高考英语四级试题讲解

高考英语四级试题讲解

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIntheheartoftheAmazonrainforest,ateamofscientistshasmadearemarkablediscovery:apreviouslyunknownspeciesoffrog,nolargerthanahumanthumbnail.Thistinyamphibian,namedAdelophryneamapaensis,wasfoundinthenorthernBrazilianstateofAmapá.Whatmakesthisfindparticularlysignificantisnotjustitssize,butitsuniquereproductivemethod.Unlikemostfrogs,thefemalesofthisspecieslaytheireggsontheground,inthemoistleaflitter.Themalethenguardstheeggsuntiltheyhatch,skippingthetadpolestageentirely.Theyoungemergefromtheeggsasfullyformed,miniaturefrogs.Thisdirectdevelopmentisanadaptationtotheenvironmentwherestandingwaterfortadpolesisscarce.Thediscoveryhighlightstheincredible,yetoftenhidden,biodiversityoftheAmazonandunderscorestheurgencyofconservationefforts,assuchspecializedspeciesarehighlyvulnerabletohabitatdestruction.1.Wherewasthenewfrogspeciesdiscovered?A.InaSouthAmericandesert.B.InthenorthernpartofBrazil.C.InaCentralAmericanrainforest.D.InthewetlandsofAmapástate.2.WhatisthemostunusualfeatureofAdelophryneamapaensis?A.Itsextremelysmallsize.B.Themale'sroleinguardingeggs.C.Itsreproductiveprocesswithoutatadpolestage.D.Itsabilitytoliveindryenvironments.3.Whyisdirectdevelopmentanadvantageforthisfrog?A.Itallowsthefrogstogrowlarger.B.Itreducestheneedformaleparentalcare.C.Itprotectstheeggsfromwaterpredators.D.Itsuitsanenvironmentwithlittlestandingwater.BTheconceptof"slowtravel"isgainingtractionasanantidotetofast-paced,checklisttourism.Itemphasizesdeepimmersionoversuperficialsightseeing.Insteadofrushingthroughtencitiesinaweek,slowtravelersmightspendaweekinoneruralvillage.Thephilosophycentersonconnection—connectingwithlocalpeople,cultures,cuisines,andlandscapesatarelaxedpace.Thisofteninvolvesstayinginlocally-ownedaccommodations,usingpublictransport,andlearningafewphrasesofthelocallanguage.Proponentsarguethatslowtravelismoresustainableandrewarding.Itreducescarbonfootprintbyminimizingshortflightsandsupportslocaleconomiesmoredirectly.Forthetraveler,italleviatesthestressofrigiditinerariesandfostersmeaningfulmemoriesandunderstandingthatgobeyondacollectionofphotos.Critics,however,pointoutthatitrequiresmoretimeandflexibility,whichmanypeoplewithlimitedvacationdayscannotafford.4.Whatisthemaingoalofslowtravelaccordingtothepassage?A.Tovisitasmanyfamouslandmarksaspossible.B.Toachieveadeepandmeaningfultravelexperience.C.Totravelascheaplyaspossible.D.Toavoidusinganyformofairtravel.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasatypicalpracticeofslowtravel?A.Stayingininternationalhotelchains.B.Usingpublictransportation.C.Learningsomelocallanguage.D.Spendingextendedtimeinoneplace.6.Whatisapotentialdrawbackofslowtravelmentionedinthetext?A.Itisoftenmoreharmfultotheenvironment.B.Itdoesnotsupportlocalbusinesses.C.Itdemandsmoretimethatnoteveryonehas.D.Itleadstolessmemorableexperiences.CThe"mereexposureeffect"isapsychologicalphenomenonwherepeopletendtodevelopapreferenceforthingssimplybecausetheyarefamiliarwiththem.FirststudiedbysocialpsychologistRobertZajonc,theeffectsuggeststhatrepeatedexposuretoastimulus—beitaperson,apicture,amelody,orevenanonsenseword—increasesourlikingforit,evenintheabsenceofanypositivereinforcementorconsciousreason.Thiseffectoperatesonasubconsciouslevel.Forinstance,asongyouinitiallydislikemightgrowonyouafterhearingitmultipletimesontheradio.Advertisersheavilyrelyonthisprinciplebyrepeatedlyexposingconsumerstobrandlogosandslogans.Insocialsettings,itmayexplainwhyproximityoftenleadstofriendship.However,theeffecthasitslimits;overexposurecanleadtoboredom,andinitialstrongdislikemightnotbeeasilyovercome.Understandingthisbiascanhelpusmakemoremindfulchoicesaboutthemediaweconsumeandtheinfluencesweallowinourlives.7.Whatdoesthe"mereexposureeffect"primarilycause?A.Adecreaseininterestduetoover-familiarity.B.Apreferencebornoutofrepeatedexposure.C.Aneedforpositivereinforcementtolikesomething.D.Aconsciousdecisiontofavorcommonthings.8.Accordingtothepassage,howdoadvertisersusethiseffect?A.Bycreatingcomplexandvariedadvertisements.B.Byensuringtheiradsarealwayshighlyentertaining.C.Byassociatingtheirproductswithpositiveemotions.D.Byrepeatedlyshowingtheirbrandelementstothepublic.9.Whatisalimitationofthemereexposureeffectnotedinthetext?A.Itdoesnotworkonvisualstimuli.B.Itcannotinfluencesocialrelationships.C.Itmightnotworkiftheinitialreactionisverynegative.D.Itrequiresthestimulustobelogicallyappealing.DTheconstructionoftheGreatWallofChina,spanningcenturiesanddynasties,isafeatofancientengineering.Contrarytothepopularimageofasingle,continuouswall,itisactuallyanetworkofwalls,trenches,andnaturalbarriersbuiltacrossnorthernChina.Theearliestsectionsdatebacktothe7thcenturyBC,butthemostfamouspartswereconstructedduringtheMingDynasty(1368–1644AD)toprotectagainstinvasionsfromthenorth.Thewallwasnotjustamilitaryfortification;italsoservedasatransportationcorridor,ameansofbordercontrolregulatingtradeandimmigration,andapsychologicalsymbolofimperialstrength.Buildingitwasanimmenseundertaking.Materialslikestone,brick,andtampedearthwereused,withlaborprovidedbysoldiers,peasants,andprisoners.Whileitsmilitaryeffectivenessvariedovertime,itsculturalandhistoricalsignificanceisimmeasurable.Today,itstandsasapowerfulsymbolofChinesecivilizationandendurance,attractingmillionsofvisitorsannually.10.WhatisacommonmisconceptionabouttheGreatWall?A.ItwasbuiltonlyduringtheMingDynasty.B.Itwasusedsolelyformilitarydefense.C.Itisasingle,unbrokenstructure.D.Itwasbuiltbypaidprofessionalworkers.11.WhichfunctionoftheGreatWallisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Aroutefortransportinggoodsandpeople.B.Acontrolpointfortradeandmigration.C.Asymboloftheemperor'spower.D.Areligiouspilgrimagesite.12.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthebuildersofthewall?A.Theywereallvolunteers.B.Theyincludedsoldiersandpeasants.C.Theywereprimarilyforeignengineers.D.Theyusedonlymodernmachinery.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheBenefitsofJournalingManypeopleviewkeepingadiaryorjournalasachildhoodhabitoratoolforfamouswriters.However,modernpsychologysuggeststhatregularjournalingoffersawiderangeofbenefitsformentalandemotionalwell-being.__13__Itprovidesaprivate,non-judgmentalspacetoexpressfears,frustrations,joys,andhopes.Thisprocessofexternalizingthoughtscanreducementalclutter,decreasestress,andhelpprocesscomplexemotions.Secondly,journalingcanenhanceself-awareness.Bywritingdownyourexperiencesandreactions,youcanidentifypatternsinyourthoughtsandbehaviors.__14__Thisclaritycanbethefirststeptowardpersonalgrowthandmakingpositivechanges.Moreover,journalingcanimprovememoryandcomprehension.Theactofwritingengagesthebraininamoredetailedandreflectivewaythanpassivethinkingortypingsometimesdoes.__15__Anothersignificantadvantageisproblem-solving.Layingoutaproblemonpapercanmakeitseemmoremanageable.__16__Often,thesolutionemergesduringthewritingprocessitself.Finally,journalingcanboostcreativity.Thefree-flowing,unstructurednatureofmanyjournalsencouragesbrainstormingandtheexplorationofideaswithoutcriticism.__17__Togetstarted,allyouneedisanotebookandafewminuteseachday.Therearenorules—youcanwriteaboutanything,inanystyle.A.Thiscanleadtobetterunderstandingofyourtriggersandmotivations.B.It’safantasticwaytorecordyourpersonalhistoryforthefuture.C.Firstandforemost,itisapowerfulemotionalrelease.D.Thismakesitanexcellenttoolforstudentsorprofessionals.E.Writingbyhand,inparticular,hasbeenlinkedtostrongermemoryretention.F.Itallowsyoutobreakdowntheissue,examineitfromdifferentangles,andconsiderpotentialoutcomes.G.Therefore,itishighlyrecommendedforpeoplewhoarefeelingoverlystressed.---第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iusedtobelievethatcouragewastheabsenceoffear.Ithoughtbravepeoplesimplydidn'tfeelafraid.Myperspective__18__completelyonesummerduringahikingtripinthemountains.Ourgroupdecidedtotackleaviaferrata—aclimbingroutewithfixedcablesandladders.Asweascended,thepathbecamesteeper.Lookingdown,Isawtheground__19__awayintoadizzyingdrop.Myheartpounded.Myhands,sweatinginsidemygloves,grippedthecoldmetalcablewith__20__force.Thiswasn'tjustnervousness;itwaspure,coldfear.Iwantedtogoback,butturningaroundonthenarrowledgewas__21__.Theonlywaywasup.Iglancedatmyfriendaheadofme.Shewasmovingslowlybutsteadily.Itookadeepbreathandforcedmyselftofocusonlyonthenextstep.Don'tlookdown.Don'tthinkaboutthe__22__.Justthenextrungoftheladder.Thenextsecureholdformyhand.Stepbystep,my__23__didn'tvanish,butmyfocusshifted.Thefearbecameabackgroundhum,aremindertobecareful.Mybody,thoughtrembling,continuedtomove.Afterwhatfeltlikehours,wereachedasafeplatform.Mylegsfeltlikejelly,buta__24__senseofaccomplishmentwashedoverme.Inthatmoment,Iunderstood.Courageisnotthe__25__offear.Itisthejudgmentthatsomethingelseismoreimportantthanfear.Itistheactionyoutake__26__thefear.Theclimberfeelsthefearandclimbs__27__.Thestudentfeelsthefearoffailureandstudiesanyway.Truebraveryis__28__inaction,notinthelackofemotion.Thatexperiencetaughtmeto__29__feardifferently.It'snotanenemytobedefeated,butasignaltobe__30__.Italertsustodanger,sharpensoursenses,andpreparesourbodytorespond.Thekeyisnottoletit__31__us.Wecanacknowledgeitspresence,thankitforthewarning,andthenchoosetomoveforwardwith__32__.Now,whenIfaceadauntingchallenge,Irememberthemountain.Ifeelthefamiliarknotinmystomach,butIalsohearmyown__33__:"Feelthefearanddoit__34__."It'samantrathathashelpedmethroughpublicspeaking,careerchanges,andpersonalhardships.Courage,I'velearned,isa__35__youmakeinthefaceoffear,achoicetoprioritizeyourgoaloveryourcomfort.Andthatisalessonworthclimbinganymountainfor.18.A.changedB.formedC.returnedD.deepened19.A.risingB.fallingC.spreadingD.bending20.A.gentleB.flexibleC.desperateD.constant21.A.impossibleB.unnecessaryC.rewardingD.optional22.A.heightB.widthC.distanceD.future23.A.excitementB.curiosityC.fearD.pain24.A.strangeB.suddenC.cautiousD.tremendous25.A.causeB.absenceC.sourceD.presence26.A.withoutB.despiteC.regardingD.besides27.A.anywayB.somehowC.thereforeD.meanwhile28.A.hiddenB.foundC.lostD.kept29.A.controlB.viewC.createD.ignore30.A.respectedB.questionedC.dismissedD.forgotten31.A.guideB.protectC.paralyzeD.motivate32.A.patienceB.hesitationC.intentionD.confidence33.A.voiceB.doubtC.promiseD.heartbeat34.A.carefullyB.correctlyC.anywayD.later35.A.feelingB.chanceC.choiceD.result第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheInternethasrevolutionizedthewayweaccessinformation,butithasalsogivenrisetoaphenomenonknownas"digitaldistraction."Arecentstudy__36__(conduct)atamajoruniversityfoundthattheaveragestudentcheckstheirphoneorswitchestasksontheircomputernearlyeverysixminutesduringstudysessions.Thisconstant__37__(interrupt)takesasignificanttollonconcentrationandproductivity.Thebrainrequirestimetoreachastateofdeepfocus,__38__isessentialforunderstandingcomplexconcepts.Eachtimewearedistractedbyanotification,itcantakeseveralminutesforthebrain__39__(re-engage)fullywiththeoriginaltask.This"switchcost"fragmentsourattentionandleads__40__shallowerprocessingofinformation.__41__(address)thisissue,expertsrecommendseveralstrategies.First,createadedicatedstudyenvironmentfreefromdigitaltemptations.Thismightmeanputtingyourphoneinanotherroomorusingappsthatblockdistractingwebsitesforasetperiod.Second,practicetechniqueslikethePomodoroTechnique,__42__involvesworkingintentlyfor25minutesfollowedbya5-minutebreak.Duringtheworkperiod,allnotificationsshouldbesilenced.Third,bemindfulofyourhabits.Ask__43__(you):"Isthischecknecessaryrightnow?"Developingtheskillofsustainedattentioniscrucialinanageofinformationoverload.It'snotabout__44__(eliminate)technologybutaboutusingitintentionally.Bymanagingourdigitalenvironmentandhabits,wecanreclaimourfocus,improveourlearningefficiency,andreducethementalfatigue__45__(cause)byconstanttask-switching.---第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Istillremembermyfirstdayathighschoolclear.Iwasfilledwithmixfeelingsofexcitementandnervous.Theschoolseemedenormouscomparingtomyoldone.Iwasworriedaboutmakenewfriendsandkeepingupwiththestudies.Myfirstclasswasmath.Theteacher,Mr.Johnson,hadakindsmilethatimmediatelymademefeelalittlebetter.Heaskedusintroduceourselves.Whenitwasmyturn,myvoicetrembled,andIthinkIturnedred.Afterclass,aboynamedDavidcameovertomeandsaid,"Hey,I'mnewtoo.Wanttohavelunchtogether?"Thatsimpleinvitationmeantaworldtome.Webecamegoodfriend,andhisfriendshiphelpedmesettlei