2026年高考考前预测卷-英语（上海卷02）（全解全析）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2026年高考考前预测卷（上海卷02）高三英语·全解全析注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。I.Grammar（每题1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheformersailorfightingtokeepcruiseshipsatbayFewpeopleknowtheseabetterthanFredericPicard.Hespent30yearsinthemerchantnavybeforebecomingacommercialcaptain,1(transport)touristsandcontainersacrosstheMediterraneanformorethantwodecades.Nowaged65,itiswithnosmallnoteofsadness2hesays,increasingly,itisthelandthatcallshim.“Tobehonest,Inolongerfeelthesameurge3(go)tosea,”hesaid.“Igohikingalotinthemountainswithmywife,andwe’vefoundanenvironment4ismuchmorepreserved.Themountainsarebeautifulwhereveryougo.”Picard’sbelovedsea5(destroy),hebelieves,bysomethinguncomfortablyclosetohome:cruiseships.Facedwiththisnewreality,Picardhasdecidedtobecomethesea’sprotector.ForPicard,theswitchfromboatcaptaintoprotector—atransformationthatrequiredhimtounlearnmuchof6hisdecadesatseahadtaught—hasbeenalongandoftenhumblingjourneyofself-education.Whenhestartedworkingonshipsheknewtheywere“machinesthatpollutealot”,butlittlemorethanthat,hesaid.Hebecameincreasinglyawareoftheimpact7parkingsuch“bigmonsters”inthemiddleofacity,andwhenhisfirstgrandchildwasbornhedecidedheneededtoact.Hehasregretsabouthisformercareerasacommercialsailor,which,8itgavehimdecadesofexperienceatsea,alsomadehimparticipateintheverypracticeshenowcriticizes;yethemakeseffortstosharehisknowledgeofthemaritimeworldwithasmanypeopleaspossible,9(drive)bythehopethatsuchawarenessmightproveusefultoothers.“Icertainlyfeelguilty,”hesaid.“It’sguiltfor10(involve)inthedestructionoflife.Butmaybethatistheenginethatmakesmeanactivistnow.【答案】1．transporting2．that3．togo4．which/that5．isbeingdestroyed6．what7．of8．though9．driven10．beinginvolved【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了前水手FredericPicard从海上从业者转变为海洋保护者的经历及原因。1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在成为商业船长之前，他在商船上工作了30年，20多年来一直在地中海运送游客和集装箱。本句已有谓语动词spent，所以空处需用非谓语动词；transport与其逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词transporting作伴随状语。故填transporting。2．考查强调句型。句意：现年65岁的他说，越来越让他感到悲伤的是，是陆地召唤着他。强调句型“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分”，本句强调的是状语withnosmallnoteofsadness，所以空处需用that。故填that。3．考查非谓语动词。句意：“说实话，我不再有同样的出海冲动了，”他说。urgetodosth.“做某事的冲动”，是固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填togo。4．考查定语从句。句意：“我和妻子经常在山里徒步旅行，我们发现了一个保存得更好的环境。无论你走到哪里，山都很美。”空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是environment，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。5．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：Picard认为，他心爱的大海正在被一种与自身密切相关的东西摧毁：游轮。根据句意和语境可知，此处表示大海正在被摧毁，所以空处谓语动词需用现在进行时的被动语态：bebeingdone，主语是sea，单数，所以be动词需用is。故填isbeingdestroyed。6．考查宾语从句。句意：对Picard来说，从船长到保护者的转变——这需要他忘记在海上几十年的大部分所学——是一段漫长而常常令人谦卑的自我教育之旅。空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句动词taught缺少宾语，指物，所以空处需用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。7．考查介词。句意：他越来越意识到把这样的“大怪物”停在城市中心的影响，当他的第一个孙子出生时，他决定需要采取行动。theimpactof“……的影响”，是固定搭配，所以空处需用介词of。故填of。8．考查连词。句意：他对自己以前的商业水手生涯感到遗憾，尽管这让他在海上有了几十年的经验，但也让他参与了他现在批评的做法；然而，他努力与尽可能多的人分享他对海洋世界的知识，希望这种意识对其他人有用。根据空前后句意可知，此处前后句之间是让步关系，所以空处需用连词though“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填though。9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。yet之后的句子已有谓语动词makes，所以空处需用非谓语动词；空处动词drive与其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词driven作状语。故填driven。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：“这当然是一种内疚感，”他说。“这是参与破坏生命的内疚感。但也许这就是让我现在成为一名活动家的动力。”介词for后需接动名词作宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“被卷入”，所以空处需用动名词的被动语态：beingdone。故填beinginvolved。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．energized

B．evolutionary

C．game

D．lasting

E.seekingF.out-survived

G.seeking

H.translates

I.trap

J.turning

K.yieldsWhyBeingSensitiveisaStrengthThereareplentyoftraitswetakeprideinbutbeing‘sensitive’isusuallyperceivedasaweakness.It’susedtomeanyou’refragile,thin-skinned,orjustoverreacting.Themessagesensitivepeoplegetisthattheyshould“overcome”theirsensitivityand“toughenup.”However,sensitivityislargely11.Sensitivepeoplearewiredatabrainleveltoprocessinformationmoredeeplythanothersdo,enablingthemtonoticewhatothersmiss,feelintensely,andhaveavividinnerlife.Suchdepth12gifts.Themostwell-knownsensitivegiftiscreativity.Many-perhapsmost-artists,musicians,andactorsarethemselvessensitivepeople.Butcreativitydoesn’tendwiththearts.Thesameability13toinnovation.Manyofourgreatestthinkersandscientiststhroughouthistoryhavebeensensitivepeople.Theytendtobedeepthinkerswhospendmoretimeandenergy14problemsoverintheirheads-andendupseeingmorepossibilitiesandsolutions.Asecondstrengthsensitivepeoplehaveistheirdecisionmakingability.Suchanabilitymaygivethema(n)15advantage.Ina2008computersimulationofnaturalselection,creatureswhospentmoreresourcesconsideringtheiroptionsandcomparingthemtopastresults,assensitivepeopledo,cameoutaheadlong-termcomparedtoless-sensitivecreatures.Theyamassedmoreresourcesovertimeand16others.Inthewilderness,thatmightmeantrackingdown17wheneveryoneishungry.Intheboardroom,itmeanssteeringcompaniestothetopoftheirindustry.Butperhapsthegreatestadvantageofsensitivepeopleiswhatwecallthe“BoostEffect.”The“BoostEffect”meansthatsensitivepeoplegetmoreofaboostfromthesamethingsthathelpanyone.Theyare18byanyformoftrainingorsupport.Ifyou’reasensitiveperson,youcanactivatethisabilitybycultivatingasupportiveenvironmentaroundyourselfandby19outresourcessuchasmentoring,training,therapy,orcoaching.Ifanyofthissoundslikeyou,youmightbemoresensitivethanyourealize.Ifso,youhaveprobablyfeltthepressuretohideit.Butthat’sa(n)20.Tryingtodosoonlycutsyouofffromyourgifts.Sostophiding.Embraceit,andshowittotheworld.【答案】11．D12．K13．H14．J15．B16．F17．C18．A19．G20．I【导语】本文是一篇议论文，短文从创造力、决策能力及“提升效应”等方面论证敏感性对个人发展的积极作用，鼓励敏感人群接纳自身特质。11．考查形容词。句意：然而，敏感性在很大程度上是持久的。“lasting”意思是“持久的；长期的”。分析句子，“is”为系动词，后接形容词作表语，后文阐述敏感人群所具备的特质和优势体现出敏感性并非短暂特性，“lasting”符合语境，用于描述敏感性的持续属性。故填D。12．考查动词。句意：这种深度带来天赋。“yields”意思是“产生；带来”。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，主语“Suchdepth”为单数第三人称，结合语境，表明深度与天赋之间的产生关系，“yields”符合语境，作为谓语动词表达深度带来天赋这一动作。故填K。13．考查动词。句意：同样的能力转化为创新。“translates”意思是“转化；转变”。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，主语“Thesameability”为单数第三人称，这里描述能力向创新的转变，“translates”符合语境，作谓语动词体现能力的转化动作。故填H。14．考查动词。句意：他们往往是深入的思考者，会花更多时间和精力在脑海中仔细思考问题，最终看到更多的可能性和解决方案。“turning”是“turn”的动名词形式，“turnover”意为“仔细考虑”。分析句子，“spend+时间/精力+(in)doingsth.”为固定句型，此处表示花费时间精力思考问题，“turning”符合语境，以动名词形式作“spend”的宾语。故填J。15．考查形容词。句意：这种能力可能会给他们带来进化上的优势。“evolutionary”意思是“进化的；演化的”。分析句子，“advantage”为名词，需用形容词修饰，后文提及“Ina2008computersimulationofnaturalselection”自然选择相关内容，说明此能力在进化层面具有优势，“evolutionary”符合语境，修饰“advantage”表明优势的性质。故填B。16．考查动词。句意：随着时间的推移，他们积累了更多的资源，并比其他生物更长久存在。“out-survived”是“out-survive”的过去式，意思是“比……活得长；比……更长久存在”。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，且前文时态为一般过去时，描述在自然选择模拟情境下敏感生物与其他生物的生存对比，“out-survived”符合语境，作谓语动词体现敏感生物在生存上的优势。故填F。17．考查名词。句意：在荒野中，这可能意味着在大家都饥饿的时候追踪到猎物。“game”在此处意为“猎物”。分析句子，“trackingdown”为动词短语，后接名词作宾语，结合“inthewilderness”和“hungry”的语境，“game”符合语境，作为追踪的对象。故填C。18．考查动词。句意：任何形式的培训或支持都能使他们充满活力。“energized”是“energize”的过去分词，意思是“使充满活力；激励”。分析句子，“are+过去分词”构成被动语态，表达敏感人群被培训或支持赋予活力，“energized”符合语境，体现被动的激励动作。故填A。19．考查动词。句意：如果你是一个敏感的人，你可以通过在自己周围营造一个支持性的环境，并寻找诸如指导、培训、治疗或辅导等资源来激活这种能力。“seeking”是“seek”的动名词形式，“seekout”意为“找出；找到”。分析句子，“by+动名词”结构表示方式，这里说明通过寻找资源来激活能力，“seeking”符合语境，以动名词形式作“by”的宾语。故填G。20．考查名词。句意：但那是一个陷阱。“trap”意思是“陷阱；困境”。分析句子，“a(n)+名词”结构，结合前文提及隐藏敏感特质以及后文阐述其不良后果，表明隐藏这一行为是陷入了不良境地，“trap”符合语境，作为对隐藏行为性质的描述。故填I。II.ReadingComprehension(21–35题，每题1分；36–50题，每题2分；共45分)SectionADirections:eachblankinthefollowingpassagemarkedB,CandD.ineachblankwiththeorphrasethatbestthecontext.Howtobemoreefficient:stop‘precrastinating’Whetherornotwecaretoadmitit,we’reallfamiliarwithprocrastination:waitinguntilthelastminutetocatchupwithpressingtasks,oftenleadingtosubpar(低于标准的)orincompletework.Theantidote—whileeasiersaidthandone—issimplytostartonyourassignmentssooner,longbeforethecut-offtime.Butinyourquestto21procrastination,isitpossibletogotoofar?DavidRosenbaum,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,certainlythinkso.Hisresearchfocusesontheperilsof“precrastination”,the22torushtooquicklyintotasks.Itcan23anexpenditureofunnecessaryeffortthatcouldbeavoidedwithabitofplanning—inotherwords,hastemakeswaste.24aprocrastinator,whomightleaveaninboxfullofemailsuntoucheduntilthenextday,aprecrastinatorwouldreadandrespondtoeachofthemfirstthinginthemorning.25theyknowmostoftheemailsareunimportant,theywouldchoosetoclearthemoffassoonaspossible.Insomecases,thiscanmeandrainingthepreciousenergytheymightneedforamore26tasklateron.Sowhydopeopleprecrastinate?Rosenbaumsaysthatformost,it’stoughto27reachingforlow-hangingfruit.Ifsomethingisimmediately28toyou,you’reinstinctivelywiredtogoforit.Thinkaboutthesweetattractionoffreefoodsamplesatthemarket.29,whenyoucompletesimpleshort-termtasks,youhaveonefewerthingtothinkabout—“Icanwrapthisupinfiveminutes.Whynottakecareofitnow?”Personality30suchasconscientiousness,eagernesstopleaseandhighenergycanpredictprecrastinationbehaviors,Rosenbaumsays,buttheevolutionaryimpulsebehindthemisuniversal.Thereal31ofprecrastinationcomeswhen,inyourrushtofinish,youencounterthenaturallyhigherchanceofdoingyourworkincompletelyorinaccurately.Inthecaseofemails,sometimeswaitingto32canshowrespectforcarefulthoughtoverexpediency,especiallyifthecontentofthemessageisemotional.Ofcourse,precrastinationisnotwithoutits33,butit’scriticaltodosoonlywhenitmakessense.Chronicprecrastinatorsmustalsorealizethatit’sOKto34trivialthings,becausetheywillnotrequirehugementalenergylaterintheday,Rosenbaumsays.Hearguesthatthemanagersoftodaywouldbewisetoacknowledgethatit’snotalwaysbesttodoeverythingasquicklyaspossible.“Itshouldbeagreedinoursocietythatit’sokaytosmelltheflowers,”hesays.“Tobe35,mindfulandtobeallowedtoslowdown.”21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity23．A．risefrom B．resultfrom C．resultin D．endwith24．A．Withregardsto B．Intermsof C．Inresponseto D．Asopposedto25．A．Onlyif B．Evenif C．Asif D．Whatif26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements34．A．takeon B．setaside C．putforward D．breakdown35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive【答案】21．A22．B23．C24．D25．B26．D27．D28．B29．C30．A31．B32．A33．C34．B35．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“提前拖延症”这一现象，分析其定义、表现、成因、弊端及合理应对方式，区分其与普通拖延症的不同。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在你努力克服拖延症的过程中，有可能做得太过火吗？A.beat克服，击败；B.enhance增强；C.adapt适应；D.reveal揭示。根据前文“Theantidote—whileeasiersaidthandone—issimplytostartonyourassignmentssooner,longbeforethecut-offtime.”可知，此处指努力克服拖延症。故选A。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的研究重点是“提前拖延症”的危害，即过于仓促地投入任务的倾向。A.feasibility可行性；B.tendency倾向，趋势；C.possibility可能性；D.activity活动。根据前文“precrastination”的定义，结合空后“torushtooquicklyintotasks”可知，此处指的是一种行为倾向。故选B。23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它会导致不必要的精力消耗，而稍微计划一下就可以避免——换句话说，欲速则不达。A.risefrom由……引起；B.resultfrom由……导致；C.resultin导致，引起；D.endwith以……结束。根据空后“anexpenditureofunnecessaryeffortthatcouldbeavoidedwithabitofplanning”可知，此处指提前拖延症会导致这种后果。故选C。24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：与拖延者不同，拖延者可能会把收件箱里满满的邮件留到第二天再处理，而提前拖延者会在早上第一件事就阅读并回复每一封邮件。A.Withregardsto关于；B.Intermsof就……而言；C.Inresponseto作为对……的回应；D.Asopposedto与……相反，相对于。根据后文对“procrastinator”和“precrastinator”行为的对比可知，此处指与拖延者相反。故选D。25．考查连词短语辨析。句意：即使他们知道大多数邮件都不重要，他们也会选择尽快处理掉。A.Onlyif只有；B.Evenif即使，尽管；C.Asif好像；D.Whatif要是……会怎样。根据空前后“theyknowmostoftheemailsareunimportant”和“theywouldchoosetoclearthemoffassoonaspossible”可知，此处存在转折让步关系。故选B。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，这可能意味着耗尽他们之后可能需要用于更紧急任务的宝贵精力。A.common普通的；B.minor次要的；C.special特殊的；D.urgent紧急的。根据前文“clearthemoffassoonaspossible”可知，此处指这些精力本可以用于更紧急的任务，urgent符合语境，与前文unimportant形成对比。故选D。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，对大多数人来说，很难抗拒唾手可得的成果。A.overcome克服；B.realize意识到；C.sense感觉到；D.resist抵抗，抗拒。根据后文“Ifsomethingisimmediately____toyou,you’reinstinctivelywiredtogoforit.”可知，此处指人们很难抗拒容易得到的东西。故选D。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果某样东西立刻对你可用，你会本能地去争取它。A.desirable令人向往的；B.available可获得的，可用的；C.approachable可接近的；D.agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“Thinkaboutthesweetattractionoffreefoodsamplesatthemarket.”可知，免费食物样品是可获得的，此处指容易得到的东西会吸引人。故选B。29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样地，当你完成简单的短期任务时，你需要考虑的事情就少了一件——“我可以在五分钟内完成这件事。为什么不现在就处理呢？”A.Especially尤其；B.Fairly相当；C.Similarly同样地；D.Arguably可以说。前文“Ifsomethingisimmediately____toyou,you’reinstinctivelywiredtogoforit.”和后文“whenyoucompletesimpleshort-termtasks,youhaveonefewerthingtothinkabout”逻辑一致，是同样道理。故选C。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，诸如责任心、渴望取悦他人和精力充沛等人格特质可以预测提前拖延行为，但它们背后的进化冲动是普遍存在的。A.traits特质，特征；B.drawbacks缺点；C.themes主题；D.strengths优势。根据空后“suchasconscientiousness,eagernesstopleaseandhighenergy”可知，这些都是人的人格特质。故选A。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：提前拖延症真正的弊端在于，当你急于完成任务时，你自然会有更高的几率把工作做得不完整或不准确。A.upside优势，好处；B.downside弊端，缺点；C.feature特征；D.value价值。根据空后“doingyourworkincompletelyorinaccurately”可知，这是提前拖延症的弊端。故选B。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以邮件为例，有时候等待回复可以体现出重视深思熟虑而非急于求成，尤其是当邮件内容涉及情感时。A.respond回应，回复；B.read阅读；C.reflect反思；D.edit编辑。根据前文“aprecrastinatorwouldreadandrespondtoeachofthemfirstthinginthemorning”可知，此处指与提前回复相反——等待回复。故选A。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，提前拖延症并非没有好处，但关键是只有在合理的时候才这样做。A.shortcomings缺点；B.interests兴趣；C.benefits好处，益处；D.improvements改进。根据后文“butit’scriticaltodosoonlywhenitmakessense”可知，此处存在转折，指提前拖延症也有好处。故选C。34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，长期的提前拖延者也必须意识到，把琐碎的事情放在一边是可以的，因为它们在当天晚些时候不会需要太多的脑力。A.takeon承担；B.setaside搁置，留出；C.putforward提出；D.breakdown分解，崩溃。根据后文“becausetheywillnotrequirehugementalenergylaterintheday”可知，此处指可以搁置琐碎的事情。故选B。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在我们的社会中，应该达成共识，停下来闻闻花香是可以的。放慢脚步，保持从容和专注。”A.intentional故意的；B.imaginative富有想象力的；C.deliberate从容的，深思熟虑的；D.impulsive冲动的。根据前文“it’snotalwaysbesttodoeverythingasquicklyaspossible”和“smelltheflowers”可知，此处指从容地放慢脚步。故选C。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)LastSundaymorning,Iwassittingonthesofainmyparent’slivingroom.Beforemeontheteatablewasawornjournalofthinanddiscoloredpages.Itwasmygrandfather’sjournalandnowbelongstomyfather.Mygrandfatherhadpassedawayinthemonthsleadinguptomybirth.Inevergottovisittheplaceshehadfrequentedandthepeoplewhohadbeenapartofhislife’sjourney.Iwasnowabouttoenterhisworld,throughthewordshehadleftbehind.Withinminutes,Iwascaptivatedbythepowerofthewrittenwords.Inthemagicalscriptbeforeme,Iwastransportedtoanotheragewhenfoodwasaneverydayart,planned,preparedandenjoyedinthecompanyofothers,andatimewhenpeoplehadthehearttopausetheirownlivestoembraceeachother’sstruggles.Allthiswasconveyedtomeinthebeautyofthewordsthatflowedtogethertoconnectwiththewriter’smindandunderstandtheworldtheylivedin.Thiskindofwritingseemstobelostonustoday.Wehavegottenusedtowritinginbite-sizedpiecesforapubliclookingforentertainment,andhungryforinformation.Nowonder,therearenearly200millionbloggersontheInternetandanewblogiscreatedsomewhereintheworldeveryhalfasecond.Insteadofaddingtoourcollectivewisdom,mostofthesewritingsreflectthesuperficiality(肤浅)andimpatienceofourdayandage.Thisnotonlyrobsusoftheskillofwritingimpressiveessays,italsopreventsusfromexploringwhatisindeedimportant.Writinghumblesusinawaythatisvitalforourcharactergrowth,byremindingusaboutthelimitsoftheselfandourappropriateplaceinthevastflowoflife.Writingfreesusbyhelpingusexploretheunknownsothatwereallyopenuptothemagicoftheworldaroundus.Isawallofthisinthewritingofmygrandfather.AndI’veseenitagainandagaininthewritingsofthegreatestthinkersofhumanity.Theirwritingreflectsdeepthoughtonissuesofhumanimportance.36．Accordingtotheauthor,whatisacharacteristicoftheagedescribedinhisgrandfather’sjournal?A．Mutualsupport. B．Artisticfood.C．Populardiaries. D．Publicentertainment.37．Whatistheprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraph?A．Togiveinternetstatistics. B．Toblamethepublic’stastes.C．Topromotetraditionalmedia. D．Tocontrastpastandpresentwriting.38．Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Writingskillsensuresuccess. B．Writingdocumentsexternalreality.C．Onlygreatthinkers’worksarevaluable. D．Writingshapescharacterandperspective.39．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardshisgrandfather’swriting?A．Criticalanddismissive. B．Admiringandrespectful.C．Indifferentandneutral. D．Confusedanduncertain.【答案】36．A37．D38．D39．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过阅读祖父遗留的日记，追忆过去时代文字的力量，对比当今碎片化写作的浅薄，阐述了写作对塑造品格、拓展认知的重要意义。36．细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthemagicalscriptbeforeme,Iwastransportedtoanotheragewhenfoodwasaneverydayart,planned,preparedandenjoyedinthecompanyofothers,andatimewhenpeoplehadthehearttopausetheirownlivestoembraceeachother’sstruggles.(在眼前这充满魔力的文字中，我被带到了另一个时代，那时食物是一门日常的艺术，人们会一同计划、准备并享用食物；那也是一个人们愿意停下自己的生活，去拥抱彼此困境的时代。)”可知，祖父日记中描述的时代，人们之间会相互扶持、彼此支持。故选A。37．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thiskindofwritingseemstobelostonustoday.Wehavegottenusedtowritinginbite-sizedpiecesforapubliclookingforentertainment,andhungryforinformation.(这种写作如今似乎已不被我们所理解了。我们已经习惯了为寻求娱乐、渴求信息的公众撰写碎片化的内容。)”以及“Insteadofaddingtoourcollectivewisdom,mostofthesewritingsreflectthesuperficiality(肤浅)andimpatienceofourdayandage.(这些作品中的大多数非但没有丰富我们的集体智慧，反而反映了我们这个时代的肤浅与急躁。)”可知，本段通过将过去富有深度与温度的文字和当下浅薄、急躁的碎片化写作进行鲜明对比，引出后文对写作意义的探讨。因此，该段的主要目的是对比过去与现在的写作风格。故选D。38．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Writinghumblesusinawaythatisvitalforourcharactergrowth,byremindingusaboutthelimitsoftheselfandourappropriateplaceinthevastflowoflife.(写作以一种对我们品格成长至关重要的方式让我们谦卑，提醒我们自我的局限以及我们在浩瀚生命洪流中应有的位置。)”以及倒数第一段“Writingfreesusbyhelpingusexploretheunknownsothatwereallyopenuptothemagicoftheworldaroundus.(写作通过帮助我们探索未知来解放我们，让我们真正敞开心扉，感受周围世界的魔力。)”可知，作者核心表达了写作对个人品格塑造与认知拓展的重要作用。故选D。39．推理判断题。根据第二段“Iwascaptivatedbythepowerofthewrittenwords.(我被文字的力量深深吸引。)”、“Allthiswasconveyedtomeinthebeautyofthewordsthatflowedtogethertoconnectwiththewriter’smindandunderstandtheworldtheylivedin.(所有这一切都通过优美流畅的文字传递给我，让我与作者的思想相连，理解他们所生活的世界。)”以及最后一段“Isawallofthisinthewritingofmygrandfather.AndI’veseenitagainandagaininthewritingsofthegreatestthinkersofhumanity.Theirwritingreflectsdeepthoughtonissuesofhumanimportance.(我在祖父的文字中看到了这一切。我也在人类最伟大思想家的著作中一次又一次地看到了这一点。他们的作品体现了对关乎人类核心重要性问题的深刻思考。)”可知，作者对祖父的文字充满欣赏与敬意。故选B。(B)TheMotivatedSequence(序列)ofPublicSpeechThemotivatedsequencegetsitsnamepartlybecauseitfollowsJohnDewey’sproblem-solutionmodelforthinkingandpartlybecauseitmakesattractiveanalysesoftheseproblemsandtheirsolutionsbytyingthemtohumanmotives.Thatis,themotivatedsequenceisbothproblem-drivenandmotivation-centeredTherearefivebasicstepsinthemotivatedsequence:1.Youmustgetpeopletoattendtosomeproblem,ortofeeldiscomfortstronglyenoughtowanttohearmore.2.Youcancreatemorespecificwantsordesires,apersonalsenseofneed.3.Whenwantsorneedsarecreated,youcanattempttosatisfythembyshowingwhatcanbedonetosolvetheproblemorrelievethesenseofdiscomfort.4.Simplydescribingacourseofactionmaynotbeenough,sointhefourthplaceyoucanvisualizetheworldasitwouldlookiftheactionswerecarriedout,andwhatitmightbelikeiftheywerenot.5.Withthat,ifyouhavedonethesefourtaskswell,audiencemembersshouldbereadytoact-toputintopracticetheproposedsolutiontotheirproblems.Themotivatedsequencecanbeusedtostructuremanydifferentsortsofspeeches.Itcouldbeused,forexample,inaspeechurgingyourclassmatestojoinablooddonors’association.Or,youcoulduseittosellafriendinsurance.Youcanalsouseittotalkaboutsocialproblems,suchastheenvironmentandtheeconomy.FivestepsAudienceresponse1AttentionGettingattentionIwanttolisten.2NeedShowingtheneed:describingthesolutionSomethingneedstobedone.3SatisfactionSatisfyingtheneed:presentingthesolutionThisiswhattodotosatisfytheneed4VisualizationVisualizingtheresults?5ActionRequestingactionorapprovalIwilldothis.40．Whatisthepossibleresponsefromtheaudienceinstep4?A．Icanimaginehowthiswillbenefitme.B．Iunderstandwhythisisnecessary.C．Iknowexactlywhattodonext.D．Iamreadytotakeactionnow.41．Howdoesthepassagesuggestthemotivatedsequenceconnectstohumanmotives?A．Byanalyzingpsychologicaltheoriesofmotivation.B．Bycombiningproblem-solvingwithhumandesires.C．Byemphasizingtheimportanceofemotionallanguage.D．Byprovidingstatisticalevidenceofaudiencebehavior.42．XiaoWangistryingtopersuadehisclassmatestojoinablooddonors’association.Helphimdraftaspeechbyputtingthefollowingfivesentencesintherightorderbasedonthemotivatedsequence.(1)Withthesteadysupplyofblood,emergencieswillbemetwithtimelytreatment.(2)Youcanhelpbyfillingouttheblooddonors’cardsIampassingout.(3)Ourareaisshortofbloodofalltypestomeetemergencyneeds.(4)Amandiedlastnightinatrafficaccidentbecausehelosttoomuchblood.(5)Ablooddonors’associationguaranteesapredictable,steadysupplyofbloodtothemedicalcommunity.A．1–2–3–4–5 B．4–1–5–3–2C．4–3–5–1–2 D．3–4–5–1–2【答案】40．A41．B42．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公共演讲中的“激励序列”结构，阐述了其五个步骤的内涵、适用场景以及各步骤对应的听众反应。40．细节理解题。根据Therearefivebasicstepsinthemotivatedsequence:下列第4条“Simplydescribingacourseofactionmaynotbeenough,sointhefourthplaceyoucanvisualizetheworldasitwouldlookiftheactionswerecarriedout,andwhatitmightbelikeiftheywerenot.(仅仅描述行动过程可能不够，因此在第四步，你可以让听众想象如果采取行动世界会是什么样子，如果不采取行动又会是什么样子。)”可知，第四步是让听众进行想象，预见行动带来的结果。故选A。41．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“ThemotivatedsequencegetsitsnamepartlybecauseitfollowsJohnDewey’sproblem-solutionmodelforthinkingandpartlybecauseitmakesattractiveanalysesoftheseproblemsandtheirsolutionsbytyingthemtohumanmotives.(激励序列之所以得名，部分原因是它遵循杜威的问题解决思维模式，部分原因是它将这些问题及其解决方案与人类动机联系起来，从而对其进行有吸引力的分析。)”可知，激励序列通过将问题解决与人类需求、动机相结合来与人类动机建立联系。故选B。42．推理判断题。根据激励序列的五个步骤：Attention（引起注意）→Need（揭示需求）→Satisfaction（提出方案）→Visualization（展望结果）→Action（呼吁行动）进行排序。(4)Amandiedlastnightinatrafficaccidentbecausehelosttoomuchblood.(昨晚一名男子死于交通事故，因为他失血过多。)用事例引起注意，对应第一步Attention。(3)Ourareaisshortofbloodofalltypestomeetemergencyneeds.(我们地区缺乏各种类型的血液来满足紧急需求。)指出缺血的问题，揭示需求，对应第二步Need。(5)Ablooddonors’associationguaranteesapredictable,steadysupplyofbloodtothemedicalcommunity.(献血者协会保证向医学界提供可预测、稳定的血液供应。)提出成立献血者协会的解决方案，对应第三步Satisfaction。(1)Withthesteadysupplyofblood,emergencieswillbemetwithtimelytreatment.(随着血液供应的稳定，紧急情况将得到及时治疗。)展望方案实施后的良好结果，对应第四步Visualization。(2)Youcanhelpbyfillingouttheblooddonors’cardsIampassingout.(你可以帮我填写我分发的献血卡。)呼吁大家填写表格、采取行动，对应第五步Action。因此正确顺序为4–3–5–1–2，故选C。(C)Astheglobalpopulationgrows,thepressuretoproducenutritiousfoodmoreefficientlycontinuestoincrease.Atthesametime,foodmanufacturinggenerateslargeamountsofleftovermaterialthatoftengoesunused.ScientistsreportingintheAmericanChemicalSociety’sJournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistryinvestigatedwhetherwastefromcarrotprocessingcouldserveanewpurpose.Previousresearchhasshownthatfungi(菌类)cangrowonfoodindustryleftovers.Buildingonthiswork,MartinGand,theauthorofthestudy,andhiscolleaguessetouttorecovernutrientsfromcarrotsidestreamsandreusethemasagrowingmediumforfungi.Insteadofharvestingmushroomcaps,theteamfocusedonfungalmycelia(菌丝).Theseroot-likestructuresgrowfasterandtakeuplessspace,whilestillproducingnutrientsthatarebeneficialtohumandiets.Toidentifythemostpromisingoption,theresearcherstested106differentfungalstrainsgrownonsidestreamsfromorangeandblackcarrotsusedinnaturalcolorproduction.Eachstrainwasevaluatedforgrowthperformanceandproteinoutput.Onefungusemergedasthetopcandidate:Pleurotusdjamor(红平菇).Afterselectingthisspecies,theresearchersadjustedgrowthconditionstoincreaseproteinyield.Theresultingproteinshowedbiologicalvaluessimilartothoseofanimalandplantproteins,meaningitcouldbeefficientlyusedbythehumanbody.ThePleurotusdjamormyceliawerealsolowinfatandcontainedfiberlevelscomparabletootherediblefungi.Thefindingssuggestthatfungalmyceliacouldserveasasustainableandappealingproteinsource.Theprocessmakesuseoffoodproductionmaterialsthatwouldotherwisebediscarded,withoutrequiringadditionalfarmland,andoffersnutritionalbenefitssimilartoexistingplant-basedproteins.Usingsidestreamsasagrowingmediumformyceliumproductionreducesenvironmentalimpactwhileaddingvalueandsupportsfoodsecuritybyen