英语阅读中的长难句(修改过)最后

解题思路与技巧完形填空解析高考英语阅读中的长难句

Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.(2013山东D篇)Leadin(32words)在高考阅读中，考生会经常碰到许多结构复杂的句子，也就是所谓的长难句。长难句在阅读理解中容易给考生造成阅读障碍，形成一种心理压力，使考生失分。阅读拿高分的关键=长难句分析

Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.

Hedidasurvey,

whichshowedthat

consumerswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,

whoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurants

whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.主干修饰成分长难句=主干+修饰成分长难句=单词主干修饰成分

从句主谓宾结构主系表结构短语句子成分:构成句子最重要的成分是主语和谓语.其他成分有表语,宾语,补语,定语,状语,同位语.定语;状语

句子(按结构分）

简单句

并列句

复合句

Step1:Decidewhatkindofsentencestheyare.

Tip1

判断句子是简单句、并列句还是复

合句的方法：__________

句中无连词--------________________句连接句子--________句并列连词连词连接平行结构--______句从属连词-----引导从句---________句简单并列复合简单找连词

简单句(simplesentence)A.

Maryopenedthedoor.B.

Maryandherhusband

werepreparing

dinner.只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。C.Hebought

somebananasandvisited

anoldfriendofhis.

并列句(compoundsentence):

Holdon,andwe’llsucceed!IlikedthestoryverymuchbutLiMingwasn't

interestedinit.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Daymustbreak,forbirdsaresinging.TimworkshardwhilePeterisalazybone.Hewasill,sohedidn’tcome.

由并列连词and,but,or,so,for,while等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

(因为)(然而)

(否则)(因此)

从句种类

名词性从句

副词性从句

形容词性从句主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句—定语从句—状语从句

主干修饰成分复合句(complexsentence):由从属连词把一个主句和一个或多个从句连接起来的句子.Tip2:判断主句的方法：①找“大谓”②找主语

Step2:Findoutthemainsentences.

1)简单句中的谓语或是并列句中的谓语（两个或多个），即句子的主干-----“大谓”。2)

复合句中的谓语动词（即从属连词后的谓语动词），不是句子的主干，只是“小谓”。

常见从属连词1．that（无词义）if，whether（是否的意义，但不做句子成分）2、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever,whoever,whichever（有词义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语,定语）3、连接副词：when，where，why，how，howmany，howlong，howfar，however，whenever，wherever（有词义，作从句的状语）1.Soon,groupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdinburghUniversity,andlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge,DurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejourneytotheScottishcapitaleachsummer.(2013新课标全国卷IIB篇）简单句

Decidewhatkindofsentencestheyare.1.Soon,groupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdingurghUniversity,andlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge,DurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejourneytotheScottishcapitaleachsummertoperformtheatrebylittle-knownwritersofplaysinsmallchurchhallstothepeopleofEdinburgh.(2013新课标全国卷IIB篇）1.带有较多成分的简单句去枝叶,留主干。1.Soon,groupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdinburghUniversity,andlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge,DurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejourneytotheScottishcapitaleachsummer.(2013新课标全国卷II）介词短语做定语介词短语做定语状语时间状语2.“MyexperienceofowningashopandworkingasadesignerinColombiagavemeconfidenceinmyabilities,butIcouldn’tspeakthelanguageandIhadtolearnaboutthingsinCanada.(2011福建卷完形）

3.Sometimeswhatistakenforgranted,likethesettingupofawaterpurificationplantortheadministrationofaschool,couldbeusefulforcountrieswhicharelookingabouttosolveproblems.(2013江西卷B篇）复合句并列句2.“MyexperienceofowningashopandworkingasadesignerinColombiagavemeconfidenceinmyabilities,butIcouldn’tspeakthelanguageandIhadtolearnaboutthingsinCanada.(2011福建卷完形）

2.含有多个简单句的并列句看并列连词。2.“MyexperienceofowningashopandworkingasadesignerinColombiagavemeconfidenceinmyabilities,butIcouldn’tspeakthelanguageandIhadtolearnaboutthingsinCanada.

(2011福建卷完形）

定语定语状语3.Sometimeswhatistakenforgranted,likethesettingupofawaterpurificationplantortheadministrationofaschool,couldbeusefulforcountrieswhicharelookingabouttosolveproblems.(2013江西卷B篇）3.含有多个从句的复合句找从属连词。主从3.

Sometimeswhatistakenforgranted,likethesettingupofawaterpurificationplantortheadministrationofaschool,couldbeusefulforcountrieswhicharelookingabouttosolveproblems.(2013江西卷B篇）主从时间状语插入语定语4．Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid---thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.(2013年广东卷D篇）复合句4.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirstudents

examsanddiplomasarevalid---thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.(2013年广东卷D篇）4.倒装句确定主语,调整语序.Internetuniversitiescanshowthattheirstudentsexamsanddiplomasarevalid.宾从4.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirstudents

examsanddiplomasarevalid---thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.(2013年广东D）宾从方式状语插入语同位语

Summary1)长难句理解总原则先

____后______2)长难句主干句理解二步走一_______________方法______________

二_______________方法______________判断寻找找连词找“大谓”主干修饰成分真题演练高考长难句句式分析主语和谓语（主干）宾语表语定语状语同位语、复杂主语包括下列情形：含有连词如and,both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also),aswellas；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。例1：Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)·、复杂主语例1：Those

whowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,

aswellasthose

leastlikedinelementaryschool,

are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)·例2：Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.(2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(-ing形式做主语)例3：Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwho

hadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,

started

abusiness...(2016全国甲卷阅读理解D)(同位语结构做主语)例2：Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservices

providesarealjoy.(2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(-ing形式做主语)例3：Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficer

who

hadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,

started

abusiness...(2016全国甲卷阅读理解D)(同位语结构做主语)二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔

例1：FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.(2016全国新课标甲

阅读理解D)例2：Thewomansittingatthedesk,seeingmymadness,sympatheticallyjumpedup.(2016全国甲卷完形填空)二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔

例1：FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,

washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.(2016全国新课标甲

阅读理解D)例2：Thewomansittingatthedesk,seeingmymadness,

sympatheticallyjumpedup.(2016全国甲卷完形填空)三、复杂表语

包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。

例1：Themainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

(2021全国乙卷七选五)例2：One(reason)wasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.

(2019高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错三、复杂表语

包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。

例1：Themainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,

tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

(2021全国乙卷七选五)例2：One(reason)was

thatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.

(2019高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错）四、复杂宾语：包括非谓语动词、(并列)宾语从句(介词后和动词后)等

例1：Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthat

youngmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D)例2：Indeed,theresearchsfoundthatface–to–faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprividesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruption.(2021全国乙卷阅读理解D）例1：Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reported

that

youngmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D)例2：Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface–to–faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruption.(2021全国乙卷阅读理解D)五、复杂定语：包括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、(多个)定语从句等。例1：ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空)例2：Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D)五、复杂定语：包括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、(多个)定语从句等。例1：ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空)例2：Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,

butnotarticles

thatleftthemmerelysad.(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D)六、复杂同位语(同位语从句)例1：Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence

thattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填空)例2：ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)六、复杂同位语(同位语从句)例1：Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence

thattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填空)例2：ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheSting

fouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefact

that

althoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)七、复杂状语：包括介词短语、非谓语动词、(多个)状语从句等。

例1：With

thecollegeentranceexamination

aroundthecorner,allthestudentsareoccupiedwiththeirrevision.(with介词短语做状语)例2：TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.(2017全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D)七、复杂状语：包括介词短语、非谓语动词、(多个)状语从句等。

例1：Withthecollegeentranceexaminationaroundthecorner,allthestudentsareoccupiedwiththeirrevision.(with介词短语做状语)例2：TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratory

named“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdrivers

andtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.(2017全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D)八、多个从句，且从句套从句

例1、Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasis

ifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）.((2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)例2、Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示）thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)八、多个从句，且从句套从句

例1、Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasis

ifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）.(2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)例2、Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter,

excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示）thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)九、多个非谓语动词

例1、Then

theperson

leaves

itinapublicplace,

hoping

thatthebookwillhaveanadventure,

traveling

farandwidewitheachnewreader

who

findsit.(2016全国甲卷阅读C)例2、Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lost

andlonelyinastrangecity,thinking

oftheterribletroublesofgetting

allthepaperwork

organized

againfromadistantcountrywhiletrying

tosettledowninanewone.(2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解A)九、多个非谓语动词

例1、Then

theperson

leaves

it

inapublicplace,

hoping

thatthebookwillhaveanadventure,

traveling

farandwidewitheachnewreader

who

findsit.(2016全国甲卷阅读C)例2、Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lost

andlonelyinastrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgetting

allthepaperwork

organized

againfromadistantcountry

whiletryingtosettledowninanewone.(2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解A)十、倒装句例1、Ofcourse,notonly

are

today‘stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.(2019高考全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B)例2、"ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays.(2019高考全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B)

十、倒装句例1、Ofcourse,

notonlyare

today‘stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina----someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese