Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Section B 3a-3c 语言点精讲精练(含答案)

Unit4SectionB3a-3c语言点精讲精练I．语言点精讲1.AnAmazingUnderwaterWorld令人惊叹的水下世界underwater①形容词水下的；用于水下的仅用于名词前作定语。underwatercreatures水生动物；anunderwatercamera水下摄影机②副词在水下深吸一口气，看你能在水里待多久。Takeadeepbreathandseehowlongyoucanstayunderwater.2.LocatedonthenortheasterncoastofAustralia,theGreatBarrierReefisoneofthemostamazingplacestovisit.大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸，是最令人惊叹的游览胜地之一。(1)coast（名词）海岸；海滨onthecoast(of..)在(……的)海岸上；alongthecoast沿海我以前住在海边的一个小村子里。Iusedtoliveinasmallvillageonthecoast.(2)动词不定式(短语)作后置定语本句中动词不定式tovisit作后置定语，修饰places。被修饰词places作动词visit的宾语。春天是种树的最佳时节。Springisthebesttimetoplanttrees.3..Ittakesupanareaof345,000squarekilometresandincludesover900islandsandwhitesandbeaches.它占据了34.5万平方千米的区域，包括900多个岛屿和白色沙滩。include〔及物动词〕①包含；包括(指整体中包含某些/个部分，不用于进行时。)②算在内；列在里面一个好的学习计划包括一个学习日历和一个待办事项清单。Agoodstudyplanincludesastudycalendarandato-dolist.请把我算在你们组内。Pleaseincludemeinyourgroup.拓展:①included〔形容词〕包括在内的无比较级，一般位于名词或代词之后。②including〔介词〕包括；包含在内和其后的名词/代词一起构成介词短语。每个人都笑了，包括我在内。Everyonelaughed,meincluded.全家人将去包括北京和上海在内的一些大城市旅游。Thewholefamilywilltoursomebigcities,includingBeijingandShanghai.4.TheGreatBarrierReefisalsoalive!大堡礁也是有生命的！alive〔形容词〕(不在名词前作定语)①活着；在世侧重生与死之间的界限。通常用在连系动词be等之后作表语，也可用在名词之后作后置定语。多修饰人，也可修饰物。②有活力；激动兴奋他的祖父母都还健在。Hisgrandparentsarestillalive.他是健在的最伟大的科学家。Heisthegreatestscientistalive.埃德高兴得眉飞色舞。Edwasalivewithhappiness.拓展:①living〔形容词〕活着的；活的强调尚在人间、健在。多修饰物，也可修饰人，既可位于名词前作定语，也可作表语。②lively〔形容词〕精力充沛的；生机勃勃的通常用来描述人及其行为或活动，可作定语或表语。一切生物都需要水。Alllivingthingsneedwater.她在聚会上非常活跃。Shewasverylivelyattheealive热闹起来；有精神起来bringsth.alive使……有趣；变得有生气父母健在时好好爱他们。不要等到为时已晚。Loveyourparentswellwhiletheyarealive.图片使这本书生动有趣。Thepicturesbringthebookalive.一谈到他最喜欢的篮球明星，这个男孩立刻就变得有精神起来。Theboycamealiveassoonashetalkedabouthisfavouritebasketballstars.II．语言点精练一、单词填空。请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。1.Alarge(群)ofsmallsilverfishswampastuswhenwewereboatingonthelake.2.Wewereluckytoseeabig(海龟)layeggsonthequietbeachlastsummer.3.Theoldbridgehasastrongstone(结构)thathasstoodforover100years.4.Manypeopleliketowalkalongthe(海岸)atsunset,enjoyingthefreshseaair.5.Thetour(包括)avisittothebeach,aboatride,andaseafooddinner.6.Afterthestorm,wewerehappytofindthatallthesmallanimalsinthegardenwere(活着).二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.Itincludesover900islandsandwhitesand________(beach).2.Thepriceofthetour________(include)accommodationandmeals.3.Thebeautifulscenery________(attract)manytouristseveryyear.4.Welearnedaboutdifferent________(type)ofanimalsinscienceclass.5.Wedon’tknowwhetherhe’s________(live)ordead.三、根据汉语意思完成句子。1.如果你潜水更深，你可能会看到大鱼、海龟和鲨鱼。Ifyoudive________,youmightseelargefish,turtles,and________.2.你可以在这清澈的海水中游泳、潜水或浮潜。Youcanswim,dive,orsnorkelinthe________________.3.大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸。TheGreatBarrierReefis________onthenortheastern________ofAustralia.4.海南岛的清澈海域有美丽的珊瑚礁。HainanIslandhasbeautiful________________initsclearwaters.5.他第一个越过终点线，他毕生的梦想实现了。Hewasthefirsttocrossthe________________,andhis________________cametrue.四、同义句转换。1.TheGreatBarrierReefislocatedonthenortheasterncoastofAustralia.→TheGreatBarrierReef____________thenortheasterncoastofAustralia.2.Itisthebiggestcoralreefintheworld.→Itis______than____________coralreefintheworld.3.Ittakesupanareaof345,000squarekilometres.→It______345,000squarekilometres____________.4.Youcanseeschoolsofcolourfulfishintheclearwater.→Schoolsofcolourfulfish__________________intheclearwater.五、完形填空Greenlandisthelargestislandintheworld.ItisinthenortheastofNorthAmerica.NearGreenlandis1island.Itissmall.2nameisIceland.DoyouthinkthatGreenlandisgreenandwarm?DoyouthinkthatIcelandiswhite3ice?Ifyoudo,youare4.NotmanypeopleliveonthebigislandofGreenland.TherearemorepeopleinyourhometownthanthoseinthewholeGreenland.Thatis5Greenlandisnotgreen.Greenlandiswhite.Mostoftheislandiscovered6ice.TheicecoveringGreenlandis7thanthetallestbuildingintheworld.What8Iceland?IsitcolderthanGreenland?No,itisn’t.Icelandhasice,butnotsomuchice9Greenland.Icelandhasalotofhotsprings(温泉).Theygiveouthotwaterandsteam.Theclimate(气候)isnotso10asGreenland.AndtherearealotmorepeoplewholiveinIceland.1．A．theother B．other C．another D．others2．A．It B．Its C．It’s D．Their3．A．on B．in C．of D．with4．A．right B．wrong C．good D．clever5．A．because B．why C．what D．how6．A．with B．in C．of D．to7．A．high B．higher C．thehighest D．morehigher8．A．in B．on C．about D．over9．A．like B．than C．that D．as10．A．hot B．cool C．cold D．warm六、五选五。从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TheGreatBarrierReefhasexperiencedathirdbigcoralbleaching(白化)eventinfiveyears,accordingtoAustralia’sgovernmentgrouptheGreatBarrierReefMarineParkAuthority(GBRMPA).1Itrunsforover2,300kilometresoffthenortheastcoastofAustralia.Itishometothousandsofdifferentformsofunderwaterlife.Mostcoralsonlygrowinwarmoceans.Butwhentheoceansbecometoowarm,thecoralscannotsurvive.Asthetemperatureofoceanshasgoneupinrecentyears,coralsaroundtheworldhavebeguntodieoff.2Thecoralshapesarebuiltoveralongtimebymillionsoftinycoralanimals.Andcoralreefsarehometomanyotherseaanimals.3It’salsoabouttheanimalsthatliveinandaroundthem.ThisFebruarywasthehottestmontheverforthewatersaroundtheGreatBarrierReef.4TheGBRMPAhasmarkeditsoutlookforthecorals’conditionfrom“poor”to“verypoor”becauseofwarmingoceans.Thoughlocalactioncanfixsomepartsoftheproblem,theGBRMPAreportsthatthelargerproblemisstillaglobalone.“5”thegroupsays.A．Insomeareas,oceantemperatureswereasmuchas2.8℃higherthanaverage(平均值).B．Thisisoftencalled“coralbleaching”becausesometimesthedyingcoralsturnwhite.C．TheGreatBarrierReefinthePacificOceanisthelargestcoralreefintheworld.D．Sowhencoralsdieoff,it’snotjustaboutthecorals.E．ClimatechangeremainsthegreatestchallengetotheReef.七、选词填空。阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。colderandcolder,put,shine,cover,fourteen,part,kilometres,strong,high,topThesealooksverybeautifulwhenthesunis1onit.Itcanbeveryterriblewhenthereisa2wind.Theseaisverybig.It3threequartersoftheearth.Theseaisalsoverydeepinsomeplaces.Thereisoneplacewheretheseaisabout114deepthere.The5mountainintheworldisabout9kilometreshigh.Ifthatmountainwas6intotheseaatthatplace,therewouldstillbe2kilometresofwateraboveit!Inmost7ofthesea,thereareplentyoffishandplants.Somelivenearthe8ofthesea.Otherslivedeepdown.Therearealsoalotofsmalllivingthingsandlotsoffishlivingbyeatingthem.Theseacanbeverycold.Whenpeoplegodeepunderthewater,theseabecomes9.Onlysomemencangodownintothedeepsea.However,in1970,fivewomenscientistslivedinthedeepseafor10days.八、阅读理解Accordingtoscientists,alakewitharoundshapeisverycommon.However,KingsleyLakeinFlorida,theUSA,makesthemverysurprised.KingsleyLakeisoneofthebestfishingplacesinFlorida,butfewpeopleknowwhatreallymakesthisplacespecial.It’sanunusuallyroundshape.Thelakeisconsideredtheroundestlakeintheworld.Infact,wecanonlyseehowroundthelakeisfromtheair.WhatcausedKingsleyLaketohavethisspecialshape?Somepeoplethinkhumanbeingshavechangedthestructure(结构)ofKingsleyLakesothatitisunusuallyround.However,infact,thislakeiscompletelyfreefromhumanactivities.Itisbelievedtohaveformednaturally.Italsoappearsthatthelakeistheresultofthemovementofrocks,whichgavethepresentshapeofKingsleyLake.KingsleyLakehasadiameterofabout3.2kilometres.Itis53.7metresabovesealevel,whichmakesKingsleyLakeoneofthehighestlakesinFlorida.KingsleyLakeisabout27.4metresdeepanditisalsoconsideredoneofFlorida’sdeepestlakes.Accordingtothesurvey,KingsleyLakehasanunchangingwaterlevelbecauseofitssurfacedrainage(排水)system.Thissystemhelpsthefloodwatereasilyrunfromthelaketotheareasaround.What’smore,thelakehasmanyshallow(浅的)waterareas,soitcanbefilledwithwateragaininnotime,creatingthebalance(平衡)ofthewaterinthelake.KingsleyLakeisnowafamoustouristdestinationinthesummer.Eachyear,itattractsabout120,000tourists.Italsoprovidesahomeforalotofendangeredanimals.1．WhydoscientistsfeelsurprisedwhentheyseeKingsleyLake?A．Becauseitlookssobeautiful.B．Becauseitisagoodfishingplace.C．Becauseitisatouristdestination.D．Becauseithasquitearoundshape.2．What’sParagraph3mainlyabout?A．ThepossiblereasonwhyKingsleyLakeisunusuallyround.B．Theinfluencewhichhumanactivitieshavecaused.C．Thepresentshapeisgivenbythemovementofrocks.D．ThedetailspeoplemustknowaboutKingsleyLake.3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutKingsleyLake?A．It’sanaturallake.B．It’saman-madelake.C．It’stheworld’sdeepestlake.D．It’sthehighestlakeintheUSA．4．What’sthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tointroducealakewithaspecialshape.B．Tocallonmorepeopletoprotectthelake.C．ToattractmoretouriststoKingsleyLake.D．TodescribethebeautyofKingsleyLake.II.语言点精练参考答案一、单词填空。1.school2.turtle3.structure4.coast5.includes6.alive7.underwater二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.beaches2.includes3.attracts4.types5.alive三、根据汉语意思完成句子1.deeper;sharks 2.clearseawater3.located;coast4.coralreefs 5.finishingline;lifelongdream四、同义句转换。【答案】1.lieson；2.bigger;anyother；3.covers;insize；4.canbeseen五、完形填空【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．B5．A6．A7．B8．C9．D10．C【解析】【导语】本文向我们介绍了格陵兰岛和冰岛这两个岛的情况。1．句意：格陵兰岛附近有另外一个岛。theother两者中的另一个；other其他的，形容词；another不定数目中的另一个；others其他的人或物。根据句意可知，这里说的是另外一个岛，为不确定数目中的另一个岛。故选C。2．句意：它的名字叫冰岛。It它；Its它的；It’s它是；Their他们的。根据“name”可知，此处表示“它的名字”，故应用形容词性物主代词its，位于句首，开头字母大写。故选B。3．句意：你认为冰岛是有很多冰的白色岛屿吗？on在……上面；in在……里面；of……的；with带有……的。根据句意及“ice”可知，此处应用with表示伴随情况状语，意为“有冰的”。故选D。4．如果你认为是，那么你就错了。right对的；wrong错误的；good好的；clever聪明的。根据“Greenlandisnotgreen.”及“Icelandhasice,butnotsomuchice”可知，格陵兰岛并不是绿色的，冰岛上也不是有很多的冰，所以这种想法是错误的。故选B。5．句意：因为格陵兰岛不是绿色的。because因为；why为什么；what什么；how怎样。根据“NotmanypeopleliveonthebigislandofGreenland.”及“TheicecoveringGreenland...”可知，格陵兰岛上少有人居住的原因是它不是绿色的而被白色冰层覆盖。故此处为原因状语从句，应用because引导。故选A。6．句意：格陵兰岛大部分被冰覆盖。with用；in在……里面；of……的；to到。becoveredwith“被……覆盖”。故选A。7．句意：覆盖格陵兰岛的冰比世界上最高的大楼都要更高。high高的，形容词原级；higher更高的，形容词比较级；thehighest最高的，形容词最高级；morehigher错误表达。根据“than”可知，此处应为比较级表达“更高”。故选B。8．句意：那么冰岛呢？in在……里面；on在……上面；about关于；over超过。whatabout...?固定句型，意为“……怎么样？……呢？”，根据文意可知，上文介绍了格陵兰岛，接下来引出冰岛，故表达“那么冰岛呢？”。故选C。9．句意：冰岛上有冰，但是并不像格陵兰岛上那么多。like喜欢；than比；that那个；as像……一样。分析句子，这里考查的是同级比较，as…as...“和……一样”，否定句为notso/as...as...“不如……”。故应选D。10．句意：气候并不像格陵兰岛上那么冷。hot热的；cool凉爽的；cold冷的；warm温暖的。根据“Icelandhasalotofhotsprings(泉).Theygiveouthotwaterandsteam”可知冰岛上有很多温泉，所以气候不像那里那么冷。故选C。六、五选五【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．A5．E【解析】【导语】本文介绍了大堡礁经历了五年来第三次大型珊瑚白化事件，以及分析造成这样的主要原因等。1．根据“Itrunsforover2,300kilometresoffthenortheastcoastofAustralia.Itishometothousandsofdifferentformsofunderwaterlife.”可知，此处是介绍大堡礁的具体情况，选项C“太平洋的大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁。”符合，故选C。2．根据“Asthetemperatureofoceanshasgoneupinrecentyears,coralsaroundtheworldhavebeguntodieoff.”可知，这里是介绍与死亡的珊瑚有关的情况，选项B“这通常被称为“珊瑚白化”，因为有时濒死的珊瑚会变成白色。”符合，故选B。3．根据“Andcoralreefsarchometomanyotherseaanimals.”以及“It’salsoabouttheanimalsthatliveinandaroundthem.”可知，这里应该是说珊瑚死亡不仅是珊瑚的问题，还会对其他动物有影响，选项D“所以当珊瑚死亡时，不仅仅是珊瑚的问题。”符合，故选D。4．根据“ThisFebruarywasthehottestmontheverforthewatersaroundtheGreatBarrierReef.”可知，这里应该是说有关温度的情况，选项A“在一些地区，海洋温度比平均温度高出2.8℃。”符合，故选A。5．根据“Mostcoralsonlygrowinwarmoceans.Butwhentheoceansbecometoowarm,thecoralscannotsurvive...”以及“ThisFebruarywasthehottestmontheverforthewatersaroundtheGreatBarrierReef...from“poor”to“verypoor”becauseofwarmingoceans.”可知，这里是分析大堡礁面临的挑战的情况，是专家们的观点，选项E“气候变化仍然是珊瑚礁面临的最大挑战。”符合，故选E。七、选词填空【答案】1．shining2．strong3．covers4．kilometres5．highest6．put7．parts8．top9．colderandcolder10．fourteen【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了关于大海的内容，包括大海的大小、深度、水下的鱼类和植物以及水的温度。1．句意：当太阳照在大海上时，它看起来非常美丽。根据“thesun”以及备选词可知，此处指阳光照在大海上，动词shine“照耀”符合语境，此处应用现在分词shining与is构成现在进行时。故填shining。2．句意：当刮大风的时候，天气会非常糟糕。根据“Itcanbeveryterriblewhenthereisa…wind.”以及备选词可知，刮大风的时候天气会糟糕，strongwind“强风”符合语境。故填strong。3．句意：它覆盖了地球的四分之三。分析句子结构可知，空处是句子的谓语动词，根据“Theseaisverybig.It…threequartersoftheearth.”和备选词可知，此处指海洋覆盖了地球的四分之三，cover“覆盖”符合语境；此处陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，谓语动词cover用三单形式。故填covers。4．句意：有一个地方的海水大约