《计算机专业英语》-Unit10DistanceEducation

TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducation下一页返回TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducationTheinteractivemultimediamaterialscanbedeliveredtothestudentsviaanumberofmethods.Someofthesemethodsrangefromdemonstrationsandpresentations,drillsandpractices,andtutorials,whicharemoreteachercenteredmethodsofteachingandlearning,tocooperativeandcollaborativelearning,problemsolvingandWebbasedlearning,whicharemorestudentcenteredmethodsofteachingandlearning.上一页下一页返回TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducationIntheteachercenteredlearningmethods,theteacheristheoneincontroloftheinformationthatisreceivedbythestudentsandisresponsibleforhowmuchinformationisbeingdisseminatedtothem.Inthestudentcenteredlearningmethods,thestudentsconstructtheirownknowledgeandbringtheirauthenticexperiencesintothelearningprocesswiththeteacherasthefacilitator.Withtheteachercenteredapproach,thestudentsaregiventhesameamountofinformationatthesametimeandabletouseseveralsenses(e.g.,sight,soundandeveninteractiveexperiences),asinthecasewithpresentationsanddemonstrationstoprocesstheinformation.Theyarealsoabletoretainandrecalltheinformationaswellasobtainmasteryinthesubjectmatterwithdrills,practicesandtutorials,whicharehighlyinteractive.上一页下一页返回TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducationWithstudentcenteredapproach,themultimediamaterialcanbeusedtofosterteamprocessingandactivelearningaswithcollaborativeandcooperativemethods,encouragehigherlevellearningskillsandincreasecomprehensionandretentionrates,asinthecaseofusingproblemsolvingmethodologies.Inthestudentcentricinstructionalmodel,thelearnersmustplayanactivepartintheirlearningandmustconstructtheirownknowledgeormeaningofwhattheylearn.Thelearnersdeterminehowtoreachthedesiredlearningoutcomesthemselves.Thislearningmodeisembeddedintheconstructivistlearningphilosophy,whichhasevolvedoverthelasthalfofthe20thcenturyandhasitsfoundationsincognitivelearningpsychology.Theteacher,inthiscase,isnolongerperceivedasthesoleauthorityoflearning,butrather,asthepersontofacilitatelearning,guidingandsupportinglearnersownconstructionofknowledge.上一页下一页返回TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducationInthepresentdays,manyareturningtomultimediaasameanstobettercommunicateinstructionalmessageandtofosterbetterfeedbackontheinformationexchanged.Formanyyears,multimediaandmultimediadeveloperswerehousedinselectedindustriessuchasadvertising,entertainment,gamesandcorporateComputerBasedTraining(CBT)systems.However,multimediaisnowpenetratingtheeducationfieldandchangingthewayteachersteachandstudentslearn.Withtheadventofmultimediatechnologyintheclassrooms,teacherscanequipthemselveswiththesetechnologicalskillsandbecomebettercommunicatorsoftheircontentmaterials,andthusenablethestudentstolearninamoreproductiveway.Thus,theuseofthePCanddigitalmultimediatechnologieshasgivenrisetonewmodesoflearningandenablednewandinnovativeways.上一页下一页返回TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducationWordsandExpressions

authentic:adj.可靠的，真的cooperative:adj.合作的deliver:v.传递，表达interactive:adj.互动的tutorial:n.学习手册，学习指导collaborative:adj.协作的,合作的obtain:v.取得，获得foster:v.培养，鼓励embed:v.根植，嵌入facilitate:v.促进digital:adj.数字的上一页下一页返回TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducationboon:n.恩惠，福利methodology:n.方法学，方法论enhance:v.提高，增强curricula:n.课程（curriculum的复数）Teachercentered:以教师为中心的Studentcentered:以学生为中心的Webbased:基于网络的Computerbasedtraining:以计算机为基础的训练上一页下一页返回TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducationNotes①Theteacher,inthiscase,isnolongerperceivedasthesoleauthorityoflearning,butrather,asthepersontofacilitatelearning,guidingandsupportinglearnersownconstructionofknowledge.②Inthepresentdays,manyareturningtomultimediaasameanstobettercommunicateinstructionalmessageandtofosterbetterfeedbackontheinformationexchanged.③Furthermore,withtheadventoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb,inthemid1990s,arevolutionarytransformationistakingplaceinoureducationalmethodologies.④WebbasedlearninganddistancelearningovertheInternetarenowavailabletothosewhowantthem.上一页下一页返回TextA.MultimediaandDistanceEducation⑤Consequentlytheeducatorsathigherinstitutionsoflearningarefacinganewchallengetoday,i.e.，tointegratethesemultimediatechnologiesintotheclassroomtoenhancetheteachingandlearningenvironmentsforboththeteachersandthestudents.上一页返回TextB:DistanceEducation下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationDistanceeducationhasgainedtremendousrecognitionforitsabilitytoacceptanduseneweducationaltechnologies,whiletraditionaleducationhasbeenresistanttochangeandisnotstructuredtomakecompleteuseofthenewdevelopments.Thecomputerbasedtechnologiesnowareavailableforuseineducationalprogramsandprovidecurrentandqualityinstructionaloptionsforteachersandstudents.Nontraditionalstudentshavebeenthechiefbeneficiariesofdistanceeducationandtheincreasingnumbersofsuchstudentsarepromptingcollegesanduniversitiestoevaluatetheusesoftechnologytomakeeducationmoreaccessible,efficient,andeffective.上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationThedevelopmentofvideodiscandlasertechnologyprovidedseveraluniquefeatures:abilitytostorelargeamountsofdata,abilitytodisplaystillimagesindefinitelywithoutweartothedisc,andtheabilitytoaccessanyframewithinmicroseconds.Thealmostinstantaneousframeaccessandmassivestillstorageabilitymakethevideodiscauniquelyidealvisualstorageformatthatcanbeusedbyeducatorsandcaneasilybecontrolledbycomputers,providinganinteractivemediausefulinallformsofeducation.上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationComputerbasedapproachestoeducationcanenhancealmostallotherformsofdistanceeducation.Theabilityofcomputertechnologytointerfacewithandcontrolothertechnologieshasplaceditintheforefrontofalltechnologiesasthegreatestproponentofchangeintheeducationalenvironment.Asrapidadvancesincomputertechnologyfosterobsolescenceofolderequipment,theeconomicrealitiesarethatpricescontinuetodecreaseforthetechnology.Itmustbeunderstoodthatthereasoncomputerprogramsarepraisedasbeinginnovativeandproductiveintheeducationalarena,isoftentracedtotheamountoftimeandexpertiseutilizedbytheinstructionaldesignerinproductionofprogram.Computershavethesamedrawbacksasothermedia,上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationandyettheyalsoofferopportunitiesforcounteractingtheinherentdeficits.Thecomputerisjustatool,albeitaverypowerfulone,thatisavailableforeducatorsintheirpursuittocreateaneducationalenvironmentinwhichlearningwilltakeplace.Thedefinitionofcomputermediatedcommunicationappearstoparallelthedefinitionofdistanceeducationinthatitoftenremovestheteacherfromthestudentintimeandlocation.Computertechnologieshavecausedtremendousadvancementsininformationstorageandretrievalsciencesthatarecombinedwithelectroniccommunicationstoproducetremendouseducationaltools:Internet,telecommunication,electronicbulletinboards,electronicmail,videoconferencing,andmanyothers.上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationRecentdevelopmentsanddecreasingcostsareprovidingaccesstounsurpassedamountsofinformationfromaroundtheglobethroughelectronicInternet.Allthatisrequiredforstudentsanywhereintheworldtoaccessthisinformationisacomputer,modem,telephone,andaccessport(commercial,educational,orbusiness).Theabilityforstudentstoconductresearchwithoutleavingtheirhomeischangingthewaythateducationalinstitutionsstructureresearch.Electronicpublishingisoneofthefastergrowingfields,butestablishmentofstandardsshouldbeconductedbeforeitwillbeacceptedequallyasprintedmaterial.上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationTelecommunicationssupportdistanceeducationbyprovidingdeliverysystemsthatcarryprogramsandallowinteractionbetweentheparticipants.Theavailabilityofsatelliteandcabledeliveredprogrammingprovideseconomicoptionstoschooldistrictsthroughoutthecountry.ProgramssuchastheJasonProjectandSpaceExplorer,allowanyschooltoproduceaccesstodistancelearningprojectsthatcanbeseenworldwideandinteractivewitheachremotesite.Rapidadvancementsinopticaltechnologyareprovidingmethodsoftransferringincreasingamountsofinformationandwillallowremotestudentstouseinteractivemultimediaprogrammingthroughcableortelephoneconnections.上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationElectronicbulletinboardsandnewsservicesprovideaccesstoworldwidediscussiononanyrangeoftopics.Theseonetomanycommunicationplatformsallowpostingofassignmentsandcourseinformationfordistanceeducation.Groupdiscussionsallowindividualstoanalyzethethoughtswiththeirpeersaswellasthoseofuncountableexpertsonanytopic.上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationAllofthetechnologiesdiscussedaboveareeasilycontrolledthroughcomputermediatedcommunicationsandmanyareextensionsofcomputertechnology.Therearemanybenefitsderivedfromtheuseofcomputerbasecommunications.Thefirstistheabilityofcomputerprogramstobeinteractiveandprovidefeedbacktothestudent.Thesecondvalueistheabilityofcomputerstobecomeanyandallexistingmedia,includingbooksandmusicalinstruments.Athirdisthatinformationcanbepresentedfrommanydifferentperspectives.Furthervaluesincludetheabilitytousecomputersinsimulatingmodelsandtheabilityofengineercomputerstobereflective.上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationWordsandExpressionsabate:v.减少，减弱accessible:adj.易接近的，可以理解的arena:n.舞台，场地assignment:n.分配，任务coaxial:adj.共轴的，同轴的commercial:adj.商业的counteract:v.抵消，阻碍deficit:n.赤字，不足额drawback:n.缺点，退税forefront:adj.最前部，最前线上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationfoster:v.培养，鼓励innovative:adj.改革的，创新的isolation:n.隔绝，隔离obsolescence:n.荒废，淘汰parallel:adj.与……相似，并行的participant:n.参与者，参加者perspective:n.视角，观点procure:vt.获得，取得上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationproponent:n.建议者，支持者pursuit:n.追踪，追赶recognition:n.承认，认可resistant:adj.抵抗的，反抗的unsurpassed:adj.未被超越的，非常卓越的distanceeducation:远程教育Computerbased:以计算机为基础的Computermediated:以计算机为媒体的上一页下一页返回TextB:DistanceEducationNotes①Distanceeducationhasgainedtremendousrecognitionforitsabilitytoacceptanduseneweducationaltechnologies,whiletraditionaleducationhasbeenresistanttochangeandisnotstructuredtomakecompleteuseofthenewdevelopments.②Computerbasedapproachestoeducationcanenhancealmostallotherformsofdistanceeducation.③Often,theneedforfacetofaceinteractionisrequiredandcaneasilybeallowedthroughtheuseofvideoteleconferencing.④Thecurrentcosttovideoconferencingrestrictsitsusetomostlycommercialpurposes,butasthepricecontinuestodropitwillundoubtedlybeusedthroughoutmostdistanceeducationcourses.上一页返回GrammarFocus虚拟语气语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。而虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：

IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。

下一页返回GrammarFocus一、简单句中的虚拟语气（一）情态动词的过去时用于现在时态表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：Wouldyoubekindenoughtoshowmethewaytothepostoffice?请您告诉我去邮局的路好吗？Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别熬夜到很晚。上一页下一页返回GrammarFocus（二）表祝愿。（1）常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。

Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好运！

Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐！（2）用动词原形。例如：Longlivethepeople!人民万岁！Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！上一页下一页返回GrammarFocus二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气（一）宾语从句(SubordinateClasue)中的虚拟语气1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。（1）对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）。（2）对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）。（3）对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)。上一页下一页返回GrammarFocus2.在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的that从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上should常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词如下。表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg。表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：