英语四级试题2024

英语四级试题2024

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImpactofShortVideoPlatformsonLearning.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Intoday'sdigitalage,theconceptofa"smartcity"isbecomingincreasinglyprevalent.Asmartcityusesvarioustypesofelectronicdatacollectionsensorstosupplyinformationwhichisusedtomanageassetsandresources______(1).Thisdataiscollectedfromcitizens,devices,andassetsandthenprocessedandanalyzedtomonitorandmanagetrafficandtransportationsystems,powerplants,watersupplynetworks,wastemanagement,andothercommunityservices.The______(2)goalofasmartcityistoimprovethequalityoflifeforitscitizensbyusingtechnologytoenhancethe______(3)andperformanceofurbanservices.Thedevelopmentofsmartcities______(4)heavilyontheInternetofThings(IoT).IoTdevices,embeddedininfrastructure,collectreal-timedata.Thisinterconnectednessallowscityadministratorsto______(5)toproblemsmoreswiftly.Forinstance,smarttrafficlightscanadjusttheirtimingbasedoncurrenttrafficflow,reducingcongestion.Similarly,smartgridscan______(6)distributeelectricitybasedonusagepatterns,promotingenergyconservation.However,theriseofsmartcitiesalsobringssignificantchallenges.Dataprivacyandsecurityare______(7)concerns.Thevastamountofpersonalinformationcollectedcouldbe______(8)ifnotproperlyprotected.Moreover,thehighcostofimplementingsuchtechnologymay______(9)adigitaldivide,wherewealthierareasbenefitmorethanpoorerones.Therefore,whilepursuingtechnologicaladvancement,citiesmustalsoestablishrobustpoliciestoaddressthese______(10)issues.WordBank:A)efficientlyB)primaryC)ethicalD)hingesE)optimizeF)respondG)efficiencyH)crucialI)misusedJ)widenK)consequentlyL)exploitedM)punctualN)simultaneouslyO)innovativeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.TheRiseofthe"GigEconomy"[A]Thetraditionalmodeloflifelongemploymentwithasinglecompanyisundergoingasignificanttransformation.Initsplace,the"gigeconomy"—characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs—isexpandingrapidly.Thisshiftisdrivenbytechnologicalplatformsthatconnectworkersdirectlywithclientsforspecifictasks,fromdrivinganddeliverytographicdesignandconsulting.[B]Formanyworkers,thegigeconomyoffersunprecedentedflexibility.Theycanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork.Thisautonomyisparticularlyappealingtostudents,caregivers,orthoseseekingtosupplementtheirincome.Itallowsindividualstotailortheirworkaroundtheirpersonallives,ratherthantheotherwayaround.Furthermore,itprovidesopportunitiesforpeopletomonetizeskillsorhobbiesthatmightnotfitintoaconventionaljobdescription.[C]However,thisflexibilityoftencomesatahighcost.Gigworkersaretypicallyclassifiedasindependentcontractors,notemployees.Thismeanstheyusuallylackaccesstotraditionalbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,retirementplans,orunemploymentinsurance.Theirincomecanbeirregularandunpredictable,makingfinancialplanningdifficult.Theresponsibilityforfindingwork,managingtaxes,andpurchasingbenefitsfallsentirelyontheindividual.[D]Thepsychologicalimpactofthisprecariousworkarrangementisalsonoteworthy.Theconstantneedtosecurethenextgigcanleadtochronicstressandanxiety.Withoutthesocialstructureandcamaraderieofatraditionalworkplace,somegigworkersreportfeelingsofisolation.Theblurringlinebetweenworkandpersonaltime,astheyarealways"oncall"viatheirapps,canalsoleadtoburnout.[E]Fromaneconomicperspective,businessesbenefitgreatlyfromthegigmodel.Itallowsthemtoscaletheirworkforceupordownquicklybasedondemandwithoutthecommitmentsassociatedwithfull-timeemployees.Thiscanleadtosignificantcostsavingsonsalaries,benefits,andofficespace.Companiescanalsotapintoaglobaltalentpool,hiringthebestpersonforaspecificprojectregardlessoflocation.[F]Thiseconomicefficiency,however,raisesbroadersocietalquestions.Theerosionofstableemploymentrelationshipschallengestraditionalsocialsafetynetsthataretiedtoformalemployment.Thereisanongoingdebateaboutwhethergigcompaniesshouldberequiredtoprovidemoreprotectionsfortheirworkers.Someregionshavebegunimplementinglawstoreclassifycertaingigworkersasemployeesortomandateplatformcompaniestocontributetobenefitfunds.[G]Lookingahead,thegigeconomyislikelytocontinuegrowing.Advancesinartificialintelligenceandautomationmayeliminatesometraditionaljobswhilecreatingnew,project-basedopportunities.Thekeychallengeforpolicymakerswillbetofosterinnovationandeconomicgrowthwhileensuringthatworkersareprotectedfromexploitationandinsecurity.Developingnewformsofportablebenefitsthatarenottiedtoasingleemployerisonepotentialsolutionbeingexplored.[H]Ultimately,thegigeconomyrepresentsafundamentalrethinkingofwork.Itempowersindividualswithautonomybutalsotransferssignificantriskfromcorporationstoindividuals.Balancingthepromisesofflexibilityandinnovationwiththeneedforsecurityandfairnesswillbeoneofthedefiningeconomicissuesofthecomingdecades.1.Theabilitytoadjustthesizeoftheworkforceflexiblyisamajoradvantageforcompaniesinthegigeconomy.2.Onepotentialfuturesolutioninvolvescreatingbenefitsthatworkerscancarryacrossdifferentjobs.3.Thegigeconomyispartlyfueledbydigitalplatformsthatlinkserviceproviderswithcustomers.4.Asignificantdrawbackforgigworkersistheabsenceofstablebenefitslikehealthinsurance.5.Theconstantpressuretofindnewworkassignmentscannegativelyaffectmentalhealth.6.Thetraditionalexpectationofhavingalifelongcareeratonecompanyischanging.7.Thegigmodelenablespeopletoearnmoneyfromtheirpersonalskillsorinterests.8.Theclassificationofgigworkersasindependentcontractorsisacentralreasonfortheirlackofbenefits.9.Theexpansionofthegigeconomyforcesareevaluationofsocialsecuritysystemsdesignedforfull-timeemployment.10.Thelong-termtrendofgigworkgrowthmaybeinfluencedbydevelopmentsinAIandautomation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Climatechangeisnolongeradistantthreatbutapresentreality,compellingcommunitiesworldwidetoadapt.Oneofthemostcriticalareasofadaptationisagriculture,asfoodsecurityhingesonstablegrowingconditions.Farmersareincreasinglyturningto"climate-smartagriculture"(CSA),asetofpracticesdesignedtoincreaseproductivity,enhanceresiliencetoclimateshocks,and,wherepossible,reducegreenhousegasemissions.CSAisnotaone-size-fits-allapproach;itistailoredtolocalconditions.Techniquesmayincludeplantingdrought-resistantcropvarieties,usingefficientirrigationsystemslikedripirrigation,practicingagroforestry(integratingtreesintofarmlands),andimprovingsoilmanagementthroughcovercropping.Thesemethodshelpsoilretainmoisture,increasebiodiversity,andsequestercarbon.TheadoptionofCSAfacesseveralhurdles.Initialcostsfornewseeds,equipment,ortrainingcanbeprohibitiveforsmall-scalefarmers,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Thereisalsoaknowledgegap;farmersneedaccesstoinformationandtechnicalsupporttoimplementnewpracticeseffectively.Furthermore,long-standingtraditionalfarminghabitscanbedifficulttochange.Despitethechallenges,thebenefitsarecompelling.StudiesshowthatCSAcanleadtohigherandmorestableyieldsovertime,evenundererraticweatherpatterns.Thistranslatestobetterincomeandfoodsecurityforfarmingfamilies.Onalargerscale,widespreadadoptionofCSAiscrucialforglobaleffortstomitigateclimatechange,asagricultureisbothavictimandacontributortotheproblem.Bymakingagriculturepartofthesolution,CSAoffersapathtowardamoresustainableandfood-securefuture.1.WhatistheprimarygoalofClimate-SmartAgriculture(CSA)?A)Tocompletelyeliminatetheuseofchemicalfertilizers.B)Toincreaseproductivity,resilience,andreduceemissions.C)Toreplacealltraditionalfarmingmethodsglobally.D)Tofocussolelyonproducingdrought-resistantcrops.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaCSAtechnique?A)Integratingtreeswithcrops.B)Usingadvancedharvestingmachines.C)Plantingcropsthatneedlesswater.D)Employingwater-savingirrigation.3.Whatisamajorobstacleforsmall-scalefarmersinadoptingCSA?A)Lackofinterestfromtheinternationalcommunity.B)Thehighupfrontinvestmentrequired.C)TheprovenineffectivenessofCSAtechniques.D)Strictgovernmentregulationsagainstnewmethods.4.WhatpositiveoutcomedoesthepassageassociatewithCSAimplementation?A)Itguaranteesmaximumprofiteveryseason.B)Itleadstomoreconsistentcropproduction.C)Iteliminatestheimpactofallweatherextremes.D)Itimmediatelyreducesglobaltemperatures.5.Theauthor'soverallattitudetowardsCSAcanbedescribedas________.A)skepticalanddismissiveB)optimisticandsupportiveC)neutralanddetachedD)criticalandconcernedPassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephenomenonof"urbanheatislands"(UHIs)referstothefactthatcitiesareoftensignificantlywarmerthantheirsurroundingruralareas.Thistemperaturedifferenceisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivitiesandthephysicalcharacteristicsofurbanlandscapes.Vastexpansesofdark,impervioussurfaceslikeasphaltandconcreteabsorbandretainheatfromthesun,releasingitslowlyatnight.Meanwhile,thelackofvegetationreducesshadeandevaporativecooling.Wasteheatfromvehicles,airconditioners,andindustrialprocessesaddstotheeffect.TheconsequencesofUHIsaremultifaceted.Elevatedtemperaturescanworsenairpollutionbyacceleratingtheformationofground-levelozone.Thisposesserioushealthrisks,particularlyfortheelderly,children,andthosewithrespiratoryconditions.Heat-relatedillnessesandmortalityriseduringheatwaves,whichareintensifiedincities.Theincreasedenergydemandforairconditioningstrainspowergridsandleadstohighergreenhousegasemissions,creatingaviciouscyclethatcontributestofurtherglobalwarming.MitigatingUHIsrequiresstrategicurbanplanning.Increasinggreenspacesisoneofthemosteffectivestrategies.Parks,greenroofs,andstreettreesprovideshadeandcooltheairthroughevapotranspiration.Usinglighter-colored,reflectivematerialsforpavementsandbuildingscanreduceheatabsorption.Promotingurbandesignsthatenhancenaturalventilationandreducingwasteheatfromhumanactivitiesarealsocrucial.AddressingUHIsisnotjustaboutcomfort;itisamatterofpublichealth,energysustainability,andclimateresilience.Asglobaltemperaturescontinuetorise,implementingthesemitigationstrategiesbecomesincreasinglyurgentforcreatinglivable,sustainablecitiesforthefuture.6.Whatisthemainreasoncitiesbecome"urbanheatislands"?A)Thehighconcentrationofpeoplegeneratingbodyheat.B)Theuseofdark,heat-absorbingmaterialsandlackofplants.C)Thedeliberatedesigntokeepcitieswarminwinter.D)Thegeographicallocationofmostmajorcities.7.HowdoUHIsnegativelyaffectairquality?A)Byblockingwindsthatdispersepollutants.B)Byincreasingtheproductionofozoneatgroundlevel.C)Byattractingmoreindustrialfactoriestocities.D)Byreducingtheefficiencyofairpurificationsystems.8.WhatisamentionednegativecyclecausedbyUHIs?A)Moreheat→lessconstruction→economicdecline.B)Moreheat→moreA/Cuse→moreemissions→morewarming.C)Moreheat→morepeoplemovingout→urbandecay.D)Moreheat→morewaterconsumption→droughts.9.WhichofthefollowingissuggestedasamethodtocombatUHIs?A)Paintingbuildingsandroadswithdarkcolors.B)Installingmorepowerfulairconditioningsystemscitywide.C)Replacingasphaltwithmaterialsthatreflectmoresunlight.D)Limitingthenumberoftreestoallowmorewindflow.10.Whatistheauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassage?A)Tocriticizepoorurbanplanninginthepast.B)Toexplainthecauses,effects,andsolutionsofUHIs.C)Topromotetheuseofspecificreflectivepaintproducts.D)Toarguefortherelocationofpopulationstocoolerruralareas.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门古老的艺术，至今仍充满活力。它不仅是书写文字的一种方式，更被视为一种心灵修养和艺术表达。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有美感和节奏感的线条。练习书法需要耐心和专注，有助于修身养性。如今，书法不仅被中国人欣赏，也吸引了世界各地越来越多的人学习。它作为中国文化的一个重要组成部分，促进了跨文化交流。---答案AnswerKeyPartIWriting(Note:Thisisasampleessayforreference.)Theproliferationofshortvideoplatformshasprofoundlyinfluencedcontemporarylearningparadigms.Onthepositiveside,theseplatformsofferanengagingandaccessiblemediumforknowledgeacquisition.Complexconceptscanbebrokendownintodigestible,visuallyappealingclips,makinglearningmoreappealing,especiallyforyoungergenerations.Skillsrangingfromcookingtolanguagelearningarenowreadilyavailableatone'sfingertips.However,theimpactisnotsolelybeneficial.Thefragmentednatureofshortvideosmayencourageahabitofsuperficiallearning,whereusersskimthroughinformationwithoutdeepcomprehensionorcriticalthinking.Thealgorithm-drivencontentcanalsocreate"informationcocoons,"limitingexposuretodiverseperspectives.Inconclusion,whileshortvideoplatformsserveaspowerfulsupplementaryeducati