2025-2026学年上海市普陀区八年级（上）期末英语试卷（五四学制）(含详细答案解析)

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2025-2026学年上海市普陀区八年级（上）期末英语试卷（五四学制）一、语法选择：本大题共10小题，共10分。Once

there

was

a

little

boy

who

often

lost

his

temper.

His

father

(1)

him

a

bag

of

nails

and

said，

"

(2)

you

get

angry，hammer（

锤）

one

nail

into

the

back

of

the

fence."

(3)

the

first

day，the

boy

hammered

thirty-seven

nails

into

the

fence.

Over

the

next

few

weeks，as

he

learned

(4)

his

anger，the

number

of

nails

he

used

became

fewer

and

fewer.

He

discovered

(5)

it

was

easier

to

stay

calm

than

to

hammer

those

nails

into

the

fence.

Finally，one

day，the

boy

didn't

lose

his

temper

at

all.

He

told

his

father

(6)

.

His

father

said，

"That's

great!

Now，for

every

day

you

stay

calm，pull

out

one

nail."

Days

passed，and

at

last，the

boy

told

(7)

father

that

all

the

nails

were

gone.

The

father

took

his

son

by

the

hand

(8)

led

him

to

the

fence.

He

said，

"You

(9)

well，my

son.

But

look

at

the

holes

in

the

fence.

The

fence

will

never

be

the

same

again.

When

you

say

(10)

in

anger，it

leaves

a

mark

just

like

this.

You

can

hurt

someone

with

your

words，and

even

if

you

say

sorry，the

wound

will

still

be

there."1.A.give B.gave C.has

given2.A.If B.Until C.Although3.A.In B.On C.At4.A.control B.controlling C.tocontrol5.A.that B.when C.where6.A.pride B.proud C.proudly7.A.he B.his C.him8.A.and B.but C.or9.A.do B.willdo C.havedone10.A.nothing B.something C.everything二、完形填空：本大题共6小题，共12分。Oneday，OscarWildetookatrainfromEnglandtoFranceforashortholiday.Oscarlovedtodresswell，soheworealongcoat，(11)shoes，andabrightgreentie.Hecarriedonlyonesmallsuitcase.

WhenthetrainarrivedinFrance，allpassengershadtogothroughcustoms（海关）.Customsofficers(12)bagstomakesurepeoplearenotbringinganythingdangerousorvaluableintothecountry.Manypassengerslookedupsetasofficersopenedtheirsuitcases，butOscarstoodcalmlyinline，smilingasifeverythingwascompletely(13)tohim.

Whenitwashisturn，thecustomsofficer，dressedinadarkblueuniform，askedtheusualquestion，"Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare（申报）？"

Oscarshookhishead.Theofficerrepeatedthequestionmore(14)，"Sir，doyouhaveanythingtodeclare？"

Oscarsmiledproudlyandreplied，"Ihavenothingtodeclarebutmygenius（天赋）!"

Foramoment，theairseemedto(15).Theofficerstaredathiminsurprise.Then，slowly，herelaxedandcamebacktohimself.Severalpassengersnearbyalsolaughed.Thejokesoonspreadthroughthecrowd，andevenpeopleatthebackofthelinerealisedthatsomething(16)hadhappened.

"Well，Mr.Wilde，"theofficersaid，stillamused，"welcometoFrance.Pleaseenjoyyourvisit."Fromthenon，peoplelovedretellingthestoryofthemanwhodeclarednothing—excepthisgenius.11.A.shining B.smelly C.sports D.private12.A.double B.check C.clear D.figure13.A.strange B.limited C.familiar D.rare14.A.happily B.probably C.fully D.seriously15.A.dance B.rise C.freeze D.blow16.A.terrible B.funny C.dangerous D.boring三、补全对话-填空：本大题共1小题，共6分。17.A：It's

raining

outside.Let's

order

food.

B：Good

idea.（1）______

Thai

food？（表达建议）

A：Thai

food

sounds

great!You

always

choose

good

food

to

eat.

B：Thanks!

A：So，（2）______

do

we

have

to

wait？（询问时间信息）

B：The

delivery

app

says

we

need

to

wait

30

minutes.

A：That's

fine.I

don't

want

to

go

out

in

the

rain.

B：Neither

do

I.

A：Do

you

use

food

delivery

apps

a

lot？

B：Yes，I

do.I

don't

cook，so

on

rainy

days

like

this，I

order

food.

A：I

understand.Delivery

apps

are

very

easy

to

use.

B：Yes，they

are!（3）______

that

more

people

will

use

these

apps

in

the

future.（谈论可能性）(1)

(2)

(3)

四、阅读理解：本大题共8小题，共16分。A

Summeriscoming.Itisagreattimetogooutsideatnightandlookatthestars.Youcanwatchthestarswithyourfamilyorfriends.Anadultcanhelpyoufindalocalastronomy（天文学group.Herearesomeeasystepstogetstarted：

1.LookattheMoon

YouhaveseentheMoonmanytimes.Butdidyouknowitchangeshowtheskylooks？Afullmoonisverybright，soitishardertoseestarsandplanets.Thebesttimetolookattheskyisduringanewmoon，whentheMoonisverysmallornotvisible.Anewmoonhappensaboutonceamonth.

2.FindaGoodPlace

Whenitisclosetothenewmoon，chooseanightthatisnotcloudy.Askanadulttohelpyoufindadarkplaceawayfromstreetlightsandcarlights.Theselightsmakeithardertoseethestars.Remember，youreyesneedabout30minutestogetusedtothedark.

3.LookforPlanets

Afteryoureyesadjust（适应），lookforthebrightestobjectsinthesky-theseareoftenplanets.YoucanseeVenus，Mars，Jupiter，andSaturnwithoutatelescope.Venusisverybrightandlookslikeabigstarinthewesternskyjustaftersunset.

4.UseaStarMaporApp

Youcanuseasimplestarmaporafreeapponaphoneorpadtohelpfindstarsandplanets.Thesetoolsshowwhatisintheskyatthattimeandhelpyourecognizedifferentobjects.Usingamaporappmakeswatchingstarsmorefunandhelpsyouenjoythenightskyevenmore.18.Whenisthebesttimetolookatstars？______A.Duringafullmooninspring. B.Duringanewmooninsummer.

C.Duringafullmooninautumn. D.Duringanewmooninwinter.19.Whereisagoodplacetolookatthestars？______A.Onacloudybeach. B.Inabrightstreet.

C.Onadarkmountaintop. D.Inathickforest.20.Whichplanetlookslikeabigstarinthewesternsky？______A.Venus. B.Mars. C.Jupiter. D.Saturn.21.Whydoweneedastarmaporafreeapp？______A.Totakenotes. B.Todrawpictures.

C.Totakephotos. D.Tolocatestars.BMyrahasanine-year-olddaughter,whoreallywantsherownsmartphone.ButMyraisnotsureifitisagoodidea.Shesaid,

"I'mworriedabouthowmuchtimeshewillspendonherphoneandwhatshemightseeonline.She'sonlynine!Atthesametime,Idon'twanthertofeelleftoutbecausesomeofherfriendsalreadyhavephones."

Herdaughterwantstochatwithherbestfriends,watchvideos,andfollowonlinetrends.ButMyraistorn--shecan'tdecideifsheshouldgiveherdaughteraphoneornot.Beingtornmeansfeelinganxiousbecauseyoucan'tmakeachoice.

Manyparentshavethesameproblem.Shouldtheygivetheirchildrenasmartphoneandriskharm,orsaynoandriskmakingthemfeelleftout？In2024,twomums,DaisyandClare,startedanonlinegrouptosupportparents.Theywantedchildrentoavoidsmartphonesuntilage14andsocialmediauntilage16.ThegroupgrewquicklyandbecamepopularasSmartphoneFreeChildhood.Over100,000peopleintheUKjoined.

Now,therearegroupsin18countries.Theyencouragechildrentospendtimewithfriendsintheold-fashionedway--face-to-face,notjustonscreens.Onaverage,teenagersspendaboutninehoursadayonscreens!Thesegroupshelpchildrenenjoytheirfriendsandplaywithoutspendingtoomuchtimeonline.22.Ifyouareleftoutatschool，youwillfeel______.A.angry B.relaxed C.lonely D.surprised23.Myrafeelsworriedbecause______.A.herdaughterwantsasmartphone

B.herdaughterhaslearningdifficulties

C.sheistiredofherwork

D.shecan'tmakeachoice24.WhydoesSmartphoneFreeChildhoodbecomepopular？______A.Becausemanyparentshavethesameproblem.

B.Becausemanychildrenhavesmartphones.

C.Becausemanychildrenfeelleftoutatschool.

D.Becausemanyparentsspendalotoftimeonline.25.WhatdoSmartphoneFreeChildhoodgroupsdo？______A.Encouragechildrentotalkfreely.

B.Helpteenagersavoidtoomuchscreentime.

C.Designafter-schoolactivitiesforchildren.

D.Teachchildrenhowtousephonessafely.五、任务型阅读-简答：本大题共1小题，共12分。26.Intheearly19thcentury，Londonwasabusyandcrowdedcityfilledwithfactories，smoke，andnoise.Ten-year-oldTommyBriggslivedtherewithhismotherandlittlesister，Annie.AfterTommy'sfatherdiedinanaccidentatthedocks（码头），thefamilybecameverypoor.Theymovedintoatiny，wetroomaboveanoldbakery.Thewallswerecold，andthesmellofsmokeandstale（变质的）breadfilledtheair.Theyhadverylittlemoney，soTommywantedtohelp.

Atthattime，manypoorchildrenhadtowork.Tommyfoundajobatatextilefactory（纺织厂）neartheRiverThames.Everymorning，hewokeupbeforesunriseandwalkedthroughdark，muddystreetstoreachthefactory.Smokefromchimneys（烟囱）hungintheair，makinghimcough.

Thefactorywasloudandovercrowded.Hugemachinesfilledtheroom，clackingandworkingalldaylong.Tommy'sjobwasdangerous；hehadtomoveonhandsandkneesunderthemachinestocollectcotton.Themachinesneverstopped，andonewrongmovecouldleadtoseriousinjury，Tommyoftenfeltscared，butheneededthemoney.

Heworkedtwelvehoursaday，sixdaysaweek.Lunchwasusuallyjustasmallpieceofbreadoracoldpotato.Tommyfelttiredmostofthetime，andhishandsbecameroughandredfromthework.Still，hetriedtostaypositive.Sometimeshetoldjokestotheotherchildrentomakethemsmile.

Everyevening，whenTommyreturnedhomecoveredindust，hismotherhuggedhimtightly."Oneday，thingswillbebetter，"shesaidgently.

Tommyheldontothathope.Hedreamedthat（6）.(1)WhatwasLondonlikeintheearly19thcentury？

______(2)WhydidTommyhavetoworkatatextilefactory？

______(3)WhendidTommywakeupeverymorning？

______(4)WhatdidTommydoatthetextilefactory？

______(5)HowdidTommyfeelmostofthetime？

______(6)WhatdidTommydreamof？Fillintheblankof（6）.

______六、选词填空-短文：本大题共1小题，共4分。27.

A.reports

B.imagine

C.private

D.including

E.positiveArtificial

intelligence

（AI）

is

now

a

big

part

of

our

lives.

It

is

a

new

technology

that

can

do

many

things

and

is

changing

how

we

live.

Some

people

have

a（1）______

view

of

AI，but

others

worry

that

AI

is

becoming

too

clever.

More

than

one

thousand

technology

experts，（2）______

Elon

Musk，signed

a

letter

asking

the

world

to

slow

down

the

development

of

very

advanced

AI.

They

think

it

could

be

dangerous

for

people

and

society.

Some（3）______

say

AI

might

take

many

jobs

in

the

future，but

it

could

also

create

new

jobs.

AI

tools

like

ChatGPT

can

help

students

do

homework，and

machines

can

learn

new

things

by

themselves.

Other

people

feel

hopeful.

They（4）______

AI

helping

us

solve

big

problems.

Bill

Gates

says

governments

should

work

with

companies

to

make

AI

safe.

If

we

use

it

wisely，AI

will

probably

help

make

our

future

better.(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

七、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。28.Write

at

least

60

words

according

to

the

given

situation（根据以下情境写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）

Suppose

you

are

Li

Hua，a

student

from

Starlight

School.Your

school

plans

to

renovate（改造）a

space

on

campus

（such

as

a

classroom，computer

room，laboratory，library，playground，small

garden，corridor，canteen，etc.）

and

is

now

seeking

opinions

from

students.Please

write

a

letter

to

the

headmaster's

mailbox

to

express

your

ideas.

假设你是星光学校的一名学生一一李华。你们学校计划改造校内的一处空间（如教室、电脑房、实验室、图书馆、操场、小花园、走廊、食堂等），现在征询同学们的意见。请你给校长信箱写一封信，表达你的意见和想法：

（1）Which

space

on

campus

do

you

want

to

renovate（改造）most？

（2）What

problems

does

this

space

have

now？

（3）What

changes

do

you

want

to

see

in

this

space

after

renovation（改进）？Explain

your

reasons.

信件开头如下：

Dear

Headmaster，

I

want

to

have

a

new______.

答案和解析1~10.【答案】B、A、B、C、A、C、B、A、C、B【解析】1.

考查动词时态。句意：他的父亲给了他一袋钉子并说。give

给，原形；gave

给，过去式；has

given

已经给，现在完成时。根据全文的过去时叙事背景及并列动词

"said"（过去式）可知，此处需用一般过去时，故选B。

2.

考查连词。句意：如果你生气了，就在篱笆后面钉一颗钉子。If如果；Until直到；Although虽然。根据"yougetangry，hammeronenailintothebackofthefence."（你生气了，就在篱笆后面钉一颗钉子。）的句子逻辑，前半句是后半句动作发生的条件，需用If引导条件状语从句，故选A。

3.

考查介词。句意：在第一天，男孩往篱笆上钉了37颗钉子。In在……里（用于年、月、季节）；On在（用于具体某一天）；At在（具体时刻）。根据"thefirstday"（第一天）可知，具体的某一天前需用介词On，故选B。

4.

考查非谓语动词。句意：在接下来的几周里，随着他学会控制他的愤怒，他使用的钉子数量变得越来越少。control控制，原形；controlling控制，动名词；tocontrol控制，不定式。根据"ashelearned...hisanger"可知，learntodosth."学习做某事"为固定搭配，故选C。

5.

考查宾语从句引导词。句意：他发现保持冷静比往篱笆上钉那些钉子更容易。that（无实义，引导宾语从句）；when当……时；where在哪里。根据"Hediscovered...itwaseasiertostaycalmthantohammerthosenailsintothefence."（他发现保持冷静比往篱笆上钉那些钉子更容易。）可知，空后是完整的陈述句，作discovered的宾语，需用that引导宾语从句，故选A。

6.

考查词性辨析。句意：他把这件事自豪地告诉了他的父亲。pride骄傲，名词；proud骄傲的，形容词；proudly骄傲地，副词。根据"Hetoldhisfather..."（他告诉了父亲）可知，空处修饰动词told，修饰动词需用副词，故选C。

7.

考查代词。句意：日子一天天过去，最后，男孩告诉他的父亲所有的钉子都没有了。he他，主格；his他的，形容词性物主代词；him他，宾格。根据"told...fatherthat..."可知，空后是名词father，需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故选B。

8.

考查连词。句意：父亲拉着儿子的手并把他带到篱笆前。and和（表并列/顺承）；but但是（表转折）；or或者（表选择）。根据"tookhissonbythehand...ledhimtothefence"（拉着儿子的手并把他带到篱笆前。）可知，"拉着手"和"带到篱笆前"是顺承发生的两个动作，需用and连接，故选A。

9.

考查动词时态。句意：他说："你做得很好，我的儿子。但是看看篱笆上的洞。"do做，原形；willdo将做，一般将来时；havedone已经做，现在完成时。根据"You...well，myson."（你很好，我的儿子。）可知，此处是父亲对儿子过去行为的肯定，强调过去动作对现在的影响，需用现在完成时，故选C。

10.

考查不定代词。句意：当你生气地说一些话时，它会像这样留下一个印记。nothing没什么；something某事，一些话；everything一切。根据"itleavesamarkjustlikethis"（它会像这样留下一个印记。）和后句"Youcanhurtsomeonewithyourwords"（你的话会伤害他人）可知，此处指生气时说出的一些话，故选B。11~16.【答案】A、B、C、D、C、B【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：奥斯卡喜欢穿着得体，所以他穿了一件长外套、闪亮的鞋子和一条亮绿色的领带。shining闪亮的；smelly有臭味的；sports运动的；private私人的。根据"Oscarlovedtodresswell"（奥斯卡喜欢穿得很好）可知，他注重穿着，所以鞋子是"闪亮的"。故选A。

（2）考查动词。句意：海关官员检查行李以确保人们没有携带任何危险或贵重物品入境。double双倍；check检查；clear清除；figure计算。根据"bagstomakesurepeoplearenotbringinganythingdangerous"（确保人们没有携带任何危险物品的袋子）可知，海关官员的职责是"检查"行李。故选B。

（3）考查形容词。句意：许多乘客在官员打开他们的行李箱时看起来心烦意乱，但奥斯卡平静地排队站着，微笑着，仿佛一切对他来说都完全熟悉。strange奇怪的；limited有限的；familiar熟悉的；rare稀有的。根据"butOscarstoodcalmlyinline，smiling"（但是奥斯卡微笑着平静地站在队伍中）可知，他对海关流程很"熟悉"，所以很平静。故选C。

（4）考查副词。句意：官员更严肃地重复了这个问题："先生，您有什么要申报的吗？"happily快乐地；probably可能地；fully完全地；seriously严肃地。根据"Theofficerrepeatedthequestionmore..."（警官又重复了一遍这个问题……）可知，在奥斯卡第一次摇头后，官员更加"严肃地"重复问题。故选D。

（5）考查动词。句意：有那么一会儿，空气似乎凝固了。dance跳舞；rise升起；freeze凝固，冻结；blow吹。根据"Theofficerstaredathiminsurprise."（军官惊讶地盯着他。）可知，这个出人意料的回答让现场气氛瞬间"凝固"了。故选C。

（6）考查形容词。句意：这个笑话很快在人群中传开，甚至队伍后面的人也意识到发生了什么有趣的事情。terrible糟糕的；funny有趣的；dangerous危险的；boring无聊的。根据"Thejokesoonspreadthroughthecrowd"和"evenpeopleatthebackofthelinerealisedthatsomething...hadhappened"（这个笑话很快在人群中传开了"和"甚至排在队伍后面的人也意识到了一些事情...已经发生了）可知，这是个"有趣的"笑话。故选B。

本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作家奥斯卡•王尔德在通过法国海关时，以其机智幽默的回答"除了我的天赋，我没什么可申报的"而闻名的一段轶事。

首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。17.【答案】【小题1】Howabout/Whatabout【小题2】howlong【小题3】It'spossible【解析】1.

根据上文"Let's

order

food.（我们点菜吧。）"和下文"Thai

food

sounds

great!（泰菜听起来非常美味！）"可知，此处是在提出点餐的建议，询问对方对泰餐的看法。结合备选词汇，"How

about/What

about"用于提出建议或询问意见，符合语境。故填How

about/What

about。

2.

根据答语"Thedeliveryappsaysweneedtowait30minutes.（送餐应用程序显示要等30分钟。）"可知，此处是在询问需要等待的时间长度。结合备选词汇，"howlong"用于询问时间长度，符合语境。故填howlong。

3.

根据上文"Deliveryappsareveryeasytouse.（送餐应用程序使用起来非常方便。）"和下文"thatmorepeoplewillusetheseappsinthefuture.（未来会有更多人使用这些应用程序。）"可知，此处是在对外卖应用程序的未来发展趋势进行预测，认为未来可能会有更多人使用这些应用程序。"It'spossible"表示"有可能"，用于对未来情况的预测，符合语境。故填It'spossible。18~21.【答案】B、C、A、D【解析】略

1.

细节理解题。根据第3段Thebesttimetolookattheskyisduringanewmoon，whentheMoonisverysmallornotvisible.Anewmoonhappensaboutonceamonth.（观赏天空的最佳时机是在新月期间，此时月亮非常小或者根本看不见。新月大约每月出现一次。）可知，最佳观星时间是在新月期间，此时月亮很小或看不见，而新月大约每月发生一次。结合"Summeriscoming."可知，夏季的新月期间是最佳观星时间。故选B。

2.

细节理解题。根据第5段Askanadulttohelpyoufindadarkplaceawayfromstreetlightsandcarlights.Theselightsmakeithardertoseethestars.（请让一位成年人帮助你找一个远离街灯和汽车灯光的暗处。这些灯光会使得看星星变得更加困难。）可知，观星需要找一个远离街灯和车灯的黑暗地方，这样的地方更容易看到星星。结合选项可知，在黑暗的山顶是一个适合观星的地方。故选C。

3.

细节理解题。根据第7段Venusisverybrightandlookslikeabigstarinthewesternskyjustaftersunset.（金星非常明亮，在日落之后的西边天空中看起来就像一颗巨大的星星。）可知，金星非常明亮，在日落后不久的西方天空中看起来像一颗大星星。故选A。

4.

细节理解题。根据第9段Youcanuseasimplestarmaporafreeapponaphoneorpadtohelpfindstarsandplanets.Thesetoolsshowwhatisintheskyatthattimeandhelpyourecognizedifferentobjects.（您可以使用一张简单的星图，或者在手机或平板电脑上下载一个免费的应用程序来帮助您找到星星和行星。这些工具会显示当时天空中的景象，并帮助您识别不同的物体。）可知，使用星图或免费应用程序可以帮助找到星星和行星，这些工具可以显示当时天空中的物体，并帮助识别不同的天体。因此，使用星图或免费应用程序的目的是为了定位星星。故选D。22~25.【答案】C、D、A、B【解析】略

1.

词义猜测题。根据第一段"Idon'twanthertofeelleftoutbecausesomeofherfriendsalreadyhavephones."（我不想让她觉得被冷落了，因为她的有些朋友已经拥有了手机。）以及第三段"Shouldtheygivetheirchildrenasmartphoneandriskharm，orsaynoandriskmakingthemfeelleftout？"（是应该给孩子一部智能手机并承担由此可能带来的风险，还是拒绝给孩子购买并冒着让他们感觉被排斥的可能后果呢？）可知，如果被排除在外（leftout），会让人感到孤独、不合群。"leftout"在这里表示"被冷落，感到孤独"的意思。故选C。

2.

细节理解题。根据第一段"Myrahasanine-year-olddaughter，whoreallywantsherownsmartphone.ButMyraisnotsureifitisagoodidea."（Myra有一个九岁的女儿，这个女儿非常渴望拥有一部自己的智能手机。但迈拉对于是否应该让她拥有这部手机还犹豫不决。）以及第二段"ButMyraistorn--shecan'tdecideifsheshouldgiveherdaughteraphoneornot."（但Myra左右为难——她拿不定主意，到底要不要给女儿买一部手机。）可知，Myra感到担忧是因为她无法做出选择。故选D。

3.

细节理解题。根据第三段"Manyparentshavethesameproblem.Shouldtheygivetheirchildrenasmartphoneandriskharm，orsaynoandriskmakingthemfeelleftout？In2024，twomums，DaisyandClare，startedanonlinegrouptosupportparents."（许多家长都面临着同样的问题。是应该给孩子一部智能手机并承担由此可能带来的风险，还是拒绝给孩子购买并冒着让他们感觉被排斥的可能后果呢？2024年，两位母亲戴西和克莱尔创办了一个线上社群，旨在为家长们提供支持。）可知，"无智能手机童年"变得流行是因为许多父母都有同样的问题。故选A。

4.

细节理解题。根据最后一段"Thesegroupshelpchildrenenjoytheirfriendsandplaywithoutspendingtoomuchtimeonline."（这些团体帮助孩子们能够与朋友相处玩耍，同时又能避免花费过多时间上网。）可知，"无智能手机童年"群体帮助孩子避免过多的屏幕时间。故选B。26.【答案】【小题1】Londonwasbusy，crowded，andfilledwithfactories，smokeandnoise.【小题2】Becausehisfatherdiedandhisfamilybecameverypoor，heneededtoearnmoney./Becausehisfatherdiedandtheyhadverylittlemoney.【小题3】Beforesunrise.【小题4】Hemovedonhandsandkneesunderthemachinestocollectcotton.【小题5】Hefelttired.【小题6】childrencouldgotoschoolandnochildhadtoworkinafactoryagain/lifecouldbecomeeasierforhisfamilyandhecouldgotoschool【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据"Intheearly19thcentury，Londonwasabusyandcrowdedcityfilledwithfactories，smoke，andnoise."（19世纪早期，伦敦是一个繁忙拥挤的城市，到处都是工厂、烟雾和噪音）可知，19世纪初的伦敦是一个繁忙、拥挤、充满工厂、烟尘和噪音的城市。故填Londonwasbusy，crowded，andfilledwithfactories，smokeandnoise.

（2）细节理解题。根据"AfterTommy'sfatherdied...thefamilybecameverypoor...Theyhadverylittlemoney，soTommywantedtohelp."（汤米的父亲去世后...这个家庭变得非常贫困...他们没有多少钱，所以汤米想帮忙。）可知，汤米必须去纺织厂工作的原因是父亲去世后家庭变得非常贫困，他需要挣钱。故填Becausehisfatherdiedandhisfamilybecameverypoor，heneededtoearnmoney./Becausehisfatherdiedandtheyhadverylittlemoney.

（3）细节理解题。根据"Everymorning，hewokeupbeforesunrise..."（每天早上，他在日出前醒来……）可知，汤米每天早晨在日出前起床。故填Beforesunrise.

（4）细节理解题。根据"Tommy'sjobwasdangerous：hehadtomoveonhandsandkneesunderthemachinestocollectcotton."（汤米的工作很危险：他必须用手和膝盖在机器下移动来收集棉花。）可知，汤米在纺织厂的工作是手脚并用地爬到机器下面收集棉花。故填Hemovedonhandsandkneesunderthemachinestocollectcotton.

（5）细节理解题。根据"Tommyfelttiredmostofthetime..."（汤米大部分时间都觉得累……）可知，汤米大部分时间都感到疲惫。故填Hefelttired.

（6）补全句子题，要求根据文章内容推测汤米的梦想。结合汤米的艰难处境（贫困、被迫做童工）以及文章最后母亲给予的希望和他保持积极态度的描写，可以合理推断他的梦想是关于改善生活、能够上学或终结童工现象。故填childrencouldgotoschoolandnochildhadtoworkinafactoryagain./lifecouldbecomeeasierforhisfamilyandhecouldgotoschool。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了19世纪初伦敦少年汤米在父亲去世后，因家境贫困被迫到危险的纺织厂做童工以补贴家用的艰难生活，展现了他坚韧不拔的精神和对未来的希望。

做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次