2026年高考考前预测卷-英语（北京专用03）（解析版）

第1页/共1页2026年高考考前预测卷（北京专用03）高三英语(考试时间90分钟满分100分)考生务必在答题卡区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AwinterstormdroppedhugeamountsofsnowovernightonJanuary16inwesternPennsylvania.CoachBrianDelallo,whoworkedonalocalhighschoolfootballteam,decidedto___1___hisplayers’weightliftingpractice.Hetextedhisplayerssaying:“Duetotheexpectedsevere___2___Monday’sweightliftingworkouthasbeencancelled.Findanelderlyordisabledneighborandshovel(为……除雪)theirdriveway.Don’tacceptany___3___-that’sourMondayworkout.”Theplayersreceivedthemessageandwentouttoworkonthemorethansixinchesofsnowthatfellovernight.Theysaidthattheyremoved___4___fromdozensofhomes.Someplayerstextedtheircoachafterwardstotellhimhow___5___itwas.“Weallfeelgreataboutit,”saidteamcaptainGavinMoul.“It’snotonlyhelpingthem,butit’shelpingustobecomeabetterteam.”Manyofthepeoplewhomtheteammembersapproachedcouldn’tbelievethattheplayerswouldn’tacceptanypayment.Sometimespeopleeven___6___theirhelpbecausetheywouldn’ttakemoneyforit.Actually,itwasnotthefirsttimefortheteamtohaveshovelingworkout.Itwasstartedbyacoachmorethantwodecadesago.Itwasoneofthemany___7___theteamkept.“It’saboutcommunity.”thecoachsaid.“Itisaninspiringwayforustointeractwithourcommunityandshowthatit___8___.Shovelingsnowisjustoneofthoseopportunitiestoshowappreciationtothecommunitythatsupportsus.”Theteamgotaworkoutandgave___9___tothecommunitybydoingtheseactsofkindnessatthesametime.Itwasa_____10_____forall.1.A.tryout B.pickup C.goover D.calloff2.A.injury B.weather C.disease D.pressure3A.money B.apology C.challenge D.request4.A.dirt B.water C.snow D.waste5.A.demanding B.rewarding C.promising D.amusing6.A.sought B.got C.appreciated D.refused7.A.goals B.secrets C.traditions D.jobs8.A.matters B.cares C.works D.stays9.A.off B.up C.in D.back10.A.way B.win C.must D.lesson【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B6.D7.C8.A9.D10.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了由于恶劣的天气，教练带领队员为行动不便的邻居除雪的故事。【1题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当地一所高中橄榄球队的教练布莱恩·德拉洛(BrianDelallo)决定取消球员的举重训练。A.tryout参加……选拔；B.pickup捡起；C.goover复习；D.calloff叫停，取消。根据下文“Monday’sweightliftingworkouthasbeencancelled”可知，教练取消了举重训练。故选D项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于预期的恶劣天气，周一的举重训练已经取消。A.injury受伤；B.weather天气；C.disease疾病；D.pressure压力。根据第一句“AwinterstormdroppedhugeamountsofsnowovernightonJanuary16inwesternPennsylvania.”可知，天气是恶劣的。故选B项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不收钱——这是我们周一的锻炼。A.money钱；B.apology道歉；C.challenge挑战；D.request要求。根据下文第三段“thattheplayerswouldn’tacceptanypayment”可知，此处教练告诉大家在除雪的过程中不要收钱。故选A项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说他们清除了数十户人家的积雪。A.dirt泥土；B.water水；C.snow雪；D.waste垃圾。根据文章第一段“Findanelderlyordisabledneighborandshovel(为……除雪)theirdriveway.”可知，此处的活动是为大家清理积雪。故选C项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些运动员后来给教练发短信，告诉他这是多么值得。A.demanding高要求的；B.rewarding有回报的，值得的；C.promising有希望的；D.amusing有趣的。根据下文““Weallfeelgreataboutit,”saidteamcaptainGavinMoul.“It’snotonlyhelpingthem,butit’shelpingustobecomeabetterteam.””可知，运动员觉得这项活动是有价值的。故选B项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时人们甚至拒绝他们的帮助，因为他们不愿意为此事花钱。A.sought追寻；B.got得到；C.appreciated感激；D.refused拒绝。根据“becausetheywouldn’ttakemoneyforit”可知，由于不想拿钱，有些人会拒绝帮助。故选D项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是队伍保留的众多传统之一。A.goals目标；B.secrets秘密；C.traditions传统；D.jobs工作。根据“Actually,itwasnotthefirsttimefortheteamtohaveshovelingworkout.Itwasstartedbyacoachmorethantwodecadesago.”可知，这项活动不是第一次，是队伍保留下来的传统。故选C项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一种鼓舞人心的方式，让我们与我们的社区互动，并表明它很重要。A.matters要紧，重要；B.cares在意；C.works起作用；D.stays停留。根据“Itisaninspiringwayforustointeractwithourcommunity”可知，这项活动是很重要的。故选A项。【9题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：团队在锻炼身体的同时，也通过做这些善举来回馈社区。A.(give)off发出；B.(give)up放弃；C.(give)in屈服；D.(give)back归还，回馈。根据“bydoingtheseactsofkindnessatthesametime.”可知，团队通过这些善举来回馈社区。故选D项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种共赢。A.way方法；B.win胜利，赢；C.must必须做的事；D.lesson课，教训。根据“Theteamgotaworkoutandgave___9___tothecommunitybydoingtheseactsofkindnessatthesametime.”可知，团队不仅锻炼了身体，也回馈了社区，这是共赢。故选B项。第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Wearewriting____11____(call)oneveryonetotakepartintheClearYourPlatecampaign.Iturgespeopletosavefoodbynotwastinganythingonthediningtable.Youmaynotknowover30%oftheworld’sfood____12____(waste)everyyear,whilemanypeopleinpoorareasdonothaveenoughtoeat.Reducingdailyfoodwastebyjust5%couldsavemillionsofpeoplefromstarvation.Let’sstartdoing____13____wecantomaketheworldabetterplace.【答案】11.tocall12.iswasted13.what【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文，呼吁大家参加“光盘”行动。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们写信呼吁每个人都参加“光盘”行动。根据句意可知，写信的目的是为了呼吁大家参加活动，空处用不定式作目的状语。故填tocall。【12题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：你可能不知道，世界上每年有30%以上的食物被浪费，而许多贫困地区的人却吃不饱饭。分析句子可知，空处为know后面的宾语从句的谓语，food为不可数名词，根据everyyear可知，句子为一般现在时，主语food和waste构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填iswasted。【13题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：让我们开始尽我们所能让世界变得更美好。分析句子可知，wecan(do)为doing的宾语从句，此处can后面的do被省略，从句部分缺少do的宾语，表示事物，用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。China’smodernscienceandtechnologymuseumsystem____14____(attract)overonebillionofflinevisitssince2012,____15____(play)auniqueroleinpromotingsciencepopularizationandimprovingscientificliteracyinthecountry.Thesystemwillcontinuetoprovidescientificeducationandpopularizationtothepublic,especiallytokeygroupssuchas____16____(teenager).【答案】14.hasattracted15.playing16.teenagers【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了中国现代科技馆系统在促进全国科普和提高科学素养方面发挥了独特的作用。【14题详解】考查时态语态。句意：自2012年以来，中国现代科技馆系统吸引了超过10亿人次的线下参观，在促进全国科普和提高科学素养方面发挥了独特的作用。空处缺少句子的谓语，根据since2012可知，句子为现在完成时，主语system为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填hasattracted。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处用非谓语动词，根据句意可知，空格前的内容与play构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填playing。【16题详解】考查名词复数。句意：该系统将继续为公众，特别是青少年等重点群体提供科学教育和普及。suchas后面缺少名词，此处表示“青少年”，用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填teenagers。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Morethan3.5billionpeopleworldwidespendanaverageofthreehoursadaygluedtotheirsmartphones.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewholoweredtheirusagebyonehoureverydaywere____17____(happy)andreducedanxietysymptomsbymorethan30%.Cuttingbackwasmoreeffectivethantotaldigitaldetox(戒瘾):Peoplewhohadspentonehourlessperday____18____smartphonesduringtheone-weekinterventionweremorelikelytosuccessfullychangetheirhabitsoverthelongtermthanthose____19____hadputtheirsmartphonesaway____20____(entire)foraweek.【答案】17.happier18.on19.who20.entirely【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。针对大部分人沉迷于智能手机的现象，研究人员发现，每天减少一小时使用手机的人更快乐且更健康。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，每天减少一小时使用手机的人更快乐，焦虑症状减少了30%以上。空处用形容词作表语，结合reducedanxietysymptomsbymorethan30%可知，此处表示减少使用手机让人更快乐，happier更快乐的，为形容词比较级，符合题意。故填happier。【18题详解】考查介词。句意：在为期一周的干预中，每天花在智能手机上的时间少于一小时的人，比那些完全远离智能手机一周的人更有可能成功地改变他们的长期习惯。分析句子可知，空处缺少介词，spend+时间+onsth.为固定短语，空处用on。故填on。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。those为先行词，表示人，空处缺少关系词引导定语从句，先行词作从句的主语，关系代词用who。故填who。【20题详解】考查副词。句意同2小题。分析句子可知，空处用副词作状语，entire对应的副词为entirely，意思为：完全、彻底。故填entirely。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheCommonYoungWritersProgram(TCYWP)welcomeshighschoolstudentspassionateaboutcreativewritingtojoinourvirtualclassesfortwoinspiringweeksdedicatedtofictionwriting.Studentswilllearnandexperimentwiththekeybuildingblocksoffictionandbeguidedthroughtheprocessofwritingandrevisingtheirownshortstories.Attheendoftheprogram,studentswillemergemoreconfidentintheirskillsandmoreconnectedtoasupportivewritingcommunity.TaughtbytheeditorsandeditorialassistantsofAmherstCollege’sliterarymagazine,thesummercourserunMonday-Fridayandareopentoallhighschoolstudents.FictionClassOurfictionclassguidesstudentsthroughtheprocessofwritingashortstory.Nopreviouswritingexperienceisnecessary.Throughdailywritingassignmentsandclassmeetings,studentswilllearnaboutthekeybuildingblocksoffictionandwilleachcompletetheirownshortstorybytheendofthecourse.Inadditiontosubmittingdailyassignments,studentswillmeetasagroupwithourinstructorsonline.Studentswillalsomeetindividuallywithaninstructortodiscusstheirownshortstories,andwillnotonlyreceivewrittenfeedbackontheirfirstdraftsandfinalstories,butonalldailyassignments.Studentsshouldexpecttospendaround3-4hourseachdayontheirassignments,includingmeetingtimes.Classsizewillbesmall,andwe’llbreakintosmallgroupsfordiscussionsduringeachsession.Cost&ScholarshipsThecostoftheTCYWPtwo-weekprogramis$725.Wehopethatnostudentwillletfinancialdifficultypreventthemfromapplying.Tuitionwaivers(学费减免)willbeawardedtostudentswithstrongapplicationswhocannotattendtheprogramwithoutfinancialassistance.Intheapplication,studentswillhavetheopportunitytobrieflydescribetheirfinancialcircumstancesandstatetheamounttheycouldaffordtopay,ifany,ifacceptedintotheprogram.Nodocumentationisrequired.Contactusatinfo@,ifthereisanyquestion.21.ParticipantsoftheCommonYoungWritersProgramwill______.A.attendavirtuallearningcourseB.meetgreatwritersfromcollegesC.becomepassionateaboutwritingD.gainconfidenceinwritingreports22.IntheFictionClass,studentsneedto______.A.completeawritingassignmenteverydayB.discusstheirownstoryinagroupmeetingC.provetheyhavepreviouswritingexperienceD.spendmorethan4hoursontheirassignments23.Whichisarequirementforthetuitionwaiver?A.RecommendationfromtheTCYWPoffice.B.Certificateoftheacademicachievement.C.Documentstoprovetheneedoffinancialhelp.D.Applicationtoexplainthefinancialdifficulties.【答案】21.A22.A23.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了共同青年作家计划的相关内容。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheCommonYoungWritersProgram(TCYWP)welcomeshighschoolstudentspassionateaboutcreativewritingtojoinourvirtualclassesfortwoinspiringweeksdedicatedtofictionwriting.(共同青年作家计划(TCYWP)欢迎对创意写作充满热情的高中生加入我们的虚拟课程，花两周时间专门从事小说写作)”可知，共同青年作家计划的参与者将参加一个虚拟学习课程。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Throughdailywritingassignmentsandclassmeetings,studentswilllearnaboutthekeybuildingblocksoffictionandwilleachcompletetheirownshortstorybytheendofthecourse.(通过每天的写作作业和课堂会议，学生将学习小说的关键组成部分，并在课程结束时完成自己的短篇小说)”可知，在小说课上，学生需要每天完成一份写作任务。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tuitionwaivers(学费减免)willbeawardedtostudentswithstrongapplicationswhocannotattendtheprogramwithoutfinancialassistance.Intheapplication,studentswillhavetheopportunitytobrieflydescribetheirfinancialcircumstancesandstatetheamounttheycouldaffordtopay,ifany,ifacceptedintotheprogram.(对于申请资格较好的学生，如果没有经济援助而不能参加该项目，则可以获得学费减免。在申请中，学生将有机会简要描述他们的经济状况，并说明如果被录取，他们可以支付的费用)”可知，减免学费的条件是需要学生申请解释财务困难。故选D项。BMybirthwasalittlemoredramaticthanthestandardwayababyenterstheworld.Withinminutesofcomingout,Iwasbroughtintoanotherroomwhiledoctorsgavemyparentsthedifficultnews:Iwasbornmissingmylefthand.I’msureitwasquitedifficultforthem.Myparentstookgoodcareofme.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,stoodoutinschool,participatedinstudentgovernmentandhadplaydateswithfriends.WhileIdidgetsomestaresand“polite”questionsaboutmydisability,IamluckybecauseIwasn’tmadefunofformylimb(肢体)difference.Askidsdo,Iquicklylearnedtoadapt,workingaroundthe“missing”hand.Oneofmyearliestmemoriesismyfathertryingtoteachmetotiemyshoes.Igentlypushedhimoutofthewaybecausehistwo-handedmethodwouldn’tworkforme,andIfiguredoutawaytodoitwithonehand.However,thatfactthatIwasdifferenthitmehardmyfirstdayofhighschool.Iwas13,anagewhenkidsarealreadyveryself-consciousandthedemandtofitinincreases.Iremembergettingontheyellowschoolbusandoneoftheotherkidsstaredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Thestaringdiscouragedmeinawayitneverhadbefore,andIfeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIimpulsively(冲动地)slippeditintomypocket.ItoldmyselfthatI’djusthideitthatoneday,whileIwastryingtomakefriends.Butonedayofhidingturnedintoaweek,whichturnedintoamonth,whichbecameyears—25ofthemtobeexact.Tiredofhidingandsolonely,thetransformationprocesscametome.Istartedwithphysicalcare.AndwhenIwas38yearsold,Imetsomeonespecialandinvitedthemin.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,takepicturesofit,touchit,loveit—loveme.Fromthatpointon,Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueandbeautifulaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,isexhaustingandhurting,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.Unhidingcansetyoufree.24.Whentheauthorwasakid,shefeltherlimbdifferencewas.A.meaningful B.inconvenient C.special D.acceptable25.Whydidtheauthordecidetohideherhand?A.Shewaslaughedatonthebus.B.Shefeltafraidofscaringothers.C.Shebecamesensitiveatthatage.D.Shegotdiscouragedbyherfather.26.Theauthorstartedhertransformationinher30sbecause______.A.herhandwastouchedandlovedB.shereceivedausefulphysicalcareC.someonespecialcameintoherlifeD.shehadadesiretomakeachange27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Familyloveisimportantforourgrowth.B.Stoppinghidingopensupanewworld.C.Timeisthebestcureforabrokenheart.D.Innerbeautymattersmorethanappearance.【答案】24.D25.C26.D27.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。本文是记叙文。作者出生时就缺少左胳膊，在父母的照顾下，作者学会用单手做很多事情，但是有一次，公交车上的一个孩子一直盯着作者看，这让作者感到自卑，多年来一直将自己的手藏起来。后来作者加入幸运鳍计划，遇到了一个特别的人，作者意识到自己没必要在躲藏，于是开始学会欣赏这个世界，学会爱自己。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Myparentstookgoodcareofme.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,stoodoutinschool,participatedinstudentgovernmentandhadplaydateswithfriends.WhileIdidgetsomestaresand“polite”questionsaboutmydisability,IamluckybecauseIwasn’tmadefunofformylimb(肢体)difference.(我的父母把我照顾得很好。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现突出，参加学生会，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的目光和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因为我的肢体差异而被取笑)”以及第三段“Askidsdo,Iquicklylearnedtoadapt,workingaroundthe“missing”hand.Oneofmyearliestmemoriesismyfathertryingtoteachmetotiemyshoes.Igentlypushedhimoutofthewaybecausehistwo-handedmethodwouldn’tworkforme,andIfiguredoutawaytodoitwithonehand.(和孩子们一样，我很快就学会了适应，在“失去”的那只手周围工作。我最早的记忆之一是我父亲试图教我系鞋带。我轻轻地把他推开，因为他的双手方法不适合我，我想出了一个用一只手来做的方法)”可知，作者小时候并没有因为肢体差异而被取笑，并且很快就学会了适应，所以她觉得自己的肢体差异是可接受的。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Iwas13,anagewhenkidsarealreadyveryself-consciousandthedemandtofitinincreases.Iremembergettingontheyellowschoolbusandoneoftheotherkidsstaredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Thestaringdiscouragedmeinawayitneverhadbefore,andIfeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIimpulsively(冲动地)slippeditintomypocket.ItoldmyselfthatI’djusthideitthatoneday,whileIwastryingtomakefriends.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，想要融入社会的需求也在增加。我记得我上了黄色的校车，其中一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。这种凝视使我感到前所未有的气馁，我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我冲动地把手塞进了口袋。我告诉自己，总有一天，当我试着交朋友的时候，我会把它藏起来)”可知，作者因为她在那个年龄变得敏感起来，不想让别人注意到自己的肢体差异，所以决定把她的手藏起来。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Tiredofhidingandsolonely,thetransformationprocesscametome.Istartedwithphysicalcare.AndwhenIwas38yearsold,Imetsomeonespecialandinvitedthemin.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,takepicturesofit,touchit,loveit—loveme.Fromthatpointon,Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueandbeautifulaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.(厌倦了躲藏又如此孤独，转型的过程来到了我的面前。我从身体护理开始。当我38岁的时候，我遇到了一些特别的人，并邀请他们进来。有生以来第一次，我允许别人真正握住我的胳膊，看着它，给它拍照，抚摸它，爱它——爱我。从那时起，我把我的肢体差异看作是我独特而美丽的东西，应该展示出来，而不是隐藏起来)”可知，作者厌倦了隐藏，所以作者从30多岁开始转变，是因为她渴望做出改变。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,isexhaustingandhurting,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.Unhidingcansetyoufree.(隐瞒事情，尤其是对所爱的人隐瞒，会让人筋疲力尽，也会让人受伤，还会让我们得不到帮助和支持。解除隐藏可以让你自由)”可知，本文让人明白停止躲藏开启了一个新世界。故选B项。CDroughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain,leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently,peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingitseffectiveness.“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththatbutwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now,thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds,whichisfarmoreunpredictable.”saidhe.Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoucloudseedinoneplaceanddon’tinanother,it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.Also,it’snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthechanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought,thencloudseedingisn’tanoptionduetothelackofclouds.Duringdrought,skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontopreventdroughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.Thatway,slightlymoreraincanbestoredthedryseason.Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenesstenuous,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion.UniversityofColoradoresearcherKatjaFriedrichsayscloudseedingcan’tendadrought.However,itcanbebeneficial,provideditoccursalongsideotherwaterconservationstrategies.Still,forthattohappen,thewaterwouldneedtobecapturedandstoredeffectively.Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels,thechemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals,andsomestudieshavefoundthemslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat,someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthelong-termimpacts,asthereisn’tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulate(累积)intheenvironmentover10years.Anotherfearisthatcloudseedingcouldpotentiallystealwaterfromneighbouringareasbyencouragingthewaterincloudsthatwouldotherwisefallsomewhereelsetofallinyourlocation.Ifonecountryusescloudseedingtocreaterain,aneighbouringcountrywillalsobeverylikelytoloseoutbecausecloudsareconstantlyformingandreforming.28.InHuggins’study,atfirstcloudseedingwasusedto.A.increaseannualsnowfallinUtahB.sendchemicalsintosummercloudsC.lowertheamountofhailinColoradoD.putoutforestfiresandhelpcropsgrow29.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtenuousinthefourthparagraphprobablymean?A.Negative. B.Weak. C.Surprising. D.Various.30.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Shouldweseedcloudstomakerain?B.Shouldweseedcloudsatalowerprice?C.Cancloudseedinghelpendadrought?D.Cancloudseedingbemoreeco-friendly?【答案】28.C29.B30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat,butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.

(我最早的经验是在科罗拉多东北部使用人工降雨来减少冰雹的数量。我们没有任何运气，但后来我们成功地在犹他州增加了降雪量。)”可知，Huggins的研究中，人工降雨最初是被用来减少科罗拉多冰雹的数量。故选C。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据前文“Ascloudseedingisexpensive

(因为人工降雨是昂贵的)”以及划线词后面的内容“itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion.

(它的用处仍然是一个意见问题。)”可知，此处强调人工降雨是昂贵的即人工降雨的缺点，划线词应该表述人工降雨效果不佳的特征，才能与前文构成并列，由此引发人们对其用处的争议。B选项“Weak(微弱的，无影响力的)”与划线词为同义词。故选B。【30题详解】主旨大意题。结合倒数第二段“Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels,thechemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals,andsomestudieshavefoundthemslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat,someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthelong-termimpacts,asthereisn’tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulate(累积)intheenvironmentover10years.(此外，人工降雨还会对环境造成影响。高浓度的化学物质会对人类和其他动物造成伤害，一些研究发现它们有轻微的毒性。除此之外，一些环保主义者担心长期影响，因为没有数据表明这些化学物质在10年内在环境中积累了多少。)”和最后一段“Anotherfearisthatcloudseedingcouldpotentiallystealwaterfromneighbouringareasbyencouragingthewaterincloudsthatwouldotherwisefallsomewhereelsetofallinyourlocation.Ifonecountryusescloudseedingtocreaterain,aneighbouringcountrywillalsobeverylikelytoloseoutbecausecloudsareconstantlyformingandreforming.(另一个担忧是，人工降雨可能会促使原本会落在其他地方的云中的水落到你所在的位置，从而潜在地从邻近地区窃取水分。如果一个国家使用人工降雨，其邻国也很可能会损失，因为云在不断形成和变化。)”，再通读全文，本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。A选项“Shouldweseedcloudstomakerain?(我们应该使用人工降雨吗？)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选A。DWhatdoesitmeantobeintelligent?Ifit’sdefinedbyhavingthebiggestbrain,thenspermwhales—whosebrainis20pounds—wouldbethebrightestcreaturesonEarth.But,morelikely,intelligenceiswhatgivesanorganismthebestchancetosurviveinanenvironment.Languagemaybeoneofthebestwaystodemonstratethatkindofsmarts.Thoughallanimalscancommunicatewithothers,humansareoneofthefewspeciestohaveaspokenlanguage.Usingspeech,wecouldsharecomplexideas,passknowledgethroughgenerations,andcreatecommunities.Whetherspokenlanguageactuallyhelpedusevolve(进化)asspeciesintomoreadvancedbeings,however,hasneverreallybeentested.“Languageallowinghumanstobeamoreadvancedspeciesisanassumptionthatsomebodycameupwithonedaywithoutreallytryingtoproveit,”saysErichJarvis,aprofessorwhostudiestheneurobiologyofvocallearning.ButJarvisandhiscolleagueswereabletoexaminethisassumptionwiththehelpofsongbirds.Jarvis’newstudyprovidessomeofthefirstevidencethatvocallearning—oneofthecrucialcomponentsforaspokenlanguage—isassociatedwithproblem-solving.Vocallearningistheabilitytoproducenewsoundsbyimitating(模仿)others,relyingonexperienceratherthaninstinct.Togetabettergraspofvocallearningandcognition(认知),thestudyauthorsturnedtosongbirds.Theteamperformedsevencognitiveexperimentson214songbirdsfrom23differentspecies.Ofthese,21specieswerecaughtfromthewild.Twosongbirdsstudiedaredomesticated.Thebehavioraltestsexaminedthebirds’problemsolving,forinstancebyfiguringouthowtoremoveanobjecttoaccessthefoodreward.Theresearchersalsotestedtwootherskillsoftenassociatedwithintelligence:learningbyassociation,pluswhat’scalledreversal(倒转的)learning,inwhichananimaladjustsitsbehaviortogetareward.Theythenlookedatwhetherbeingvocallearnershelpeddevelopthethreeskills,comparing21birdspeciestotwoothers,whichwerevocalnon-learners.Thebiologistsnoticedastrongrelationshipbetweenvocallearningandproblem-solvingskills.Vocallearningbirdspeciescouldcomeupwithinnovativeideas,suchasgettingseeds,orawormtrappedunderacupbyremovingtheobstacleorpullingitapart.Allthreeabilities—problemsolving,associativelearning,andreversallearning—aretypicallyconsidered“componentsofintelligence,”hesays.Brainsizewasanotherbenefittovocallearningthatmayhavesupportedtheseproblem-solvingabilities.The21vocal-learningspecieshadslightlylargerbrains,relativetotheirbodysize,thanthetwowhoweren’t.Jarvissaysit’spossiblethesebig-headedbirdspackedmoreneurons.Onequestionleftunanswerediswhythere’ssuchastrongrelationshipbetweenproblem-solvingabilitiesandvocallearning.Thebrainareasinchargeofvocallearningarenotthesameonesthatgetactivatedwhenweneedtotroubleshootanissue,saysJarvis.31.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto______.A.promoteanewtheory B.offeranexampleC.presentanassumption D.makeacontrast32.WhydoesJarviscarryoutthestudy?A.Toexaminetheproblem-solvingabilityofsongbirds.B.Toprovethesignificanceofvocallearningtohumans.C.Toillustratetheinfluenceofbrainsizeonvocallearning.D.Totesttherelationbetweenvocallearningandintelligence.33.Whatdoweknowfromthestudyonsongbirds?A.Advancedspecieshavebetterproblem-solvingability.B.Vocallearnershaveabetterdevelopmentofintelligence.C.Betterproblem-solvingabilityleadstobiggerbrainsize.D.Humansandsongbirdsarebothgoodatvocallearning.34.Wecaninferthatfuturestudywillfocuson________.A.whyhumans’problem-solvingabilitiesdevelopbetterB.howotherabilitiesareconnectedtosongbirds’intelligenceC.howproblem-solvingandvocallearningbrainareasarerelatedD.whyvocallearningdifferencesexistinvarioussongbirdsspecies【答案】31.C32.D33.B34.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了声乐学习对于智力发展有积极的促进作用。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“Whatdoesitmeantobeintelligent?(聪明意味着什么？)”以及文章第一段第三句“Languagemaybeoneofthebestwaystodemonstratethatkindofsmarts.(语言可能是展示这种智慧的最佳方式之一。)”还有文章第一段最后一句“Whetherspokenlanguageactuallyhelpedusevolve(进化)asspeciesintomoreadvancedbeings,however,hasneverreallybeentested.(语言是否真的帮助我们进化，然而，作为一个物种，进化成更先进的生物，从未真正经过测试。)”可知，作者提出了一个问题“聪明是什么”？之后作者认为语言最能说明聪明与否。所以作者提出了一个假设，语言是否真的帮助我们进化，是否是证明聪明的最佳方式之一，但这个假设还有待验证。故选C项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“Jarvis’newstudyprovidessomeofthefirstevidencethatvocallearning—oneofthecrucialcomponentsforaspokenlanguage—isassociatedwithproblem-solving.(贾维斯的新研究提供了一些初步证据，证明声乐学习——口语的关键组成部分之一——与解决问题有关。)”可知，贾维斯执行这项研究是因为他想验证声乐学习是否和智慧相关。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。文章第五段“Thebiologistsnoticedastrongrelationshipbetweenvocallearningandproblem-solvingskills.Vocallearningbirdspeciescouldcomeupwithinnovativeideas,suchasgettingseeds,orawormtrappedunderacupbyremovingtheobstacleorpullingitapart.Allthreeabilities—problemsolving,associativelearning,andreversallearning—aretypicallyconsidered“componentsofintelligence,”hesays.(生物学家们注意到声乐学习和解决问题的能力之间有着密切的关系。声乐学习鸟类可以想出创新的想法，比如通过移除障碍物或将其拉开来获得种子，或者将蠕虫困在杯子下。他说