上海市奉贤区2025-2026学年高三下学期4月第二学期高中英语练习卷

2025学年第二学期高中英语练习卷考生注意：1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。2．本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3．务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。I.GrammarandvocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ARiskyInoculation(预防接种)thatChangedRussiaCatherinetheGreatsetouttodefineRussiaasanextremelyimportantpowerinEurope.Herruleremainedstable____1____theyearof1768,whensomethingbegantothreatenherpeopleandherposition—anancientdiseasenamedsmallpox.Bythe18thcentury,smallpox____2____(become)particularlydeadly.Oneinfivepeoplewhocaughtitdied.Itwasparticularlydangerousforchildren,soparentswouldbeadvisednottocounttheirchildrenunlesstheysurvivedsmallpox.Therewasabsolutely____3____thatcouldbedone.Peopletriedkeepingpatientshot____4____(sweat)thediseaseoutorevenbleedingthem,neitherofwhichdidanygood.Sincethe16thcentury,therehadbeeninoculation____5____(practise)widelyinChina,theMiddleEastandTurkey.Itinvolvedapersonbeinggivenacontrolleddose(剂量)ofthedisease.Atinydropofpus(脓液)fromthespotsofsomeonewiththedisease____6____(collect).Thentheliveviruswasputintoacutonthearmofthehealthyperson.In1767,aBritishdoctornamedDinsdalepublishedaninstructionmanualandintroducedhiswaytoinoculatesafely.Andthat’s____7____hecametotheattentionofCatherinetheGreat.Inthe1760s,inoculationwasn’tacommonpracticeinRussia,aland____8____therewas“enormousdistrust”againstit.Catherinemadethebravedecisiontoexperimentwithtreatmentfirst.SheputherfaithinscienceandherlifeinthehandsofDinsdale,____9____(call)forhimin1768totreatherandherfamily.Catherine’sinoculationwentsowellthatherexperienceencouragedherpeopletogetinoculated,too.Indeed,herfirstexperimentdemonstratedgreatresolutionandfirmnessofhermind.Toherpeople,sheprojectedanimageofherself____10____acaringruler.ShewasrememberedforadvancingpublichealthinRussiaandsavingmillionsoflives.SectionB(10分)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.opennessB.translatingC.ancientD.reducedE.dramaticF.personallyG.fixedH.suggestI.balanceJ.emotionallyK.copyingListeningtotheElementsIntheworldofcontemporaryclassicalmusic,fewcomposershaveexploredculturaldialogueasquietlyandpersistentlyasQigangChen.BorninShanghaiandtrainedinFrance,Chenhasspentdecades____11____ChinesephilosophicalideasintoamusicallanguageofWesterntraditions.Oneofhismostwidelyperformedworks,WuXing(TheFiveElements),offersamarvellousexampleofhow____12____wisdomcanbereinterpretedformodernaudience.Completedinthelate1990s,WuXingisafive-movementorchestralpiece(管弦乐曲)inspiredbythetraditionalChineseconceptthatviewstheuniverseasadynamic____13____offiveforces:metal,wood,water,fireandearth.Insteadoftreatingtheseelementsas____14____symbols,Chenpresentsthemaspartofacontinuouscycleinwhicheachgeneratesthenext.Thisideaofmovementandtransformationliesattheheartofthecomposition.Theworkopensnotwitha(n)____15____statementbutwithreserve.Slightchangesintextureandcoloursuggesttheflowofwater,whilelatermovementsintroducesharperrhythmsandbrightersoundstoindicatefireandmetal.Chenavoidsdirectly____16____traditionalChinesemusic.Forhim,traditionisnotsomethingtobedirectlydisplayedbutsomethingtobeabsorbedandreshaped.HeusesthefullresourcesofaWesternorchestrato____17____qualitiessuchasweight,flowandtension.Indoingso,heinviteslistenerstoexperiencethephilosophy____18____ratherthanintellectually.Atatimewhenglobalcultureisoften____19____toeasylabels,Chen’sworkoffersaquieteralternative.WuXingdoesnotexplainthefiveelements;itlistenstothem.Itimpliesthatculturalexchangeinmusicdoesnotdependongranddisplay,butonpatience,disciplineanda(n)____20____totransformation.Andinthatsilencebetweensounds,somethingnewisborn.II.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Tovisitors,theItaliancityofVenicedisplaysasplendidpictureofhistoricbuildings,waterways,belltowers,andredroofs.Yetthecityalsofeaturesamighty(威猛的)wingedlion,the____21____ofwhatwasoncecalledtheVenetianRepublic(697-1797).Lionsofvarioussizesandmaterialswerecarvedintostructuresthroughoutitsstreetsandsquares.Amongthem,perhapsthe____22____versionisabronzestatuestandingatopacolumnnearSt.Mark’sSquare.Now,newevidencesuggeststhatthisfamousstatuemayhaveoriginatednotinEurope,butinChina.Usingchemicalanalysisonsamplestakenfromthesculpture,ateamfromtheUniversityofPadua____23____themetalusedinthestatuetotheYangtzeRiverregioninChina.Theirfindings____24____long-heldassumptionsaboutthestatue’sorigins.Forcenturies,expertshadbelieveditwascraftedeitherinItalyortheMiddleEast—yetitsstylishuniquenessremainedanenduring____25____.Thenewdiscoverymayfinallyhelpsolvethatmystery.ThoughinstalledinSt.Mark’sSquareduringthe13thcentury,thelionshowsasurprising____26____toartworkproducedinChinaduringtheTangDynasty,ratherthanthatfoundinmedieval(中世纪的)MediterraneanEurope.Theresearcherspointtospecificfeatures—theshapeofitsnose,aswellasscars(疤痕)indicatingthe____27____ofearlierhorns—asconvincingevidence.Further____28____thecomplexity,thecolumnonwhichthelionstandsisofMiddleEastorigin.Andrecordsshowthestatuehasundergonemultiplerepairs,theearliestdatingbackto1293.“ItispossiblethatMarcoPolo’sfatheranduncle,duringtheirfour-yearstayinChina,playedakeyrolein____29____thesculpture,”theresearchersnote.Ifso,theobjecttheybroughtbackwas_____30_____azhènmùshòu—afiercelion-likegraveguardianfromtheTangDynasty.OncetransportedtoItaly,thestatuewaslikely“carefullyandlaboriouslyreshaped”to_____31_____theimageofthewingedlionofSt.Mark,theyadd.The_____32_____includeremovingitsoriginalhornsandaddingastone“wig”—apieceofheadwearthatsignifiespowerandauthority._____33_____,writtenrecordsareabsent,leavingtheexactcircumstancesofitsjourneyopentointerpretation.“Thoughtheinstallationofthelionwasintendedtoprojecta(n)_____34_____politicalmessage,wemaynowalsoviewitasagentlereminderoftheconnectednessofthemedievalworld,”theresearchersconclude.Ultimately,thelionisaquietwitnesstothehidden_____35_____thatoncewovetheworldtogether.21.A.territory B.title C.symbol D.status22.A.worst-affected B.least-visited C.most-needed D.best-known23.A.owed B.traced C.dated D.applied24.A.confirm B.overlook C.challenge D.revise25.A.puzzle B.ritual C.appeal D.beauty26.A.comparison B.contrast C.dedication D.similarity27.A.function B.removal C.renewal D.destruction28.A.breakingdown B.puttingaside C.addingto D.takingaway29.A.acquiring B.ruining C.studying D.designing30.A.eventually B.originally C.controversially D.rarely31.A.present B.protect C.post D.print32.A.innovations B.interventions C.decorations D.modifications33.A.Additionally B.Consequently C.Unfortunately D.Accordingly34.A.vague B.powerful C.urgent D.dangerous35.A.treasures B.figures C.threads D.patternsSectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AnAustralian13-year-oldboyswam4kmtoshoreandthenrananother2kmtogethelpforhisfamily,whowerestrandedatsea.AustinAppelbeewascalled“superhuman”forwhathedid.Expertssayhisextraordinaryeffortwentbeyondwhatpeopletypicallyconsiderpossible.Austinandhisfamilywereonholidaywhensuddenlystrongwindsblewtheirboardsawayfromtheshore.Hismother,Joanne,toldhimtoswimtolandforhelp.Sheknewhewasthestrongestswimmerandthathecoulddoit.Austinfirsttriedtopaddleakayak(皮划艇),butittookontoomuchwaterinthebadweather,sohehadtoabandonit.Abouttwohourslater,hetookoffhislifejacket.“Iwasdepleted,butIcouldhardlyfeelthetiredness,”hesaid.“Ijustkeptonswimming—doingbreaststroke,freestyle,andevensurvivalbackstroke.”Afterswimming4kmtoshoreinthefadinglight,theteenagerrananother2kmtohisfamily’shotel.Atabout6p.m.,heusedhismother’sphonetocallforhelp.“Itoldthem,‘Ineedhelicopters.Ineedplanes.Ineedboats.Myfamily’soutatsea.’Iwasverycalmaboutit.Ithinkitwasjustalotofshock,”herecalled.Rightafterthecall,hefaintedfromexhaustionandwastakentohospital.Hisfamilywerelaterfoundfloatingabout14kmoffshoreandrescued.Dangerousmomentscanhelppeoplegobeyondtheirlimitsandthebodyreleasesstresshormonestoassistwithshort-durationactivity.Butforaswimlastinghours,survivalbackstroke—aswimmingstyleaimedatconservingenergyinsaltwater—wascrucial.Austinstartedswimminglessonsatagefour.Hepreviouslyfoundit“quitetiring”toswimjust350meterswithoutabreak.However,thistimehemadeitandprovedtobeatruehero.36.WhydidAustinsetoutforhelpbyhimself?A.Hisfamilyweretrappedfarfromtheshore.B.Thekayakhisfamilyusedwassinkingfast.C.Astrongstormseparatedhimfromhisparents.D.Hetriedtoprovehewasthestrongestswimmer.37.Theunderlinedword“depleted”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.cheeredup B.blownaway C.calmeddown D.burnedout38.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatenabledAustintoaccomplishthislong-durationswim?A.Stresshormonesreleasedindangeroussituations.B.Survivalbackstrokeconservingenergyinsaltwater.C.Theencouragementhereceivedfromtherescueteam.DTheswimmingtraininghehadreceivedovertheyears.39.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.A13-year-oldBoy’sHeroicRescueB.TheSciencebehindHumanLimitsC.AFamily’sUnexpectedAdventureD.TheValueofSwimmingTraining(B)Readingareceiptinvolvesidentifyingthecontactinformationforthebusiness,locatingthedateandtime,reviewingtheitemizedlistofproductswithprices,andcheckingthesubtotal,taxes,andfinaltotalatthebottom.Importantdetailsalsoincludepaymentmethod(cash/card)andtheuniquereferencenumber.FreshGroceryStore6MainStreetCash2–2025/5/23ThecontactinformationforthebusinessThedateofthepurchaseFruits/VegetablesOnions£1.30BakeryBread£2.59RefrigeratedProductsButter£4.99MeatWholeroastedchicken£12.54GroceryCannedcrushedtomatoes£2.49Rice1.4kg£6.99Chocolatebar110g£1.99Papertowels2units£149BeautyandHealthHandsoap£2.79Subtotal£37.17Tax£2.30Total£39.47Cash£40.00Change£0.53Thankyouforyourtrustandseeyounexttime!**ClientCopy**KeepthiscopyforyourrecordsThelistofwhatyouboughtTheamountofthepurchasesThetotalamountoftaxes*ThetotalamounttopayThepaymentmethodused-Cash-CardReturnsareallowedwiththeoriginalsalesreceiptAnyitemmaybereturnedforanexchangeorrefundwithin14daysofpurchase,provideditisinitsoriginalpackaging.Afterthisperiod,onlyexchangesareaccepted.Someexceptionsapply.Seethedetailsin-store.Returnpolicies*Taxesareoneoftheprimarysourcesofincomeforgovernments.Themoneyisusedtofundallgovernmentspending,includingpublicservicessuchashealthcare,educationandtransportation.Whytaxcustomersandbusinesses?40.Itcanbelearnedfromthereceiptthat________.A.thetaxwasalreadyincludedinthesubtotalB.thebuttermayneedtobestoredinafridgeC.thestoresellscookedfoodproductsexclusivelyD.thecustomerhandedovertheexactamountofcash41.IfthecustomerdecidedtoreturnthehandsoaponJune15,2025,he________.A.couldexpectafullrefundfromthestoreB.wouldbeaskedtoprovideproofofpaymentCshouldremembertorepackagetheproductD.wouldnotbeallowedtomakeanexchange42.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Toadvertisetheproductsinthestore.B.Toinstructstaffoncustomerservice.C.Tohighlightthestore’staxingpolicy.D.Toteachpeoplehowtoreadareceipt.(C)InFrenchculture,sevenisknownasl’âgederaison—theageatwhichchildrencantellrightfromwrongandassumesomemoralresponsibility.YetFrance’snationalrailoperatorappearstodisagree.Theybelievethatchildrenmustbeatleast12tobehaveappropriatelyonatrain.Earlierthismonth,SNCF,thestate-ownedrailwaycompany,launcheditsnewOptimumPlustariff(费用)onweekdayrailservicesbetweenParisandLyon,offeringlargerseats,betterfoodandnounder-12s.Designedtoattractbusinesstravellers,themovearousedcriticismandawiderdebateabouttheplaceofchildreninsociety,particularlyatatimeofdecliningbirthrates.“Wecan’tsaywe’renothavingenoughchildrenandatthesametimetrytoexcludethemfromeverywhere,”arguedSarahElHairy,aFrenchofficial.Thosewhohaveenduredlongjourneyswithnoisychildrenmayunderstandtheappealofchild-freespaces.Butthereactionreflectsastrongculturalobjection.Francetraditionallygrantschildrenautonomyandresponsibility,prioritisingtheirintegrationintowidersociety.Childrenareexpectedtotakepartineverydayrituals,fromelaborateschoollunchestopolitegreetings.Theunderlyinglogicissimple:treatingchildrenasvalued,responsiblemembersofsocietyhelpsthembecomerespectfuladults.Excludingthemfrompublicspacesweakensthatlesson.The“nokids”rulethereforestruckanerve.SNCF,closelytiedtoFrenchidentityandsummerholidays,isgenerallyfamily-friendly.Forexample,activitypacksaredistributedtoyoungtravellers,andsummertrainsoftencarrygroupsofchildrenheadingtocamps.Afterthesocialmediastorm,SNCFstressedthatthenewtariffappliestoonly8%ofweekdayseatsononerouteandlaterremovedreferencestoaminimumage.Yetdebatecontinues.Criticsarguethatasocietyunwillingtotoleratechildrenistroubling.Thecontroversyalsoconnectswithdemographic(人口的)anxiety.AlthoughFrancestillhasoneofthehighestbirthratesintheEU,birthshavefallensharply,with24%fewerbabiesbornlastyearthanin2010.TheFrenchgovernmenthascalledforexpandingpaidparentalleaveandmaintainingextensivefamilysupport.Still,concernsaboutlivingcostsandtheclimatecrisisweighheavilyondecisionsaboutparenthood.SNCF’spolicymayaffectonlyasmallnumberofseats,butthereactionmatters.Keepingchildrenwelcomeinpublicspaceswillnotreversefallingbirthrates.Treatingthemastroubles,however,isunlikelytohelp.43.WhydidSNCFlaunchtheOptimumPlustariff?A.Toofferlargerseatstochildrenunder12.B.Toappealtofrequentbusinesstravellers.C.Toencouragepublicdiscussionaboutchildren.D.Topromotethesaleofrailticketsonweekends.44.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSNCFaccordingtothepassage?A.Itinsistsonthe“nokids”ruledespitestrongopposition.B.Ithaslongbeencriticizedfornotbeingfamily-friendly.C.Ithasattemptedtosoftentheimpactofthenewpolicy.D.Itpromisestograntyoungpassengersmoreautonomy.45.The“nokids”policyarousespublicconcerninFrancebecause_______.A.itconflictswithFrance’straditionalattitudetochildrenB.ithasfurtherdecreasedthebirthrateamongFrenchC.itlimitschildren’saccesstoallpublictransportationD.itmaycausestress-relatednerveproblemsinchildren46.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudeinthepassage?A.Neutralandmixedaboutthepolicy’ssocialimpact.B.Concernedandcriticalof“no-kids”ruleonboard.C.Worriedbutsupportiveofpoliciesfavouringparents.D.Suspiciousyetrespectfuloftherailoperator’spolicy.SectionC(8分)Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ACowShocksScientistsbyUsingaToolThesmartanimalclubcontinuestoaddnewmembers,andthenewestmightsurpriseyou.Inastudynewlypublished,scientistsfromtheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineanalyzedthebehaviorofapetcowinAustrianamedVeronikaandconcludedthatitqualifiesastooluse.Thedefinitionoftooluseisactuallyratherstrict.____47____Despiteroughly10,000yearsofhuman-cattlecoexistence,thisisthefirsttimescientistshavedocumentedacowusingatool.____48____Theythenrecordedwhichendshegrabbedandwhichpartofherbodyshescratched(挠).Accordingtotheresearchers,Veronikarolledouthertonguelikeacarpet,usingitsflexibletiptograbthestickandrollitintohermouth.Shethenheldthebrushsteadily,turnedherneck,andscratchedherself.Thisobservationmadescientistsreconsidercows’intelligence.____49____Veronika,asresearchersnoted,haddifferentpreferencesforscratchingdifferentareasofherbody.Forexample,whentargetingthesofterandmoresensitiveregionsofherlowerbody,sheswitchesovertothesmoothstickend.Moreover,whenscratchingherupperbody,Veronikauseswiderandmoreforcefulmovements,whileherlower-bodyscratchingisslower,morecareful,andhighlycontrolled.“ThetestconfirmedVeronika’sbehaviorwasintentionalandcontrolled,”saysRobertShumaker,anevolutionarybiologist.____50____Thereisalreadyevidencethatothermammalslikewaterbuffaloandgoatsareknowntoolusers.A.Moresurprisingly,theanimalcanevenadjusthowshehandlesthetool.B.Themulti-purposenatureoftooluseisbeyondeveryone’sexpectations.C.Herlifecircumstancesmaytosomeextentexplainthisuniquebehavior.D.Ananimalmustintentionallygraspandcontrolanobjecttoachieveagoal.E.TotestVeronika’sskills,researchersplacedabrushonthegroundnearher.F.Heisexcitedtoaddcowstothelistoftool-usinganimals,butnotsurprised.III.SummaryWriting(10分)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Algorithm(算法)FatigueAlgorithmfatigueisthetirednessfrombeing“perfectlytargeted”byeveryplatform.Onmultiplee-commerceapps,the“RecommendedforYou”andprecisetargetingfeaturesoncefeltlikemagic.Now,itjustseemsexhausting.Whenanalgorithmistooaccurate,itfeelslikeaspy.Theperfectcontentitgeneratesfixesoureyesonscreens;it’slikeaddictivepotatochips.Thebiggestissueisthatitremovesthe“happyaccident”.Algorithmsarelogical,buthumansareunpredictable.Whenalgorithmsgettoogood,wearetrappedinaninformationbubblethatsimplymirrorsourownopinions.Meanwhile,whenacomputerdecideswhatwesee,wearenolongerthepilotofourownattention.Ourchoicesarenolongertrulyours—theyarepredicted,shaped,andfedbacktous.Atitscore,algorithmfatiguesignalsafundamentallossofautonomy.Welosenotonlythejoyofdiscovery,butalsothecapacitytoknowwhatwemighthavechosenonourown.Lookingahead,technologyisheretostay,andalgorithmsdohelpusinmanyways.Butbalanceisneeded.Fordevelopers,thechallengeistobuildsystemsthatleaveroomfortheunexpected.Futureappscouldincludea“surpriseme”button—onet