Unit 5 Nature's Temper Section B 知识清单新教材人教版八年级英语下册

⑤避免，免得（出现不愉快的事情或困难）savedoingsth免得做某事，避免做某事I'lldriveyouthere,it

saves

youtakingthebus.我开车送你，免得做公交了。【考点2】However,Tillyrefusedtomakeasinglestepfurther.【解析】refuse动词过去式：refused拒绝He

refusedthejob

becausethesalarywastoolow.他拒绝了那份工作，因为薪水太低了refusetodosth拒绝作某事He

refusedtoanswer

thepoliceofficer'squestion.他拒绝回答警察的问题。名词形式：refusal拒绝His

refusaloftheaward

surprisedeveryone.他对该奖项的拒绝让所有人感到惊讶。【考点3】andtherestofherfamilyreturnedtothehotel【解析】rest1作名词①休息，安歇Youlooktired.Youneedto

getsomerest.你看起来累了，你需要休息一下。②剩余部分，其余的人或物(通常与

the

连用)

therestof+可数/不可数名词I'vefinishedhalfofthework,andI'lldo

therest

tomorrow.我已完成了一半的工作，剩下的明天做。Somestudentswenttothelibrary;

therest

stayedintheclassroom.一些学生去了图书馆；其余的留在了教室。注意：谓语动词的单复数由

therest

所指代的内容决定Therestofthe

moneyis

yours.

(钱不可数，用单数)Therestofthe

studentsare

here.

(学生可数复数，用复数)2作动词，过去式：rested休息，放松Youshould

rest

forawhileafterthelongjourney.长途旅行后你应该休息一会儿。【考点4】Backatthehotel，Tilly’sfathertoldasecurityguardaboutthetsunami.【解析】guard的用法：作名词，①卫兵，看守可数名词

The

securityguard

patrols(巡视）thebuildingatnight.保安夜间在这栋楼里巡逻。②防护罩，防护装置，防护板可数名词Alwaysmakesurethe

fireguard

isinplace.务必确保防火挡板放置到位。③警戒，守卫不可数名词Solderskeepguardatthegate.士兵门口站岗。aguarddog看门狗onguard站岗，放哨off（one’s）guard疏忽，不提防作动词过去式：guarded守卫，保卫，看守Thedog

wasguarding

thehouse.那只狗在看守着房子。guardagainst防范，提防Youshould

guardagainst

catchingacoldinthisweather.在这种天气里，你要小心防范感冒。【考点5】Thankstoherknowledgeandquickthinking，oneschoolgirlwasabletosaveover1,000lives.【解析】1.thanksto多亏了，幸亏Thankstoyourhelp,wefinishedtheprojectontime.多亏了你的帮助，我们才按时完成了项目。也可表示，表示消极的原因（都怪，由于）Thankstotheheavyrain,ourpicnicwascanceled.翻都怪那场大雨，我们的野餐泡汤了。2knowledge作名词，不可数名词，知识，学问Knowledge

ispower.知识就是力量。固定搭配：①当指"对某一门技能或学科的掌握"时，可用aknowledgeofShehas

agoodknowledge

ofFrench.她精通法语。②toone’sknowledge据某人所知Tomyknowledge,thisisthefirsttimeithashappened.据我所知，这是第一次发生这样的事情。单词变形：knowledgeable知识渊博的，在行的Heisvery

knowledgeable

aboutart.对于艺术，他知识渊博。【考点5】Tilly’srememberedlearningabouttsunamiinclass.【解析】remembertodosth.与rememberdoingsth.的区分：对比维度RemembertodosthRememberdoingsth核心含义记住要去做某事（未做之事）记得曾经做过某事（已做之事）动作状态动作尚未发生动作已经完成时间指向将来过去功能提醒、安排某个事情回忆、描述经历记忆技巧"to"指向未来，像一个待办事项清单上的箭头。"-ing"记录经历，像一段正在回放的影片或一张照片。经典例句Pleaseremembertoturnoff

thelights.

（请记住要关灯。）【灯还没关】Remembertocall

yourmotherwhenyouarrive.

（到了之后记得给你妈妈打电话。）【还未打】Irememberturningoff

thelights.

（我记得关掉了灯。）【灯已关】Iremembervisiting

themuseumasachild.

（我记得小时候参观过那个博物馆。）【已参观】【考点6】Tilly’sfamilywentbacktothehotel,exceptforhermother.【解析】exceptfor除...之外，从整体中排除一个例外，从而修正或完善之前所说的整体陈述。Thepartywasgreat,

exceptfor

themusic.Youressayisperfect

exceptfor

afewspellingmistakes.也可用于句首，引出整体背景，先交代那个“例外”，然后再陈述主要情况。Exceptfor

onelittleproblem,theplanisready.（除了一个小问题，计划已经准备好了。）except与exceptfor辨析对比词exceptexceptfor核心功能从同类事物的列表中排除一项。对整体陈述进行修正，指出一个例外细节。逻辑关系同类排除整体vs.局部关键词"所有...除了...""整体上...只可惜..."典型结构All/Every/None...

+

except

+被排除项[整体描述]

+

exceptfor

+[例外细节]例句Ilike

allfruits

except

bananas.

（我喜欢所有水果，除了香蕉。）Thefruitsalad

isperfect

exceptfor

thebananas.

（这盘水果沙拉很棒，只可惜香蕉不好吃。）例句分析“水果”和“香蕉”是同类事物。从“所有水果”的列表中排除“香蕉”。“水果沙拉很棒”是整体评价。“香蕉”是使这个评价不完美的具体细节。句首使用较少用于句首。常用于句首。

Exceptfor

theending,themoviewasgreat.【考点7】AnearthquakehitJapanyesterday.【解析】hit的用法：作动词，过去式：hit过去分词：hit现在分词：hitting①（用手或工具）击打Hehitherontheheadwithherumbrella.他用伞打她的头。②碰撞，抨击Thebushitthebridge.公交车撞到了桥上。③(灾难)来袭，突然降临Thetsunami

hit

thecoastatdawn.海啸在黎明时分袭击了海岸。作名词，击，打Hegavehisbrotherahardhitonthehead.他狠狠敲了他弟弟脑袋一下。【考点8】InAugust，Chinaexperiencedagreatheatwave,theworst,since1961.【解析】since的用法（现在完成时：have/has+过去分词，本册第七八单元会系统学习）用法核心含义说明例句作介词自...以后，从...以来后接时间点或动名词句子用现在完成时Wehavelivedheresince2020.Shehasbeenworkinginabanksinceleavingschool.作连词自...以后，从...以来从句：since+一般过去式主句：现在完成时Shehaslivedheresinceshewasachild.因为，由于，既然常放于句首Sinceitwasraining，Istayedathome.作副词自...以后，从...以来此后，后来常用现在完成时Helefthometwoweeksagoandwehaven'theardfromhimsince.【考点9】Over5,000firefighters,police,andvolunteersallworkedtogethertokeepthepeopleandtheirhomessafe.【解析】volunteer的用法：（1）作名词，志愿者，义务工作者可数名词Sheisa

volunteer

atthelocalhospital.（她是当地医院的一名志愿者。）（2）作动词，自愿做，义务做，无偿做①.volunteertodosth.（自愿做某事）He

volunteeredtocleanup

thepark.（他自愿打扫公园。）②volunteerforsth.（自愿参与某事/活动）She

volunteersfor

acharityonweekends.（她周末为一家慈善机构做义工。）③volunteeras+身份（自愿担任某身份）

Shevolunteeredasaguideforthevisitors.（她自愿担任游客的向导。）【考点10】toodarktosee【解析】too...to...，太...而不能基本结构：主语+be/谓语动词+too+形容词/副词+to+动词原形Heis

tooyoungtogo

toschool.(他年纪太小，还不能上学。)

Sheran

tooslowlytocatch

thebus.(她跑得太慢，没赶上公交车。)该结构本身已包含否定含义，无需再在动词前加not。错误：Heistootiredtonotsleep.

正确：Heis

tootiredtosleep.(他累得睡不着了。)同义句转换，理解"too...to..."如何转换成其他句型，加深对其含义的理解。原句转换句型转换后的句子Heis

toooldtowork.so...that...+can't/couldn'tHeis

sooldthathecan'twork.Theproblemis

toohardformetounderstand.not...enoughto...Theproblemis

noteasyenoughformetounderstand.so...hat...+can't/couldn'tTheproblemis

sohardthatIcan'tunderstand

it.过关检测一.单项选择1.WhydidLisa______theinvitationtotheparty?Becauseshehadtoprepareforherfinalexam.A.refuseattendingB.refusetoattendC.refuseattendedD.refusestoattend2.Thesecurityteamtookstrictmeasuresto______thecompany’sdata（数据）______anypossiblerisks.A.guard；byB.guard;againstC.guard;atD.guard;with3.Whenwillyousendthereporttome?Iwillsendittoyou______Igetthefinalresultfromtheteam.A.sothatB.inordertoC.sinceDassoonas4.Manydoctorsandnursesriskedtheirlivestofightthedisease.Theyarereal______.Itotallyagree.Weshouldlearnfromthem.A.heroB.herosC.heroesD.hero’s5.Istillremember______theGreatWallforthefirsttime.Theviewwasabsolutelybreathtaking.A.tovisitB.tohavevisitedC.visitingD.beingvisited6.Iwasatthecinemaatnineyesterdayevening.Whataboutyou?I____books.A.amreading B.wasreading C.willread D.hadread7.Didtheinternationalenvironmentalmeeting______asplannedlastFriday?Yes,morethan200expertsattendeditsuccessfully.A.breakoutB.putoutC.setupD.takeplace8Whydidn’tyoufinishyourmathhomework?Becausethelasttwoproblemswere______difficult______workout.A.too;toB.so;thatC.toomuch;to.D.enough;to9.Whichsubjectdoyouthinkis______ofallthesubjects?Math.Ialwaysgetlowscoresinit.A.worseB.theworseC.worstD.theworst10.Ohno!Myrulerisbroken.Didyoutouchit?______.Idroppeditonthefloorbyaccident.A.Ididn’tdoitB.ItismyfaultC.It’stoofragileD.That’sokay二单词填空1.

Iwasreally_____(luck).Imissedtheschoolbusandthenmybikebrokedown.（用适当形式填空）2.As________（通常的，寻常的）,Mikewasthefirstonetoarriveattheclassroomthismorning.3.Theskygrewdarkanditstartedto________（打雷）4.A________（突然的）noisefromthekitchenwokemeupinthemiddleofthenight.5.Beforetheexam,it'simportantto________(回顾，复习）allthekeypointsyouhavelearned.6.Whenthefirebrokeout,thesecurityguardraisedthe________immediately.（警报器）7.Theschoolislookingfor________（志愿者）tohelpcleanupthecityparkthisweekend8.Readingwidelyisagoodwaytobroadenyour________.(知识）9.________,（幸亏，感激地）thefirefightersarrivedintimeandputoutthefirebeforeitcouldspread.10.I'mt_______（非常，糟糕地）sorryforbeinglate.ThetrafficwasmuchworsethanIexpected.三.完形填空AnUnluckyDayI

hadareallybaddayyesterday.Letmetellyouwhathappened.Istayeduptoolatewatchingvideosthenightbefore,sowhenthealarmclockrang,Iwasstillterribly

1.Ihitthesnoozebuttonandfellasleepagain.Suddenly,Iwokeup,Ilookedattheclockandgotashock.Itwas8:30!Myfirstclassstartsat8:15!Ijumpedoutofbed,gotdressedinahurry,andranoutofthedoor2eatingbreakfast.Irushedtothebusstop,butIwasjustintimetoseemy

bus

leaving."Whatbadluck!"Ithought.Ihadnochoicebutto3thenextone.Twentyminuteslater,Ifinally

goton

abus.Tomakethingsworse,itstartedtorain

heavily.

Iwasalreadylate,andIknewmyteacherwouldbevery

4.WhenIarrivedatschool,I

rushed

tomyclassroom.AsIopenedthedoor,everyoneturnedtolookatme.Myfaceturnedred."I'msorryI'mlate,"Isaidquietly.Myteacherdidn'tsayanything,butshegavemealookthatmademefeeleven5.Isatdownandopenedmybackpacktogetmy

books.Tomysurprise,itwasn'tthere!I

6

thatIhadleftit

on

thetable.Atlunchtime,thingsdidn'timprove.Iwassohungrythattripped

oversomeone'sfootanddroppedmytray(托盘）.Myfoodwentalloverthefloor.Everyoneinthe

cafeteria（餐厅）

laughed.Iwantedto7.Afterschool,Iwalkedhomeslowly.Ifelttired,hungry,andembarrassed.WhenIgothome,mymomsawmyfaceandaskedwhatwaswrong.Itoldheraboutmy8.day.Shesmiledandsaid,"Everyonehasadaylikethissometimes.Tomorrowwillbebetter."Thenshegavemeahugandmademyfavorite9.Iwenttobedearlythatnight.Ilearnedavaluable

10:Neverstayuptoolateagain,andalwaysdouble-checkyourbackpack!1.A.tiredB.excitedC.happyD.relaxed2.A.withB.sinceC.withoutD.against3.A.waitB.waitforC.stayD.getout4.A.angryB.happyC.worriedD.surprised5.A.worstB.worseC.betterD.best6.A.rememberedB.decidedC.forgotD.started7.A.disappearB.appearC.reduceD.refuse8.A.unluckyB.wonderfulC.amazingD.terribly9.A.breakfastB.lunchC.dinnerD.fruit10.A.jokeB.gameC.storyD.lesson阅读理解A

Doyouwanttodowellinexams?Sometimesyourknowledgeisnotenough,youalsoneedgood

strategies.Herearesomeforyou:

Beforeyouanswerthequestions,ifyoufeelalittlenervous,takeafewdeepbreathstohelpyourelax.Alwaysreadthequestionscarefullyandmakesurethatyouunderstandit.Readitafewtimesifpossible.

Findouthowmucheachquestionisworthorhowmanypointsyouneed.Ifitaskstogiveoneanswer,onlywriteone.Ifthereisadifficultquestion,don’tworry.Goontothenextquestionandcomebacktoitifyouhavetime.Trynotleavequestionsunansweredwhenyoufinishthetest.Sometimesaguessmaygetyoupoints.Whenyoufinish,gobackandcheckyouranswers.Youwillneedtocheckyourwritingforspellingmistakes.1.Fromthepassagewecan

tohelpourselvesrelaxifwefeelalittlenervous.A.tellourselvesnottobenervous

B.takeafewdeepbreathC.gooutforawalk

D.haveagoodsleep

2.Tomakesureweunderstandthequestion,wehadbetter

.A.readitfast

B.readituntilwefinishitC.readitafewtimesifpossible

D.goontothenextquestion3.Theunderlinedword“strategies”inthepassagemeans

A．策略

B．思维

C．智慧D.步骤4.Whichofthefollowingisnotrightaccordingtothepassage?

A.Findouthowmanypointsweneedorhowmucheachquestionisworth.

B.Trynottoleavequestionsunansweredwhenwefinishthetest.

C.Ifitaskstogiveoneanswer,we’dbetterwritemore.D.Checkyourwritingforspellingmistakesafteryoufinishthetest.BAlongtimeago,therewasanemperor(皇帝）.Hehadabeautifulgarden.Inthegarden,therewasalittlenightingale(夜莺)singingverybeautifully.Onedaytheemperorheardaboutthislittlebird'sbeautifulvoice.Heaskedhisguardstobringhertohim.Assoonastheemperorheardthenightingale'svoice,hesaid,"Putherinagoldencage（笼子）,soshecanstayandsingformewheneverIwanttohearher."Thelittlebirdwassounhappyaboutbeingkeptinthecagethatshestoppedsingingoneday.Theemperorwasveryangry.Heorderedthescientistsinhispalacetomakearobotbirdforhim.Thebirdcouldsingverybeautifully,too.Theemperorwashappy.Soontherobotbirdbecameold.Itnolongersangbeautifulsongs.Justatthattime,theemperorbecameveryweak.Onemorning,whilehewaslyinginbed,theemperorwantedittosingonceagain.Buttherobotbirdcouldn'tsinganymore.Suddenlythenightingalelandedonthewindow.Shebegantosinghermostbeautifulsong.Theemperorwasveryhappy!Hebecamebetterandbettereachday.Aftertheemperorwaswell，hechangedalotandbecamekindtohispeople.Fromthenon,allhispeoplecherished(爱戴)himforhisloveandkindness.1.Wheredidthenightingalesingbeautifullyatfirst?A.Intheemperor’spalaceB.Intheemperor’sbeautifulgardenC.InagoldencageD.Ontheemperor’swindow2.Whydidthenightingalestopsingingoneday?A.Becau