英语四级试题分值

英语四级试题分值

PartIWriting(30minutes)(15%)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImportanceofDevelopingCriticalThinkingSkills.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)(35%)SectionA(5%)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Intoday'srapidlyevolvingjobmarket,theconceptofa"jobforlife"haslargelybecome____(1)____.Technologicaladvancementsandeconomicshiftsaretransformingindustriesatan____(2)____pace.Consequently,professionalsmustnow____(3)____amindsetofcontinuouslearningtoremainrelevant.Thisinvolvesnotonlyacquiringnewtechnicalskillsbutalsodeveloping____(4)____abilitieslikeadaptabilityandproblem-solving.Employersincreasinglyvaluecandidateswhodemonstrate____(5)____andthecapacitytolearnfromexperience.Thetraditionalcareerladderisbeingreplacedbyamoreflexiblecareer"lattice,"wherelateralmovesandskill____(6)____areasimportantasverticalpromotions.Tonavigatethislandscape,individualsmusttake____(7)____ownershipoftheircareerdevelopment.Educationalinstitutionsandcompaniesarerespondingbyofferingmoremodular,on-demandlearning____(8)____.However,theultimateresponsibilitylieswiththeindividualto____(9)____theseopportunitiesandinvestintheirowngrowth.Embracinglifelonglearningisnolongerjustanadvantage;itisafundamental____(10)____forlong-termcareerresilienceandsuccess.A)accelerateB)accessC)agilityD)assumeE)componentsF)cultivateG)extinctH)initiativeI)opportunitiesJ)personalK)requirementL)resourcesM)transferableN)unprecedentedO)versatileSectionB(10%)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.TheHiddenWorldofPlantCommunication[A]Forcenturies,plantshavebeenperceivedaspassive,silentorganisms.However,groundbreakingresearchinrecentdecadeshasrevealedacomplex,dynamicworldofplantinteractionandcommunication.Farfrombeinginert,plantsareengagedinaconstant,sophisticateddialoguewiththeirenvironmentandeachother.[B]Oneofthemostwell-documentedformsofplantcommunicationisthroughchemicalsignalsreleasedintotheairorsoil.Whenaplantisattackedbyherbivores,suchascaterpillars,itoftenreleasesvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs).Theseairbornechemicalsserveasadistresssignal.[C]Neighboringplantsofthesameorrelatedspeciescan"eavesdrop"onthesesignals.UpondetectingtheVOCs,theyactivatetheirowndefensemechanismspreemptively.Thesedefensesmightincludeproducingbitter-tastingortoxicchemicalsintheirleavestodetertheapproachingherbivores,effectivelygivingthemanearlywarningsystem.[D]Belowtheground,anevenmoreintricatenetworkexists.Mostlandplantsformsymbioticrelationshipswithmycorrhizalfungi.Thesefungicreatevast,thread-likenetworks(mycelium)thatconnecttherootsystemsofdifferentplants,oftenofdifferentspecies,inaforest.Thisundergroundwebhasbeennicknamedthe"WoodWideWeb."[E]Throughthisfungalnetwork,plantscanexchangenotonlychemicalsignalsbutalsonutrients.Atreeseedlingstrugglinginashadedunderstorymightreceivecarbonsugarsfromalarger,well-establishedtree.Inreturn,theseedlingmightsharenutrientslikenitrogenorphosphorusithasaccesseddifferently.Thisrepresentsaformofmutualaid.[F]Researchsuggeststhatplantscanalsorecognizetheirkinthroughrootinteractions.Somestudiesindicatethatplantsmayexhibitlesscompetitivebehaviorandshareresourcesmoregenerouslywiththeirsiblingsthanwithunrelatedplantsofthesamespecies,hintingataprimitiveformoffamilyrecognition.[G]Furthermore,plantsreleasedifferentchemicalcuesfordifferentthreats.TheblendofVOCsemittedforachewinginsectlikeabeetlediffersfromthatforasuckinginsectlikeanaphid.Nearbyplantscaninterpretthesenuancedsignalsandtailortheirdefenseresponsesaccordingly,preparingspecifictoxinsforthespecificthreat.[H]Thischemicalcommunicationisn'tlimitedtodefense.Someplantsreleasesignalstoattractthenaturalpredatorsoftheherbivoresattackingthem.Forexample,aplantunderaphidattackmightreleasechemicalsthatsummonladybugs,whichareaphidpredators,effectivelycallingfor"bodyguard"assistance.[I]Theimplicationsofthisresearchareprofound.Itchallengesourfundamentalunderstandingofintelligence,communication,andcommunityinthenaturalworld.Itsuggeststhatforestsandotherplantcommunitiesmightfunctionasintegrated,cooperativesystemsratherthanmerecollectionsofindividualscompetingforsunlightandsoil.[J]Understandingplantcommunicationalsohaspracticalapplications.Inagriculture,thisknowledgecouldleadtonew,sustainablepestmanagementstrategies.Byharnessingormimickingthesenaturalsignalingcompounds,farmersmightreducetheirrelianceonchemicalpesticides,promotinghealthierecosystems.1.Plantscandifferentiatebetweentypesofherbivoreattacksandsendspecificwarningsignals.2.Acommonnicknamefortheundergroundfungalnetworkconnectingplantsisthe"WoodWideWeb."3.Thediscoveryofplantcommunicationchangeshowweviewplantcommunitiesascooperativesystems.4.Someplantsactivelyseekhelpfrompredatorinsectswhenunderattack.5.Chemicalsignalsreleasedbyanattackedplantcantriggerdefensivepreparationsinitsneighbors.6.Plantsmayshareresourcesmorereadilywiththeircloserelativesthanwithstrangers.7.Airbornechemicalsareonemajorchannelplantsuseforcommunication.8.Thefungalnetworkfacilitatestheexchangeofbothinformationandmaterialresourcesbetweenplants.9.Agriculturalpracticescouldbenefitfromapplyingknowledgeaboutplantsignaling.10.Whenharmedbyherbivores,aplantoftenemitsvolatilecompounds.SectionC(20%)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"—characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs—hasbeenoneofthemostsignificantlabormarketshiftsinrecentyears.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkhavecreatednewopportunitiesforincomegeneration,offeringflexibilityandautonomythattraditional9-to-5jobsoftenlack.Proponentsarguethatitempowersindividualstobetheirownboss,choosetheirworkinghours,anddiversifytheirincomestreams.However,thisshiftcomeswithsubstantialtrade-offs.Gigworkerstypicallylackthesafetynetandbenefitsassociatedwithtraditionalemployment,suchashealthinsurance,paidleave,retirementplans,andprotectionagainstunfairdismissal.Theirincomeisoftenunpredictableandcanfluctuatewildlybasedondemand,platformalgorithms,andcustomerratings.Thisfinancialinstabilitycanmakeitdifficulttosecureloans,rentapartments,orplanforthefuture.Moreover,theveryflexibilitythatistoutedasabenefitcanblurtheboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife,leadingtolongerworkinghoursandburnout.Theresponsibilityfortraining,equipment,andfindingthenext"gig"fallsentirelyontheindividual.Thereisalsoanongoingdebateabouttheclassificationofgigworkers:aretheyindependentcontractorsordefactoemployeesentitledtomoreprotections?Thislegalambiguityleavesmanyinavulnerableposition.Whilethegigmodeloffersundeniableadvantagesforsome,particularlyasasideincomeorforthosewithin-demandskills,itriskscreatingatwo-tieredworkforce.Onetierenjoysstable,benefitedemployment,whiletheothernavigatesprecariousworkwithlittlesecurity.Policymakers,companies,andsocietyatlargearenowgrapplingwithhowtoharnesstheinnovationofthegigeconomywhileensuringfairlaborstandardsandeconomicsecurityforallworkers.1.Whatisakeyfeatureofthegigeconomyaccordingtothepassage?A)Guaranteedlong-termemploymentcontracts.B)Astrongfocusonworkplacecollaboration.C)Workarrangementsbasedonshort-termorfreelancecontracts.D)Mandatorybenefitsprovidedbyplatformcompanies.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialbenefitofgigwork?A)Theabilitytochooseone'sworkinghours.B)Greaterautonomyoverone'swork.C)Stableandpredictablemonthlyincome.D)Opportunitiestodiversifyincomesources.3.Whatisamajordrawbackforgigworkershighlightedinthepassage?A)Theyhavenoaccesstotheinternet.B)Theylacktraditionalemploymentbenefitslikehealthinsurance.C)Theyarerequiredtoworkfixedofficehours.D)Theyreceiveexcessivegovernmentsupervision.4.Theword"precarious"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto________.A)profitableB)secureC)unstableD)prestigious5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Topromotethegigeconomyasthefutureofwork.B)Toprovideastep-by-stepguidetobecomingagigworker.C)Todiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthegigeconomy.D)Tocriticizetechnologycompaniesforexploitingworkers.PassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Biomimicry,thepracticeoflearningfromandimitatingstrategiesfoundinnaturetosolvehumanproblems,isgainingtractionacrossvariousfields.Fromarchitecturetomedicine,engineersanddesignersarelookingtothenaturalworld,whichhasundergone3.8billionyearsofresearchanddevelopment,forsustainableandefficientsolutions.OnefamousexampleistheShinkansenbullettraininJapan.Engineersfacedasignificantproblem:asthetrainexitedtunnelsathighspeed,itcreatedloudsonicboomsduetoairpressurechanges.Thechiefengineer,anavidbirdwatcher,foundinspirationinthekingfisher.Thisbirddivesfromtheairintowaterwithminimalsplashbecauseofitsstreamlinedbeak.Byredesigningthetrain'snosetomimicthekingfisher'sbeak,engineersnotonlyeliminatedthesonicboombutalsoreducedairresistance,makingthetrain10%fasterand15%moreenergy-efficient.Intherealmofmaterialsscience,scientistsstudiedthemicroscopicstructureoflotusleaves,whichremainremarkablycleanduetotheirself-cleaningproperties.Waterdropletsbeadupandrollofftheleaf'ssurface,pickingupdirtparticlesalongtheway.Thisphenomenon,knownasthe"lotuseffect,"hasinspiredthedevelopmentofself-cleaningcoatingsforbuildings,fabrics,andevenpaints.Medicineisanotherfertilegroundforbiomimicry.Researchersareexaminingtheuniquepropertiesofspidersilk,whichisstrongerthansteelyetincrediblylightweightandflexible,forpotentialuseinbiodegradablesuturesandartificialtendons.Thegecko'sabilitytoclimbsmoothverticalsurfaceshasspurredinvestigationsintonewtypesofreusableadhesivesformedicalandindustrialapplications.Proponentsofbiomimicryarguethatitrepresentsashifttowardsmoreharmoniousandsustainableinnovation.Insteadoftryingtodominatenature,itinvolvescollaboratingwithit,seekinganswersthatareinherentlyenergy-efficient,non-toxic,andresilient.Aswefaceglobalchallengeslikeclimatechangeandresourcescarcity,lookingtonature'stime-testedblueprintsmaybekeytocreatingamoresustainablefuture.6.Whatisthecoreideabehindbiomimicry?A)Replacingnaturalecosystemswithhuman-madeones.B)Usingbiologicalorganismstoperformindustrialtasks.C)Imitatingnature'sdesignsandprocessestosolvehumanchallenges.D)Studyingextinctspeciestounderstandhistoricaladaptations.7.HowdidthekingfisherinspirethedesignoftheShinkansenbullettrain?A)Itsdivingspeedhelpedcalculatethetrain'smaximumvelocity.B)Itsnestingbehaviorsuggestednewpassengercompartmentlayouts.C)Theshapeofitsbeakhelpedsolveanoiseandaerodynamicsproblem.D)Itsfeatherstructureinspiredanewtypeofinsulationforthetrain.8.Whatisthe"lotuseffect"usedforinhumanapplications?A)Creatingwater-purificationsystems.B)Developingself-cleaningsurfacesandcoatings.C)Designingmoreefficientsolarpanels.D)Producingstrongerconstructionmaterials.9.Accordingtothepassage,whyisspidersilkofinteresttomedicalresearchers?A)Itcanbeusedasanaturalpainkiller.B)Itsstrengthandflexibilityhavepotentialformedicalimplantsandsutures.C)Ithasantibioticpropertiesthatpreventinfection.D)Itisareadilyavailableandcheapresource.10.Whatbroaderbenefitdoesbiomimicryofferaccordingtoitsproponents?A)Itmakesscientificresearchmoreprofitable.B)Itleadstoinnovationthatismoresustainableandinharmonywithnature.C)Itsimplifiestheprocessofobtainingpatentsfornewinventions.D)Itfocusesprimarilyonmakingtechnologicaldevicessmaller.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)(15%)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的传统艺术，已有数千年的历史。它不仅仅是书写汉字的方法，更是一种表达情感和审美观念的艺术形式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度、速度和方向，创造出具有美感和个性的字体。练习书法需要耐心、专注和多年的训练，它被认为是一种修身养性（cultivateone'scharacter）的方式。如今，书法不仅在中国受到珍视，也越来越多地受到世界各地人们的欣赏。PartIVWriting(30minutes)(15%)(Note:Thisisasecondwritingtask,butinastandardCET-4,PartIistheonlywritingsection.Thissimulatesapossiblealternativeorpracticestructure.ForatrueCET-4format,thissectionwouldnotappear.However,asperyourinitialrequestfora"fullset"andtoincludethe15%value,itisincludedhereasanextracompositiontask.)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Actionsspeaklouderthanwords."Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.---AnswerKeyPartIWritin