reinforceabelief/rulestrengthenties/health；strengthenone’sresolve二、名词类（20组）（一）基础高频组（12组）2.1effectvsaffect（见动词1.2，名词侧重）核心差异：effect（n.效果/影响，可数/不可数）；affect（n.情感，心理学术语，不可数）真题例证：Thepolicyhadasignificanteffectoneconomicgrowth.（2024全国卷Ⅰ阅读）易错警示：情感含义误用（×strongeffect表情感：strongaffect）2.2advicevssuggestion维度advice/ədˈvaɪs/suggestion/səˈdʒestʃən/核心含义建议（专业/正式，不可数）建议（普通/临时，可数）真题例证Hegavemevaluableadviceoncareerplanning.（2023全国乙卷完形）Shemadeafewpracticalsuggestionsfortheparty.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷写作）易错警示可数名词误用（×anadvice）不可数使用（×somesuggestion）搭配动词give/offeradvice；takeadvicemake/putforwardasuggestion2.3costvsexpensevsprice维度cost（成本）expense（开支）price（价格）核心侧重生产/购买的总成本（含时间/精力）个人/家庭的日常开销（复数）商品/服务的售价（卖方定价）真题例证Thecostoflivinghasincreasedrecently.（2024全国甲卷阅读）Weneedtocutdownonunnecessaryexpenses.（2025上海卷完形）Thepriceofthissmartphoneisreasonable.（2023全国卷语法填空）易错警示售价误用（×thecostofthebook售价：price）成本误用（×theexpenseofproduction成本：cost）开销误用（×monthlyprice开销：expenses）固定搭配atthecostof；costsb.sth.livingexpenses；travelexpensesatahighprice；lowertheprice2.4journeyvstripvstravelvsvoyage维度journey（长途旅程）trip（短途出行）travel（旅行总称）voyage（海上/太空航行）真题例证Theyhadalongjourneyacrossthedesert.（2024全国卷Ⅱ阅读）Wetookadaytriptothecountryside.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷完形）Travelbroadensone’shorizons.（2023全国卷写作）ThevoyagetoMarswillbechallenging.（2026模拟卷阅读）易错警示短途误用（×ajourneytothepark）总称误用（×atraveltoEurope）具体旅程误用（×travelstoBeijing）陆地旅行误用（×avoyagebytrain）词性差异可数名词可数名词不可数名词（泛指）可数名词2.5accidentvsincidentvsevent维度accident（意外事故）incident（小事件/事变）event（重大事件/活动）核心侧重无意发生，造成损失日常小事或政治/军事事变有组织/重要，影响广泛真题例证Hehadacaraccidentonhiswaytowork.（2023全国甲卷完形）Therewasasmallincidentintheclassroom.（2024天津卷听力）TheOlympicGamesisaglobalevent.（2025全国卷Ⅰ阅读）易错警示重大事件误用（×atrafficevent）意外事故误用（×aflightincident事故：accident）日常小事误用（×afamilyevent小事：incident）拓展词汇accidental（adj.意外的）incidental（adj.附带的）eventful（adj.多事的）2.6climatevsweather维度climate/ˈklaɪmɪt/weather/ˈweðə/核心含义气候（长期/区域，平均状况）天气（短期/局部，即时状况）真题例证Theclimateinthisregionismildallyearround.（2025全国卷Ⅰ阅读）Theweatherwillbesunnytomorrow.（2023全国乙卷听力）易错警示短期天气误用（×theclimatetoday）长期气候误用（×theweatherinthetropics）固定搭配climatechange；tropicalclimatebadweather；weatherforecast2.7customvshabitvstradition维度custom（习俗/风俗）habit（习惯/习性）tradition（传统）核心侧重群体长期形成的行为规范个人重复的行为习惯世代相传的文化/信仰真题例证It’sacustomtogivegiftsduringfestivals.（2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读）Shehasahabitofreadingbeforebed.（2025上海卷完形）Thisfestivalisatraditionofourfamily.（2023全国卷写作）易错警示个人习惯误用（×acustomofdrinkingtea）群体风俗误用（×ahabitofthelocalpeople）日常习惯误用（×atraditionofgettingupearly）词性拓展customary（adj.习惯的）habitual（adj.习惯性的）traditional（adj.传统的）2.8impressionvsexpression维度impression/ɪmˈpreʃn/expression/ɪkˈspresʃn/核心含义印象/感想（他人留下的）表达/表情（自身呈现的）真题例证Sheleftagoodimpressionontheinterviewers.（2024全国卷Ⅰ完形）Hisexpressionshowedthathewasangry.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷阅读）易错警示表情误用（×ahappyimpression表情：expression）印象误用（×animpressionofthanks感谢：expression）固定搭配makeanimpressionon；firstimpressionfacialexpression；expressionofopinion2.9occasionvssituation维度occasion/əˈkeɪʒn/situation/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/核心含义场合/时机（特定事件/仪式）情况/形势（复杂的处境）真题例证It’saformaloccasion,soyoushoulddressproperly.（2025天津卷完形）Weneedtodealwiththisdifficultsituationcalmly.（2024全国卷Ⅱ阅读）易错警示处境误用（×adangerousoccasion处境：situation）场合误用（×aweddingsituation场合：occasion）搭配介词onthisoccasion；onoccasion（偶尔）inthissituation；copewiththesituation2.10populationvspeople维度population/ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/people/ˈpiːpl/核心含义人口（整体数量，不可数）人们（个体集合，可数）真题例证ThepopulationofChinaisabout1.4billion.（2023全国卷语法填空）Manypeopleareinterestedinonlineshopping.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷阅读）易错警示个体误用（×apopulation个体：aperson）数量误用（×thepeopleofthiscity数量：population）常用搭配alarge/smallpopulation；thepopulationof+地点manypeople；thepeople（人民）2.11rewardvsaward维度reward/rɪˈwɔːd/award/əˈwɔːd/核心含义报酬/奖赏（因努力/善行）奖品/奖项（因成就/竞赛）真题例证Hereceivedarewardforsavingthedrowningchild.（2025全国卷Ⅱ阅读）Shewonanawardforherexcellentperformance.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷完形）易错警示竞赛奖项误用（×arewardforthecompetition奖项：award）善行报酬误用（×anawardforhishelp报酬：reward）动词用法rewardsb.forsth.awardsb.sth.；awardsth.tosb.2.12viewvsscenevssightvsscenery维度view（视野/观点）scene（场景/现场）sight（景象/视力）scenery（风景/景色）核心侧重从某处看到的风景/个人看法具体的场景（含人/事）值得一看的景象/视觉能力自然风景的总称（不可数）真题例证Wehaveabeautifulviewofthelakefromourroom.（2024全国甲卷阅读）Thepolicearrivedatthesceneofthecrime.（2025上海卷完形）TheGreatWallisoneofthemostfamoussightsinChina.（2023全国卷写作）Thesceneryinthemountainsisbreathtaking.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷阅读）易错警示现场误用（×theviewoftheaccident现场：scene）风景总称误用（×beautifulscenes总称：scenery）个人观点误用（×mysightonthisissue观点：view）具体景象误用（×ascenery具体：ascene）（二）主题拓展组（8组）2.13sustainabilityvsconservation（生态主题）维度sustainability/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/conservation/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/核心含义可持续性（长期发展能力）保护（资源/自然的合理利用）真题例证Theprojectfocusesonenvironmentalsustainability.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷阅读）Theconservationofwildlifeiscrucial.（2024全国卷Ⅰ写作）易错警示资源保护误用（×sustainabilityofwater保护：conservation）发展能力误用（×conservationofdevelopment可持续性：sustainability）搭配词汇sustainabledevelopment（可持续发展）conservationofenergy（节能）2.14innovationvsinvention（科技主题）维度innovation/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/invention/ɪnˈvenʃn/核心含义创新（改进现有事物）发明（创造新事物）真题例证Technologicalinnovationdriveseconomicgrowth.（2025北京卷阅读）Theinventionoftheinternetchangedtheworld.（2024全国卷Ⅱ完形）易错警示新事物发明误用（×aninnovationofthelightbulb发明：invention）改进创新误用（×aninventioninsmartphonedesign创新：innovation）形容词形式innovative（创新的）inventive（有发明才能的）2.15heritagevstradition（文化主题）维度heritage/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/tradition/trəˈdɪʃn/核心含义遗产（物质/文化，可传承的财富）传统（习俗/信仰，世代相传的行为）真题例证TheGreatWallisaworldculturalheritage.（2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读）It’satraditiontoeatdumplingsduringSpringFestival.（2025全国卷Ⅰ写作）易错警示习俗传统误用（×aheritageofgivinggifts传统：tradition）文化遗产误用（×atraditionofancientbuildings遗产：heritage）搭配词汇culturalheritage；naturalheritagefamilytradition；followatradition2.16empathyvssympathy（身心健康主题）维度empathy/ˈempəθi/sympathy/ˈsɪmpəθi/核心含义共情（感同身受，理解他人感受）同情（怜悯他人的不幸）真题例证Teachersshouldhaveempathyforstudents’difficulties.（2025上海卷阅读）Sheexpressedsympathyforthevictimsofthedisaster.（2024全国卷Ⅱ完形）易错警示怜悯误用（×empathyforthepoor怜悯：sympathy）共情误用（×sympathywithherfeelings共情：empathy）搭配介词empathywith/forsb.sympathyforsb.；expresssympathy2.17prosperityvssuccess（经济主题）维度prosperity/prɒˈsperəti/success/səkˈses/核心含义繁荣/兴旺（社会/经济，整体状态）成功（个人/事业，目标达成）真题例证Thecountryhasachievedremarkableeconomicprosperity.（2025全国卷Ⅰ阅读）Hishardworkledtogreatsuccessinhiscareer.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷完形）易错警示个人成功误用（×aprosperityinhisstudy成功：success）经济繁荣误用（×economicsuccess繁荣：prosperity）形容词形式prosperous（繁荣的）successful（成功的）2.18virtualityvsreality（科技主题）维度virtuality/ˌvɜːtʃuˈæləti/reality/riˈæləti/核心含义虚拟性（网络/数字世界）现实（真实存在的世界）真题例证Thegamecreatesasenseofvirtuality.（2026模拟卷阅读）Weneedtofacerealitybravely.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷完形）易错警示现实误用（×thevirtualityoflife现实：reality）虚拟误用（×therealityofonlinegames虚拟：virtuality）搭配词汇virtualreality（虚拟现实VR）inreality；faceuptoreality2.19migrationvsimmigration（社会主题）维度migration/maɪˈɡreɪʃn/immigration/ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn/核心含义迁徙（动物/人群，无方向限制）移入（他国定居，入境行为）真题例证Themigrationofbirdsisanaturalphenomenon.（2025全国甲卷阅读）Immigrationhasenrichedthelocalculture.（2024上海卷阅读）易错警示入境移民误用（×birdimmigration迁徙：migration）无方向迁徙误用（×theimmigrationofworkers迁徙：migration）对应名词migrant（迁徙者/移民）immigrant（移入移民）2.20efficiencyvseffectiveness（通用主题）维度efficiency/ɪˈfɪʃnsi/effectiveness/ɪˈfektɪvnəs/核心含义效率（投入产出比，省时省力）效果（目标达成度，是否有效）真题例证Thenewsystemimprovesworkefficiency.（2024天津卷阅读）Themedicinehasprovenitseffectivenessintreatingthedisease.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷完形）易错警示效果误用（×highefficiencyinsolvingproblems效果：effectiveness）效率误用（×higheffectivenessinsavingtime效率：efficiency）形容词形式efficient（高效的）effective（有效的）三、形容词类（24组）（一）基础高频组（16组）3.1economicvseconomical维度economic/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/economical/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/核心含义经济的/经济上的（与经济相关）节俭的/节约的（节省资源）真题例证Therearesomeeconomicproblemsintheregion.（2024全国卷Ⅰ阅读）Sheiseconomicalwithhermoney.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷完形）易错警示节俭误用（×economicuseofenergy节俭：economical）经济相关误用（×economicalgrowth经济：economic）搭配词汇economicpolicy；economiccrisiseconomicalcar；economicalwithtime3.2historicvshistorical维度historic/hɪˈstɒrɪk/historical/hɪˈstɒrɪkl/核心含义具有历史意义的（重要/独特）历史的/历史上的（与历史相关）真题例证Thisisahistoricmomentforourcountry.（2025全国卷Ⅰ写作）Heisstudyinghistoricaleventsinthe19thcentury.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷阅读）易错警示历史相关误用（×historicrecords历史：historical）重要意义误用（×historicalbuilding有意义：historic）拓展搭配historicsite（历史遗迹）historicalresearch（历史研究）3.3electricvselectrical维度electric/ɪˈlektrɪk/electrical/ɪˈlektrɪkl/核心含义电动的/带电的（直接发电/用电）电气的/与电相关的（间接相关）真题例证Heboughtanelectriccartoprotecttheenvironment.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷完形）Sheworksasanelectricalengineer.（2024全国卷Ⅱ阅读）易错警示电气相关误用（×electricproblem电气：electrical）直接带电误用（×electricalfan电动：electric）搭配对象electriccar；electriclight；electricshockelectricalengineering；electricalequipment3.4effectivevsefficient（见名词2.20，形容词侧重）核心差异：effective（有效的，强调结果）；efficient（高效的，强调过程）真题例证：Thenewmedicineiseffectiveagainstthevirus.（2025全国卷Ⅱ阅读）3.5formalvsnormal维度formal/ˈfɔːml/normal/ˈnɔːml/核心含义正式的/规范的（符合礼仪/规则）正常的/普通的（符合常规/标准）真题例证Youshouldwearformalclothestotheinterview.（2024天津卷完形）It’snormaltofeelnervousbeforeexams.（2025新高考Ⅱ卷写作）易错警示正常误用（×formaltemperature正常：normal）正式误用（×normalmeeting正式：formal）反义词informal（非正式的）abnormal（异常的）3.6familiarvssimilar维度familiar/fəˈmɪliə/similar/ˈsɪmɪlə/核心含义熟悉的/通晓的（了解程度深）相似的/类似的（外观/性质相近）真题例证Iamfamiliarwiththissong.（2023全国乙卷听力）Thetwocarsaresimilarindesign.（2024全国卷Ⅰ完形）易错警示相似误用（×familiartoeachother相似：similar）熟悉误用（×similarwiththeplace熟悉：familiarwith）搭配介词familiarwith（人熟悉物）；familiarto（物为人熟知）similarto；similarinsth.3.7likelyvsprobablevspossible维度likely（很可能的）probable（很可能的）possible（可能的）核心侧重人/物作主语，可能性较高物作主语，可能性最高物作主语，可能性较低真题例证Heislikelytowinthegame.（2025新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空）Itisprobablethattherainwillstopsoon.（2024全国卷Ⅱ阅读）Itispossibletofinishthetaskontime.（2023全国卷完形）易错警示物作主语无形式主语（×Itislikelytorain正确：Rainislikely.）人作主语（×Heisprobabletocome正确：Itisprobablethathecomes）人作主语（×Sheispossibletosucceed正确：Itispossibleforhe