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教师辅导讲义

讲义编号:

学员编号:年级:高一课时数:3

学员姓名:辅导科目:英语学科教师:

课题外研版高中英语选修六复习

授课日期及时段2023年月日:00—:00

1.Graspsomenewwordsandexpressionstodescribeaplace.

教学目的2.EnabletheSstodescribethecityofXiamen.

教学内容

外研版高中英语选修六全册复习

Module1

【词条1]lack

【点拨】lack动词,意为“缺乏,没有"。如:

Heisgoodathisjobbutheseemstolackconfidence.

Whathelacksinexperiencehemakesupforinenthusiasm.

【拓展】

1.lack的常用短语有:belacking”欠缺,缺乏”;belackingin”缺乏(某种品质、特点等)";lack

(for)nothing”应有尽有“。如:

Moneyfortheprojectisstilllacking.

Ithinkthefilmislackinginpace.

Theyhavegoteverythingreadyandtheylackfornothing.

2.lack还可作名词,常与of连用,意为“缺乏,没有”。foMackof”因为缺乏……如:

Theworkhadtobestoppedforlackoffunds.

Theflowerswitheredforlackofwater.

【词条2】reply

【点拨】名词,意为“答复,答复”,常与介词to连用。如:

Isitareplytothefirstorthesecondletter?

Tomyanger,shemadenoreplytomyquestion.

其常用在短语inreplyto中,意为”作为对……的答复,回复,如:

Whatdidhedoinreplytoyourchallenge?

【拓展】reply也可作动词,意为"答复,答复”,reply(to…/that…)。如:

Theteachergavemenochancetoreplytoherquestion.

Lilyrepliedthatsheknewnothingaboutit.

【词条3】apology

【点拨】apology名词,意为"抱歉,歉意”,常用于短语:offer/makeanapologytosb.”向某人抱

歉”,acceptanapology”接受抱歉"。如:

It'simpoliteofyoutoleavewithoutawordofapology.

Inmyjudgment,weshouldaccepttheirapology.

You'dbettermakeanapologyforyourabsence.

【拓展】其动词形式为apologize,意为"抱歉,表示歉意",常用短语为:apologizetosb.(for

sth.)”(因某事)向某人抱歉”。如:

Imustapologizefornotbeingabletomeetyouthatday.

IthinkTommighthaveapologizedtoJaneforwhathedid.

经典短语透视

[短语1]thinkof

【点拨】thinkof可意为”想起,想出“。如:

Thephotomademethinkofmychild-hood.

ItwasTomwhothoughtofthegoodplan.

【拓展】think的其他常用短语:

1.thinkhighly/muchof重视,高度赞扬。如:

AlltheteachersthinkhighlyofJohnbecauseheisverysmartandkind.

2.thinkabout考虑。如:

Iwasthinkingaboutsomethingelseandmissedyourwords.

3.thinkover仔细考虑。如:

Pleasethinktheplanoverandletmeknowyourdecisiontomorrow.

【短语2】inaddition

【点拨】inaddition意为"另外,此外“。如:

IwritemyownsongsandIplaytheguitarinaddition.

Youneedmoneyandtime.Inaddition,youneeddiligence.

【拓展】inadditionto除...之外(还有),to为介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式。如:

HisbrothercanspeakthreeforeignlanguagesinadditiontoEnglish.

besides也意为"除……之外(还有)如:

Theplaywasbadlyacted,besidesbeingfartoolong.

【短语3】leaveout

【点拨】leaveout意为“省去删去"。如:

InWesterncountries,peopleusuallyleaveoutNo.13asthenumberisthoughtunlucky.

Youcanleaveouttheunnecessarywordswhenwritingdownthenotes.

【拓展】

1.leaveout还可意为“漏掉,遗漏如:

Decidewithyoupartnerwhichwordshavebeenleftout.

2.与leave相关的常用短语leavebehind遗留,留下

Itleftbehindalongtrainofproblemsanddifficulties.

leaveover剩余,暂不解决

Weshallhavetoleavethequestionovertillthenextmeeting.

leavealone别管,不理会

IfIwereyou,Tdleavethisquestionalone.

【短语4】showoff

【点拨】showoff意为”炫耀二如:

Thoseboysalwaysshowofftheirsportsskillstothegirls.

Hisbrotherlikestoshowoffhisknowledgeinpublic.

【拓展】与show相关的常用短语:

showsb.around领某人参观

Theheadmastershowedusaroundtheschool.

showup出席倒场

Thepartyisabouttobegin,butMr.Wanghasn'tshownup.

热点语法聚焦

didn,tneedtodo和needn,thavedone都有"过去不必做某事”的意思,但是didn,tneed

to表示,过去没有必要做某事,事实上也没做";needn'thavedone表示“过去本来不必做某

事,实际上却做了“。如:

Ididn'tneedtotakeataxifromtheair-port—therewasabusallthewayintothecity.

Ineedn,thavebookedinadvance;therewereplentyofticketsleft.

此外,要注意need的其它用法:

need可作实义动词,也可作情态动词。

1.作实义动词时,need有人称和数的变化,后可以接名词、代词、动词不定式和动名

词等,否认式要在前面加don't(doesn't,didn'疑问句用do(does,did)提问。如:

Thecompanyneedssomegoodsalesmen.

Hisbrokencarneedstoberepaired.=Hisbrokencarneedsrepairing.

2.作情态动词时,need没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,否认式为needn't,常用在

否认句和疑问句中。如:

Youneedn'tworryabouthim.Heisverymaturenow.

—NeedIstayanotherday?

一Yes,youmust.

Module2

【词条1]behave

【点拨】behave用作不及物动词,意为”(举止或行为)表现”。如:

Shehasbeenbehavingverypolitely.

另外,behave还可意为”举止得体;守规矩”,常和反身代词连用。如:

Can'tyoumakeyourlittlechildbehavehimself?

【拓展】well-/ill-/badly-behavedadj.表现得好的/不好的;behaviorn.行为,举止如:

Heisthoughttobeawell-behavedchild.

Shewasashamedofherchildren'sbadbehavior.

【词条2】appeal

【点拨】appeal可用作名词,意为”吸引力,感染力”。如:

Filmsofthissorthavelosttheirappealforme.

【拓展】

1.appeal用作名词时,还可意为”呼吁,请求”。如:

Hisappealforforgivenesswentunanswered.

Anappealisbeingmadeforhelpforthosewholosttheirhomesintheearthquake.

2.appeal还可用作动词,意为”引起兴趣;呼吁,请求”,常跟介词to连用。如:

Doestheideaofworkingabroadappealtoyou?

Thepoliceareappealingtothepublicforanyinformationaboutthis.

【词条3】awake

【点拨】awake可用作形容词,意为“醒着的"。如:

Ihavelainawakeallnightthinkingovertheproblem.

注意:awake是表语形容词,不能用于名词前作定语。类似的形容词还有asleep,alive,aware

等。

【拓展】awake(awoke,awoken)可作不及物动词,意为“醒来”,这时与wake叩意义相近;

awake也可作及物动词,意为”唤醒,叫醒;唤起(记忆);激起(情感)如:

Iawaketotheringingofanelectricbelleveryday.

Thethunderawokemelastnight.

Hisfathertriedtoawakehimtoasenseofduty.

Nothingcanawakeherinterestinfoot-ball.

经典短语透视

[短语1]aheadof

【点拨】aheadof意为”在……之前”。如:

ThetimehereisninehoursaheadofLondon.Aheadofuswasanarrowandmuddyroad.

【拓展】aheadof还可意为”胜过,优于;(数量、价格等)超过“。如:

Inmanagement,ourcompanyiswellaheadoftheirs.

Theirpayofferwaswellaheadofinflation.

[短语2]holdout

【点拨】holdout可意为"伸出,拿出"。如:

WhenIarrived,Maryheldoutherhandinwelcome.

【拓展】holdout还可意为”维持;坚持(抵抗)如:

Wewereshortofwaterbutitcouldholdoutforanotherday.

Theyheldoutagainsttheenemyfortwodaysandnights.

Thetownwassurrounded,butthecitizensheldoutuntilhelpatlastcame.

【短语3】putdown

【点拨】putdown可意为“放下”。如:

Putdownthatknifebeforeyouhurtsomebody!

【拓展】

1.putdown还可意为"写下,记下;镇压;消灭如:

Putdownyournotesatthebottomofthepaper.

Theuprisingwasputdownthreedayslater.

can,tputsth.down爱不释手;不忍释卷。如:

Itisaninterestingstoryandhecan'tputitdownuntilhehasfinishedreadingit.

2.与put相关的常用短语:putout出版;生产;使熄灭,扑灭;putup树立;putoff推迟;

putaside把...搁在一边;putforward提出;putupwith容忍。如:

Besuretoputoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.

Thebuildingwillbeputupinthecentreofthecampus.

Don'tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.

Heputasidehisworktospendmoretimewithhisfamily.

Heputforwardaverygoodsuggestionatthemeeting.

Icouldhardlyputupwiththechildanylonger.

热点语法聚焦

动词的・ing形式作状语

可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随或对谓语加以补充说明等。如:

Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.(时间)

Itrainedfortwoweeks,completelyruiningthecrops.(结果)

Turningtotherightatthecrossing,youwillseethepostofficerightbeforeyou.(条件)

Beingbusyandexhausted,hegaveusalotofhelp.(让步)

WeChineseeatourfoodusingchopsticks.(方式)

Notknowinghowtodealwiththeproblem,theboyturned

tohisteacher.(原因)

Laughingandtalkingloudly,welefttheparty.(伴随)

【难点点拨】

1.现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,它所表示的动作应该是句中主

语所发出的动作,即现在分词和句子主语之间构成主动关系。如:

Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecangetafullviewofthecountry.

(we与see之间是主动关系)

2.现在分词作状语时,其前可加while,when,after,before,though,unless等连词,on,upon等

介词或thus,completely等副词。如:

Whiledoingtheexperiment,wediscoveredthenewchemical.

Takethemedicinethreetimesadayafterhavingeachmeal.

Onhearingthenews,sherushedouttheroom.

Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.

3.有时用”(with/without)+宾语+现在分词”结构作状语。如:

Icouldn'tfbcusmyattentionwiththatnoisegoingon.

4.当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,现在分词必须有自己的主语。如:

Weatherpermitting,thesportsmeetwillbeheldnextFriday.

Module3

[词条1]raise

【点拨】vt.可意为"招募,筹意(金钱)如:

Itvotedtoraise100,000troopsimmediately.

HeaskedmetowritealeaflettoraisemoneyforHopeSchools.

【拓展】raise还可意为”举起;增加,提高;提出;抚养,饲养;引起”。如:

Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.

Thebosshaspromisedtoraisetheirpay.

Hewassoangryastoraisehisvoice.

Thequestionwasraisedatthemeeting.Iwasraisedbymyauntonafarm.

Thediscussionraisedourinterest.

【辨析】raise&rise两者都可以表示“_L升;增长”之意,不同的是raise是及物动闻rise是

不及物动词。如:

OnMondaymorning,wewerewatchingthechildrenraisingthenationalflagandwesawit

risingslowlyinthewind.

【词条2】regret

【点拨】regret可用作动词,意为”懊悔,惋惜;遗憾”,后接名词、代词、that从句、不定式、

动名词等。如:

Iregretmyrefusaltohisinvitation.IregretthatIcan'tattendtheparty.

Weregrettoinformyouthatyoufailedagain.

Wehavedeeplyregrettedsellingthefarm.

注意:其后接动词・ing形式和动词不定式时意思有区别。试体会:

IregrettotellyouthatIhavenonewsforyou.(遗憾要做某事)

IregrettellingTomthetruth.(懊悔做了某事)

【拓展】regret也可作名词,意为“遗憾,懊悔;歉意”。如:

Wedecidedwithgreatregretthatwecouldn'tofferyoutheposition.

feelnoregretat对...不感到遗憾

muchtoone'sregret使某人非常遗憾的是

expressone'sregretat对...表示遗憾

【词条3】forgive

【点拨】vt.&vi.意为"原谅,宽恕”,常用于结构forgivesb.forsth./doingsth”也可以接双宾

语。如:

Iwillneverforgiveyoufbrwhatyoifveeverdonetome.

Eventually,sheforgavehimthebadbehavior.

【拓展】

forgivenessn.原谅,宽恕,饶恕forgivingadj.宽大的,仁慈的

经典短语透视

【短语11keepintouch(with)

【点拨】keepintouch(withsb.)意为"(与某人)保持联系”,也可写作stay/beintouch(with

sb.)o如:

Thisismycard.Let'skeepintouch.

I'vekeptintouchwithmostofmyclassmatesinthemiddleschool.

【拓展】与touch相关的常见搭配还有:getintouchwith”与...取得联系”;losetouchwith

/beoutoftouchwith”与...失去/没有联系”。如:

WehavelosttouchwithJohnsincewemovedtoJapan.

Writetomeasoftenasyoucan.Idon'twanttolosetouchwithyou.

[短语2]knockover

【点拨】knockover意为"撞倒,击倒”。如:

Adrunkendriverknockedoverninepeople,causingfivedeaths.

【拓展】与knock相关的短语还有:knockdown”打倒,推倒”;knockoff"停止,中断";knock

out”击败,击倒”。如:

HeknockedTomdownwithoneblowofhisfist.

Weknockedoffworkfortea.

Ourteamwasknockedoutinthefirstpartofthecompetition.

【短语3】makeup

【点拨】makeup可意为“和好如:

IfoundithardtomakeupwithJoanafterwequarreledaboutthebeautifulstamp.

【拓展】makeup还有以下常用意思:

Youshouldn'tbelievehim.Heismakingthewholethingup.(编造)

Whoeverattendstheballissupposedtomakeup.(化装)

Youmustmakeuptheworkyoumissed.(补上)

热点语法聚焦

1.非谓语动词的完成式havingdone的用法

非谓语动词的完成式havingdone表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。其

否认式为nothavingdone。如:

Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.

分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生

的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被动式(havingbeendone)。如:

Henevertalkedabouthishavingbeeninterviewedbythereporter.

Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

2.非谓语动词的.ing形式和tod。形式的区别

有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing形式,含义有所不同。如:

(1)forget,remember,regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接

-ing形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作。如:

Doyourememberseeingmebefore?你记得以前见过我吗?

Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.离开时要记得锁门。

(2)动词mean,stop,try,goon等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不

同。如:

Imeantochangeitforanotherone.我想换成另夕卜一个。

Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.

误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。

(3)动词allow.advise,forbid,permit等可直接跟

-ing形式作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如:

Pleasepermitmetosayafewwords.请允许我说几句话。

Wedon,tpermitsmokinghere.我们这儿不允许吸烟。

(4)动词need,require,want作“需要”解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式被动式。如:

Theselittlechildrenrequirelookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.

这些小孩需要细心地照料。

(5)动词like,hate,prefer等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing形式;如指特定的具体

的某次动作,多用不定式。如:

Ilikeswimming,butIdon9tliketoswimwithyou.

我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。

Module4

【词条1]combine

【点拨】combinevi./vt.联合,结合,合并。

常用作结构combine...with…"把...与....结合如:

Thetwocountriescombinedagainsttheircommonenemy.

Hecombinedhisscientificknowledgewithhisfriend^businessskillandstartedacompany.

Hisefforts,combinedwithhisdetermination,helpedhimachievegreatsuccess.

【拓展】combinationn.联合,合作,结合combinedadj.组合的,结合的

【词条2】relax

【点拨】relaxvi./vt.放松,使轻松。如:

Thedoctortoldhimtorelaxaweekorsobeforegoingbacktowork.

Thisequipmentwillhelprelaxyourmuscles.

【拓展】relax还可意为"放宽;使松弛1如:

Theyrelaxedtheregulationsafterthereform.

relaxedadj.放松的,镇定的relaxingadj.令人放松的

Shehadaveryrelaxedmanner.

It'sreallyarelaxingwalk.

【词条3】present

【点拨】present可用作动词,意为“赠送;颁发(奖品等);提出”。如:

WhenMr.Smithleftourcompany;ourmanagerpresentedhimwithagoldenwatch.

Thewinnerwaspresentedwiththeprizebythechairman.

【拓展】

1.present作名词,可意为”礼物,赠品;现在,目前”。如:

Idon'twantallthesebooks;Filmakeyouapresentofthem.

Sheisbusyatpresent,andshecan'tspeaktoyou.

Let'sleavethingsastheyareforthepresent.

2.present作形容词,意为”出席的,在场的;目前的,现在的”。如:

It'sunfairtodiscusshiscaseifheisn'tpresent.

Thepresentsituationseemstobeintheirfavor.

经典短语透视

【短语1】inadditionto

【点拨】inadditionto意为"除……之外(还有)”,其中to为介词,所以后面要跟名词、代词和

动名词等。如:

Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers,thecoursealsopro-videspractical

experience.

【拓展】1.besides作介词时,和其意思和用法相同。如:

Wehavelotsofthingsincommonbesidesdance.

2.inaddition相当于副词,可译为“另外,加之”。如:

Youneedmoneyandtime;inaddition,youneedintelligence.

[短语2]drawupon/on

【点拨】drawupon/on意为”凭借,利用”。如:

Rereadyourpreviousessaysforideasandinformation,whichyoumaywanttodrawupon.

Awriterhastodrawuponhisimaginationandexperience.

【拓展】drawon/upon还可意为"临近,(时光)渐渐过去”。如:

Winterisdrawingon.

Itgrewcolderasnightdrewon.

[短语3]betrueof

【点拨】betrueof意为”(某种情况)适用于,适宜于"。如:

Thisprincipleistrueofeverybody.

Thefoodisgoodandthesameistrueoftheservice.

【拓展】根据以下例句体会与true相关短语的意义:

Thepictureistruetolife.(逼真)

Heisalwaystruetohispromise.(信守)

MyfathersaidIshouldbealawyerandithascometrue.(实现)

热点语法聚焦

一、现在完成进行时由“has/havebeen+动词-ing”构成,其主要用法有:

1.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到说话时,并且还有可能继续下去。这一用法常和表

示一段时间的状语,如:

Forthreeyears,allthistime,allone'slife,allthemorning,thesefewweeks.

以及由for或since引导的时间状语连用。如:

He'sbeenwatchingtelevisionallday.

Ihavebeenteachinginthemiddleschoolfortenyears.

2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到说话时刻的动作,在说话时刻这个动作刚刚

结束。如:

Ihavejustbeensayinggoodbyetomyfriend.

3.表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内反复发生的动作。如

Haveyoubeenmeetinghimlately?

二、与现在完成时的比拟:

1.从定义上来看,现在完成时(havedone)表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与

already”已经”或ever”曾经"连用。如:

WehavealreadylearntUnit2.

(我们已经学习了第二单元。)

SheisthemostbeautifulgirlIhaveeverseen.(她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。)

而现在完成进行时那么表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,并且有可能

还要进行下去的动作,具有未完成的特点,一般不与already或ever等连用。如:

WehavebeenlearningUnit2.我们一直在学习第二单元。(没学完)

2.现在完成时表示次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,请看以下句子:

Ihavemethimatthelibrary.(我在图书馆见过他。)

Ihavebeenmeetinghimatthelibrary.(我经常在图书馆看见她。)

3.现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含上有区别。现在

完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的那么是动作的过程。如:

Weareverytired.We'vebeencleaningthehouse.

我们很累,我们一直在清扫房子。(强调动作)

We'vecleanedthehouse.Youmaycomeinnow.

我们清扫过房子了,你可以进来了。(强调结果“房子干净”)

4.现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如:

Fvewaitedfortwohours.我等了两个小时。(陈述事实)

Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.我等了两个个时。(等得好辛苦)

5.现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况;假设要谈论时间延续较长的动作

或情况或永久性情况,那么通常用现在完成时。如:

HehaslivedinParis.他(一直)住在巴黎。

HehasbeenlivinginParis.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)

6.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成

时。如:

Vveonlyknownherfortwodays.我认识她刚刚两天。

They'vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他们结婚已二十年了。

Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.这场战争已经持续了很长时间。

7.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,假设要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如:

Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.这房子已漆了一个月。

Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.这个问题已研究了五天。

Module5

【词条11refuse

【点拨】refuse为动词,意为“拒绝”。常用于结构:

①refusetodosth.

②refuse+n./pron.

③refusesb.sth.o如:

WhatannoyeduswasthatMaryrefusedtotalkaboutthismatter.

Herefusedhisfriend'sinvitationtogoonanadventure.

Sheissoenthusiasticthatyoucan'trefuseheranything.

【拓展】

1.辨析refuse&reject&decline

这几个词都可作”拒绝“解。其区别在于:refuse是表示“拒绝”这一概念的最普通的用

词,可接不定式,表示拒绝做某事,也可接名词,表示不接受;reject语气比refuse强,表示断

然拒绝。如果不同意一种意见或信仰,通常用reject;decline比拟正式,表示礼貌、客气地”

婉拒”,当表示对于对方的邀请、请求、提议等表示“不接受”时,可以用decline来缓和语气。

如:

Irefusedtotakepartinanythingthatisillegal.

Thearmydoctorsrejectedseveralrecruitsasunfit.

Iinvitedhertojoinus,butshedeclined.

2.refusal为refuse的名词形式,意为"拒绝,拒不”。如:

Yourrefusalofsuchagoodofferwasveryfoolish.

【词条2】arise

【点拨】arise为不及物动词,意为”产生;出现”。常用搭配:ariseoutof/fromsth."由...引

起”。如:

Wedidn'tknowhowthequarrelarose.

Disagreementshavearisenfromthenewprogram.

【拓展】

1.arise还可意为”站起来,起立"。如:

Hearose,tellingmethathewouldwaitformeoutsidetheoffice.

2.注意几个与arise意义相近的词:

⑴rise是不及物动词,意为”上升;升起;增加;提高”。也可意为“起床”和“站起身”,这时可

与arise换用。如:

Ourhopesroseandfellinthesameinstant.

Thechairmanrosefromhischairandcameforwardtopresenttheaward.

Wearosefromthechairswhentheguestenteredtheroom.

(2)raise是及物动词,意为“举起;使起来;提高;提出〃。如:

Heraisedhishandtoaskthespeakerquestions.

Mysalarywasraisedto8,000yuanamonth.

(3)arouse也是及物动词,意为”唤醒;激起;引起二如:

Iwassuddenlyarousedbythethunder.

Greatenthusiasmwasarousedbythespeech.

【词条3】accompany

【点拨】accompany动词,可意为“陪伴“。如:

Willyouaccompanymeindrinkingaglassofwine?

【拓展】accompany还可意为"伴随发生;伴奏”。如:

Lightningusuallyaccompanieswiththunder.

Thepianistaccompaniedhersinging.

经典短语透视

【短语1】treat...as...

【点拨】treat...as...意为”把...当成....如:

Peopleherealltreatmeasanexpertonfarming.

【拓展】下面的词组都可以表示”把……当成……如:

Allthepatientsregardhimasaconsideratenurse.

Shethinksofthemonitorastheclevereststudentintheclass.

Theylookonothers'difficultiesastheirown.

Thissculptureisconsideredasasymbolofthiscity.

【短语2】relyon

【点拨】relyon意为”依靠,指望二常用于以下结构:

Theyusuallyrelyonthemselves.(relyonsth.)

Theyhavetorelyontheriverfortheirwater.(relyonsth.for)

YoucanrelyonPetertodowhathepromises.(relyonsb.todosth.)

【拓展】countondependon/upon都可意为"依靠,依赖”。如:

IcancountonBilltogetthejobdone.

Oursuccessmostlydependsonyourhelp.

【短语3】breakdown

【点拨】breakdown可意为"分解,分化”。如:

Aftermanyyears,rocksbreakdownintodirt.

【拓展】根据以下例句体会breakdown的其他意思:

Wearelatebecausethecarbrokedownhalfway.(坏了)

Thepeacetalkshavebrokendownbecauseneithersidewouldcompromise.(失败)

Shebrokedownwithasobandcoveredherfacewiththehands.(感'情失控)

Theexpenditureontheprojectbreaksdownasfollows:wages5,000dollars,materials8,000

dollars.(分割)

热点语法聚焦

虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式,用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、疑心或推测等。

本期重点讲述虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中的用法。if引导的非真实条件句

表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句从时间上又分为

与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实可能相反三种情况。以下表格是虚拟语气

用于if条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式:

与现在事实相反:

动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/might+动词原形

Ifhehadtime,hewouldcometovisityou.(实际上很可能没时间)

与过去事实相反:had+动词-cd形式woulddcoulddmighthave+动词-ed形式

Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavefinisheditontime.(实际上没有采纳建议,结果没按

时完成)

与将来事实可能相反

1.一般过去时(be动词一般用were)

2.should+动词原形

3.wereto+动词原形would/could/might+动词原形

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.(说话人认为明天下雨的可能

性很小)

注意:

1.在if虚拟条件从句中,如果主、从句动作发生在不同的时间,主从句谓语动词应根据各自

所表达的时间关系加以适当的调整,采用不同的动词形式,这叫作混合虚拟条件从句。如:

Ifhehadtoldmehistelephonenumberyesterday,Icouldphonehimnow.(从句表达的情况与

过去的事实相反,主句表达的情况与现在的事实相反。)

2.在if虚拟条件从句中,如果从句的谓语动词含有were,had,should,可将之提至句首,将连

词if省去,从而构成倒装句型。如:

Shoulditraintomorrow(=Ifitshouldraintomorrow),IwouldnotgotoBeijing.

3.有时用介词w汕out或介记短语butfor来表达虚拟语气。如:

Withoutelectricityhumanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.

Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavearrivedhereontime.

Module6

【词条11occupy

【点拨】occupy为动词,可意为”占领“。如:

GermanyoccupiedalotofcountriesduringtheSecondWorldWar.

【拓展】

1.occupy还可意为”占或充满(时间,空间);担任(职务);占据(头脑,思想)二常用于结构:

©occupyoneselfindoingsth./withsth./忙于,从事于

@beoccupiedindoingsth./withsth.专心于,tt于。如:

Theheadmaster'sspeechoccupiedthreehoursinall.

Myfatheroccupiesanimportantpositionintheclub.

Mybusinessoccupiesmymindconstantly.

Mylittlesisteroccupiedherselfwithherhomeworklastnight.

Asthefinalexamisdrawingnear,allthestudentsareoccupiedinreviewingtheirlessons.

2.occupation名词,意为”占有;职业"。如:

Theworker'soccupationofthefactorylastedtwoweeks.

Pleasestateyourname,ageandoccupation.

【词条2】overlook

【点拨】overlook动词,意为“往下看,俯视”。如:

Thehouseonthehilloverlooksthevillage.

Fromthetopofthehill,wecanoverlookthewholeoftheharbor.

【拓展】

1.overlook还可意为"无视,忽略如:

Youhaveoverlookedseveralmistakesinthiswork.

2.辨析overlook&lookover

overlook为单个动词,意为”俯视;无视";lookover为动词短语,意为”检查,查看二如:

Don'toverlookthestudentswhoarcpoorintheirstudies.

Wemustlookoverthehousebeforewedecidetorentit.

【词条3】wound

【点拨】wound可用作动同意为”使受伤“。如:

Thebulletwoundedhimintheleftleg.

【拓展】

1.wound还可用作名词,意为”创伤,伤口”。如:

Thesoldierreceivedaseriouswoundinthechest.

2.辨析wound&injure&hurt

这三个词都表示“受伤二wound一般指外伤,如枪伤、刀伤,尤指战争、战斗中受伤;

injure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤;hurt可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害,

特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害。如:

Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedinthehead.

Althoughhishandwasinjured,hecontinuedtooperatethemachine.

Hehurthislegwhenhefellfromtheladder.

经典短语透视

【短语1】makeabreakthrough

【点拨】makeabreakthrough意为”取得重大突破(进展)如:

Thekeytotheproblemistomakeabreakthroughwithaclearaim.

Thetwocountriesmadeasignificantbreakthroughinnegotiations.

【拓展】辨析breakthrough与breakthroughbreakthrough为名词,意为”惊人的进展;关键

问题的解决”;breakthrough为动词短语,意为"突破,突围;克服”。如:

I'vebeenlearningEnglishforyears;Iwanttomakeabreakthrough.

Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtobreakthroughinthefightagainstcan

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