2017年英语四级试题

2017年英语四级试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.SupposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.TheriseoftheInternethasfundamentallychangedhowweaccessinformation.Inthepast,knowledgewasoften___1___inlibrariesorinthemindsofexperts.Today,avastoceanofinformationisavailableatourfingertips.However,this___2___alsopresentssignificantchallenges.Thesheervolumeofonlinecontentcanbeoverwhelming,makingitdifficultto___3___reliablesourcesfrommisinformation.Furthermore,the___4___natureofthewebmeansthatfalseormisleadinginformationcanspreadrapidly,sometimeswithserious___5___.Thisphenomenon,oftencalled"informationoverload,"requiresustodevelopnewskills.Wemustbecomemore___6___consumersofinformation.Thisinvolvesnotjustfindinginformation,butcritically___7___it.Weneedtoaskquestionsaboutthesource,theevidenceprovided,andthepotentialbiasesoftheauthor.Educationalinstitutionsareincreasinglyemphasizingthesecriticalthinkingandmedialiteracyskillstopreparestudentsforthedigitalage.Ultimately,theabilitytonavigatethiscomplexinformation___8___isbecomingasimportantastheknowledgeitself.WhiletheInternethasdemocratizedaccesstofacts,ithasalsoplacedtheburdenof___9___andinterpretationontheindividual.Inthisnewenvironment,wisdomliesnotmerelyinknowinganswers,butinknowinghowtoasktherightquestionsand___10___thecredibilityoftheinformationwefind.A)evaluatingB)consequencesC)storedD)abundanceE)landscapeF)isolatedG)discriminateH)accessibleI)verifyJ)passiveK)dynamicL)judgmentM)scatteredN)criticalO)paceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.TheBenefitsofBilingualism[A]Foralongtime,raisingchildrentospeaktwolanguageswasoftendiscouragedbyeducatorsanddoctors.Theybelievedthatbilingualismcouldleadtoconfusionanddelayinlanguagedevelopment.However,modernresearchhascompletelyoverturnedthisview.Scientistsnowunderstandthatthebilingualbrainhasdistinctadvantages.[B]Oneofthemostwell-documentedbenefitsiscognitive.Bilingualindividualsoftenperformbetterontasksthatrequireexecutivefunction.Thisisthebrain'scommandcenter,responsibleforfocusingattention,switchingbetweentasks,andholdinginformationinmind—likeworkingmemory.Constantlymanagingtwolanguagesactsasamentalworkout,strengtheningthesecognitivemuscles.[C]Studiesusingbrainimaginghaveshownstructuraldifferencesinthebrainsofbilingualpeople.Certainareas,particularlythoseinvolvedinlanguageprocessingandexecutivecontrol,maybemoredevelopedorshowhigherefficiency.Thismentalflexibilitycanalsocontributetobetterproblem-solvingskillsandenhancedcreativity.[D]Thecognitiveadvantagesextendintolaterlife.Researchsuggeststhatbilingualismcandelaytheonsetofsymptomsofdementia,suchasAlzheimer'sdisease,byseveralyears.Whileitisnotacure,theconstantmentalmanagementrequiredtojuggletwolanguagesappearstobuilda"cognitivereserve"thathelpsthebraincompensatefordamage.[E]Beyondcognition,bilingualismofferssignificantsocialandculturalbenefits.Itallowsindividualstoconnectwithmorepeopleandaccessmultipleculturesdirectlythroughliterature,film,andpersonalinteraction.Thisfostersgreaterempathyandcross-culturalunderstanding.[F]Inanincreasinglyglobalizedjobmarket,bilingualismisavaluableasset.Itopensupmorecareeropportunities,bothdomesticallyandinternationally.Manycompaniesactivelyseekemployeeswhocancommunicatewithclientsandcolleaguesindifferentpartsoftheworld.[G]Forchildren,learningtwolanguagesfrombirthisoftentheeasiestpath.Theyabsorbthesounds,grammar,andvocabularynaturally.However,itisnevertoolatetolearnasecondlanguage.Whileadultsmayfacedifferentchallenges,suchasaless"plastic"brainforaccentacquisition,theycanstillachievehighproficiencyandreapmanyofthecognitivebenefits.[H]Someparentsworrythatintroducingasecondlanguagewillhinderthedevelopmentofthefirst.Evidenceshowsthatwhilebilingualchildrenmightmixwordsoccasionally(aphenomenoncalledcode-switching),theirtotalvocabularyacrossbothlanguagesistypicallyonparwithorexceedsthatofmonolingualchildren.Anyinitialminordelaysusuallydisappearquickly.[I]Inconclusion,theoldfearsaboutbilingualismcausingconfusionareunfounded.Instead,masteringtwolanguagesprovidesapowerfulworkoutforthebrain,leadingtolifelongcognitive,social,andprofessionaladvantages.Itisagiftthatkeepsongiving,fromearlychildhoodintooldage.1.Bilingualismisconsideredapositivefactorinthecompetitiveglobalemploymentmarket.2.Earlyconcernsaboutbilingualismwerebasedontheideathatitmightslowdownachild'slanguagelearning.3.Theenhancedmentalcontrolinbilingualscomesfromtheongoingneedtohandletwolinguisticsystems.4.Brainscansindicatethatthebrainsofpeoplewhospeaktwolanguageshavephysicaldifferencesinsomeregions.5.Acquiringtwolanguagesfrominfancyisgenerallyconsideredthemosteffortlessapproach.6.Onelong-termbenefitofbilingualismisthatitmayhelpthebrainresistage-relatedcognitivedeclineforalongerperiod.7.Thetotallanguagecapacityofbilingualchildrenisnotinferiortothatofchildrenwhospeakonlyonelanguage.8.Theabilitytospeaktwolanguagespromotesdeeperappreciationandcomprehensionofdifferentcultures.9.Thehistoricalnegativeattitudetowardsraisingchildrenbilinguallyhasbeenrejectedbycontemporaryscience.10.Thementalskillsimprovedbybilingualismincludetheabilitytoconcentrateandmultitask.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intherealmofurbanplanning,theconceptofthe"15-minutecity"hasgainedconsiderabletraction.Theideaissimpleyetrevolutionary:todesignneighborhoodswhereresidentscanmeetmostoftheirdailyneeds—suchaswork,shopping,education,andentertainment—withina15-minutewalkorbikeridefromtheirhomes.Thismodelispresentedasanantidotetothecar-dependenturbansprawlthatcharacterizesmanymoderncities,aimingtoreducetrafficcongestion,lowercarbonemissions,andimprovequalityoflife.Proponentsarguethatthe15-minutecityfosterscommunitycohesion.Whenpeoplelive,work,andplayinthesamearea,theyaremorelikelytoformconnectionswiththeirneighbors,creatingstrongersocialnetworks.Italsopromisesgreaterequity,asaccesstoessentialservicesbecomeslessdependentonowningacar,benefitinglower-incomehouseholds.Furthermore,byprioritizingpedestriansandcyclistsovercars,theseneighborhoodsbecomesafer,quieter,andlesspolluted.However,criticsraiseseveralconcerns.Onemajorchallengeisthefeasibilityoftransformingexistingcar-centriccities,whichwouldrequiremassiveinvestmentinpublictransit,redistributionofservices,andredesignofinfrastructure.Thereisalsoariskofcreating"islandsofprivilege"ifsuchwell-equippedneighborhoodsbecomeunaffordablefortheaveragecitizen,potentiallyincreasingsocio-economicsegregation.Additionally,someopponentsviewtheconceptasoverlyrestrictive,limitingpersonalfreedomofmovementandchoice.Despitethedebates,severalcities,includingParis,Barcelona,andPortland,areactivelyexperimentingwithpoliciestopromotethisvision.The15-minutecityisnotaone-size-fits-allblueprint,butratherasetofprinciplesthatcanbeadaptedtodifferenturbancontexts.Itscoreappealliesinitsfocusonhuman-scaledevelopment,suggestingafuturewhereconvenience,sustainability,andcommunityarewovenintothefabricofcitylife.1.Whatistheprimarygoalofthe"15-minutecity"model?A)Toexpandcityboundariestoaccommodatemorepopulation.B)Toconcentrateallbusinessactivitiesinacity'sdowntownarea.C)Toenableresidentstofulfilldailyneedswithinashortdistancefromhome.D)Tocompletelybantheuseofprivatevehiclesinurbanareas.2.Accordingtoproponents,whichofthefollowingisNOTapotentialbenefitofthe15-minutecity?A)Enhancedsocialtiesamongresidents.B)Reducedeconomicinequalityinaccesstoservices.C)Decreasedgovernmentspendingonpublicprojects.D)Improvedenvironmentalconditions.3.Whatisoneofthemaincriticismsmentionedagainstthe15-minutecity?A)Itignorestheimportanceofdigitalconnectivity.B)Itmayleadtounfairdivisionbetweenrichandpoorareas.C)Ithasbeenproventoincreasetrafficaccidents.D)Itrequirescitizenstogiveuptheirprivateproperty.4.TheauthormentionsParis,Barcelona,andPortlandtoillustratethat______.A)themodelisonlysuitableforEuropeanandAmericancitiesB)implementingthemodeliscost-freeC)theconceptisbeingtestedinreal-worldsettingsD)thesecitieshavesuccessfullysolvedallrelatedchallenges5.Whatistheauthor'soveralltonetowardsthe15-minutecityconcept?A)Stronglycriticalanddismissive.B)Unbiasedandinformational,presentingbothsides.C)Highlypromotionalandadvertising.D)Deeplyskepticalandpessimistic.PassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumblebicycleisexperiencingarenaissanceincitiesaroundtheworld.Onceovershadowedbytheautomobile,bikesarenowattheheartofurbanmobilitystrategies.Thisshiftisdrivenbyaconfluenceoffactors:growingconcernsaboutclimatechange,increasedhealthconsciousness,andfrustratingtrafficcongestion.Citygovernmentsareinvestingheavilyinbicycleinfrastructure.Dedicatedbikelanes,protectedfrommotortraffic,arebecomingmorecommon.Bike-sharingprograms,offeringaffordableshort-termrentalsviasmartphoneapps,haveexplodedinpopularity,makingcyclingconvenientevenforthosewithouttheirownbike.Theseinitiativesaimnotonlytoprovideanalternativemodeoftransportbutalsotomakecyclingsaferandmoreappealingtoabroaderpopulation.Thebenefitsaremultifaceted.Fromanenvironmentalperspective,cyclingproduceszeroemissions,contributingtocleanerairandlowercarbonfootprints.Forpublichealth,itincorporatesphysicalactivityintodailyroutines,combatingsedentarylifestyleslinkedtoobesityandheartdisease.Economically,cyclingreducespersonaltransportcostsandcanboostlocalbusinessesascyclistsaremorelikelytostopatshopsthancardrivers.However,thepathtoabike-friendlycityisnotwithoutobstacles.Safetyremainsaparamountconcern,especiallyincitieswherecyclingcultureisnewandinfrastructureisincomplete.Conflictsbetweencyclistsanddrivers,orpedestrians,canoccur.Theftisanotherissuethatdeterspotentialcyclists.Moreover,weatherconditionsandacity'stopography(e.g.,beingveryhilly)canposepracticalchallenges.Despitethesehurdles,thetrendisclear.Thebicycleisnolongerseenmerelyasarecreationaltooloravehicleforthededicatedfew.Itisincreasinglyrecognizedasalegitimate,efficient,andsustainablecomponentofurbantransportsystems.Ascitiescontinuetogrowandseeksolutionsforlivability,theintegrationofthebicycleseemsnotjustdesirable,butessentialforcreatingmoreresilientandhuman-centeredurbanenvironments.6.Whatisthemainreasonfortherenewedglobalfocusonbicyclesincities?A)Adeclineintheproductionofautomobiles.B)Acombinationofenvironmental,health,andtrafficissues.C)Thehighcostofmaintainingpublicbussystems.D)Newtechnologicalbreakthroughsinbicycledesign.7.Whatmeasurehavecitiestakentopromotecyclingaccordingtothepassage?A)Banningcarsfromallcitycenters.B)Subsidizingthepurchaseofprivatecars.C)Introducingbike-sharingsystemsandbuildingsafebikelanes.D)Makingpublictransitfreeforcyclists.8.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasaneconomicbenefitofcycling?A)Itcreatesjobsintheautomobilemanufacturingindustry.B)Itincreasesgovernmentrevenuefromroadtaxes.C)Itencouragespeopletospendmoreinlocalstores.D)Itsignificantlyreducesthecostofroadconstruction.9.Whatisamajorchallengefacingthepromotionofurbancycling?A)Lackofpublicinterestinphysicalexercise.B)Thehighinitialcostofbuyingaqualitybicycle.C)Safetyissuesrelatedtotrafficandinfrastructure.D)Oppositionfrompublictransportationunions.10.Howdoestheauthorviewthefutureroleofbicyclesincities?A)Asanichemodeoftransportforsportsenthusiasts.B)Asanimpracticalsolutionformostmajorcities.C)Asanindispensablepartofsustainableurbanplanning.D)Asatemporarytrendthatwilllikelyfadeaway.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门古老的汉字书写艺术。它不仅是沟通的工具，还被视为一种高雅的艺术形式，能够表达书写者的情感与个性。书法艺术历经数千年发展，形成了多种风格迥异的书体，如篆书、隶书、楷书、行书和草书。练习书法需要极高的专注力与耐心，被认为是一种修身养性的方式。如今，尽管人们更多地使用电子设备进行书写，但书法仍然深受许多人喜爱，并在学校课程和文化活动中占有一席之地，传承着这一宝贵的文化遗产。---答案KeyPartIWriting(Sampleforreference)LearningEnglishwellrequiresacombinationofeffectivestrategiesandconsistentpractice.First,buildingastrongvocabularyfoundationiscrucial.Youcanachievethisbyreadingwidely—books,newsarticles,andsimplestories—andusingflashcardsorappstomemorize