长春工业大学人文信息学院《大学英语精读》2025-2026学年期末试卷

长春工业大学人文信息学院《大学英语精读》2025-2026学年期末试卷一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）

1.Theconceptof"culture"asacomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsocietyismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichculturaltheorist?

A.KarlMarxB.MaxWeberC.EdwardBurnettTylorD.EmileDurkheim

2.Inthecontextofsociologicalanalysis,theterm"socialstructure"referstotherelativelystablepatternsofsocialrelationshipsandsocialinstitutionsthatorganizesociety.Whichofthefollowingbestillustratestheconceptofsocialstructure?

A.ThedistributionofwealthinacapitalistsocietyB.ThenormsandvaluesofaparticularcultureC.TheinteractionbetweenindividualsinasocialsettingD.Thehierarchicalorganizationofsocialrolesandrelationships

3.Thesociologicalperspectivethatemphasizestheimportanceofsocialinteractioninshapingindividualbehaviorandsocialoutcomesisknownas:

A.StructuralfunctionalismB.ConflicttheoryC.SymbolicinteractionismD.Sociologicalrealism

4.Theprocessbywhichindividualslearnandinternalizethevaluesandnormsoftheirsociety,whichhelpsthemtofunctionasmembersofthatsociety,isreferredtoas:

A.SocializationB.SocialstratificationC.SocialmobilityD.Socialcontrol

5.Theconceptof"socialstratification"referstothesystematicrankingofindividualsandgroupsinasocietybasedoncertaincriteria.Whichofthefollowingbestillustratestheconceptofsocialstratification?

A.ThesocialhierarchyinfeudalsocietiesB.ThesocialmobilityinmodernsocietiesC.ThesocialnormsindifferentculturesD.Thesocialrolesindifferentsocialsettings

6.Thesociologicaltheorythatemphasizestheroleofeconomicandsocialinequalitiesinshapingsocialrelationshipsandsocialoutcomesisknownas:

A.StructuralfunctionalismB.ConflicttheoryC.SymbolicinteractionismD.Sociologicalrealism

7.Theterm"socialinstitution"referstoacomplexsocialstructurethatfulfillsbasicneedsofsocietyandmaintainsstability.Whichofthefollowingbestillustratestheconceptofsocialinstitution?

A.ThefamilyB.TheeconomyC.TheeducationsystemD.Alloftheabove

8.Thesociologicalperspectivethatemphasizestheimportanceofculturaldifferencesandculturalrelativisminunderstandingsocialphenomenaisknownas:

A.CulturalmaterialismB.CulturalpluralismC.CulturalessentialismD.Culturaldeterminism

9.Theprocessbywhichindividualsmovebetweendifferentsocialpositionsorstatusesintheirlifetimeisreferredtoas:

A.SocializationB.SocialstratificationC.SocialmobilityD.Socialcontrol

10.Thesociologicalconceptthatreferstothesharedbeliefsandvaluesofasocietythatguidebehaviorandsocialinteractionisknownas:

A.SocialnormsB.SocialrolesC.SocialinstitutionsD.Culturalvalues

二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1.Whichofthefollowingareconsideredasmajorsociologicaltheories?

A.StructuralfunctionalismB.ConflicttheoryC.SymbolicinteractionismD.SociologicalrealismE.Culturalmaterialism

2.Theprocessofsocializationinvolves:

A.LearningsocialnormsandvaluesB.DevelopingsocialskillsC.FormingsocialrelationshipsD.AcquiringculturalknowledgeE.Adoptingsocialroles

3.Socialstratificationcanbebasedon:

A.EconomicstatusB.SocialclassC.RaceandethnicityD.GenderE.Religion

4.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofsocialinstitutions?

A.ThefamilyB.TheeducationsystemC.TheeconomyD.ThelegalsystemE.Thepoliticalsystem

5.Thesociologicalperspectivethatemphasizestheimportanceofsocialinteractioninshapingsocialoutcomesisknownas:

A.StructuralfunctionalismB.ConflicttheoryC.SymbolicinteractionismD.SociologicalrealismE.Culturalmaterialism

三、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）

1.Explaintheconceptofsocializationanditsimportanceinsociety.

2.Describethemainfeaturesofstructuralfunctionalismasasociologicalperspective.

3.Discusstheroleofsocialinstitutionsinmaintainingsocialorderandstability.

4.Analyzetheimpactofsocialstratificationonsocialmobilityandsocialinequality.

四、材料分析题（本大题共2小题，共30分）

材料一：

Inarapidlyglobalizingworld,culturalexchangehasbecomeanincreasinglyimportantphenomenon.Peoplefromdifferentculturesinteractwitheachother,leadingtotheexchangeofideas,values,andpractices.Thisculturalexchangecanhavebothpositiveandnegativeimpactsonsocieties.Ontheonehand,itcanpromoteculturaldiversityandunderstanding,fosteringamoreinclusiveandtolerantsociety.Ontheotherhand,itcanalsoleadtoculturalhomogenizationandtheerosionoflocaltraditionsandidentities.Thechallengeforsocietiesinthisglobalizedworldistostrikeabalancebetweenpreservingtheirculturalheritageandembracingthebenefitsofculturalexchange.

材料二：

Theprocessofsocialmobilityhasbeenatopicofinterestforsociologistsformanyyears.Socialmobilityreferstothemovementofindividualsorgroupsbetweendifferentsocialpositionsorstatusesintheirlifetime.Therearetwomaintypesofsocialmobility:upwardmobility,whichinvolvesmovingtoahighersocialposition,anddownwardmobility,whichinvolvesmovingtoalowersocialposition.Socialmobilitycanbeinfluencedbyvariousfactors,suchaseducation,occupation,andeconomicstatus.Thestudyofsocialmobilityhelpsusunderstandthedynamicsofsocialinequalityandtheopportunitiesavailabletoindividualsindifferentsocialcontexts.

1.Analyzetheimpactofculturalexchangeonthepreservationoflocaltraditionsandidentitiesinthecontextofglobalization.Discussthechallengesandopportunitiesitpresentsforsocieties.

2.Discussthefactorsthatinfluencesocialmobilityanditsimpactonsocialinequality.Provideexamplestoillustrateyourpoints.

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，共35分）

材料一：

Theconceptofsocialcontrolreferstothemechanismsbywhichsocietiesregulateindividualandgroupbehavior.Socialcontrolcanbeinformal,suchastheuseofsocialnormsandsanctions,orformal,suchastheuseoflawsandlegalsystems.Thepurposeofsocialcontrolistomaintainsocialorderandensurethatindividualsandgroupsconformtothevaluesandnormsofsociety.However,socialcontrolcanalsobeusedtoenforcedominantideologiesandmaintainsocialinequalities.Thestudyofsocialcontrolhelpsusunderstandthewaysinwhichsocietiesmaintainorderandthepotentialconsequencesofsocialcontrolmechanisms.

材料二：

Theeducationsystemplaysacrucialroleinsocietybyprovidingindividualswithknowledge,skills,andopportunities.Theeducationsystemisalsoakeysiteofsocialization,whereind