英语四级试题2015

英语四级试题2015

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthencommentonparents'roleintheirchildren'sgrowth.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TheRiseoftheSharingEconomyTheconceptofsharingisnotnew.However,theadventoftheInternetandmobiletechnologyhasgivenbirthtoapowerfulneweconomicmodel:thesharingeconomy.Alsoknownascollaborativeconsumption,itisasocio-economicsystembuiltaroundthesharingofhumanandphysicalresources.Itincludesthesharedcreation,production,distribution,tradeandconsumptionofgoodsandservicesbydifferentpeopleandorganizations.Atitscore,thesharingeconomyleveragesinformationtechnologytoempowerindividuals,corporations,non-profitsandgovernmentwithinformationthatenablesdistribution,sharingandreuseofexcesscapacityingoodsandservices.Acommonexampleisacarsharingservice.Insteadofowningacar,individualscanrentcarsfromothersforshortperiods.Thismodelisfacilitatedbyonlineplatformsthatconnectcarownerswithpeoplewhoneedaride.Thebenefitsaremultifaceted.Forconsumers,itoffersaccesstogoodsandservicesatalowercostandgreaterconvenience.Itcanalsoprovideasourceofincomeforindividualsrentingouttheirunderutilizedassets,likeaspareroomorapowerdrill.Proponentsarguethatitpromotesamoreefficientuseofresources,reducingwasteandenvironmentalimpact.Itfostersasenseofcommunityandtrustamongstrangersthroughratingandreviewsystems.However,thesharingeconomyfacessignificantchallengesandcriticisms.Regulatoryissuesareattheforefront.Traditionalindustries,suchashotelsandtaxis,arguethatsharingeconomyplatformscreateunfaircompetitionbecausetheyoftendon'tadheretothesameregulations,licensingfees,ortaxes.Therearealsoconcernsaboutsafety,insurance,andliabilityforbothprovidersandusers.Theclassificationofworkers(asindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees)incompanieslikeUberhassparkeddebatesaboutjobsecurity,benefits,andlaborrights.Despitethesehurdles,thesharingeconomycontinuestogrowrapidly,transforminghowwethinkaboutownership,work,andcommunityinteraction.Itsfuturewilllikelybeshapedbyevolvingregulations,technologicaladvancements,andchangingconsumerattitudes.1.Whatistheprimaryfactorthathasenabledthemodernsharingeconomy?A)Governmentpolicies.B)Newfinancialregulations.C)TheInternetandmobiletechnology.D)Environmentalawareness.2.Whatisanothernameforthesharingeconomymentionedinthepassage?A)Circulareconomy.B)Consumereconomy.C)Collaborativeconsumption.D)Serviceeconomy.3.Howdoesthesharingeconomyprimarilyfunction?A)Throughgovernment-ownedplatforms.B)Byleveraginginformationtechnology.C)Viatraditionalretailnetworks.D)Throughnon-profitorganizationsonly.4.Whatisacitedbenefitforconsumersinthesharingeconomy?A)Higherqualityofallproducts.B)Guaranteedpermanentownership.C)Lowercostandgreaterconvenience.D)Lessinteractionwithothers.5.Whatcanindividualsdowiththeirunderutilizedassetsinthiseconomy?A)Donatethemtocharity.B)Earnincomebyrentingthemout.C)Exchangethemforotherassetsdirectly.D)Sellthemtocorporations.6.Whatisamajorcriticismfromtraditionalindustrieslikehotelsandtaxis?A)Theyaretooexpensive.B)Theylackinnovation.C)Theycreateunfaircompetition.D)Theyarenotpopularenough.7.WhatissueisrelatedtotheclassificationofworkersincompanieslikeUber?A)Productqualitycontrol.B)Debatesaboutjobsecurityandbenefits.C)Environmentalregulations.D)Internationaltradeagreements.8.Thesharingeconomyisbuiltaroundthesharingof________________resources.9.Onlineplatformshelptoconnectcarownerswithpeoplewhoneed________________.10.Thefutureofthesharingeconomywillbeinfluencedbyregulations,technology,andchanging________________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(Omitted)(Note:Asperinstructions,theListeningComprehensionsectionisomitted.)PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thehumanbrainisaremarkablyadaptableorgan.Thisability,knownasneuroplasticity,meansthatourneuralnetworksarenotfixedbutcanreorganizethemselvesinresponsetonewexperiences,learning,andinjury.Foralongtime,scientistsbelievedthatthebrain'sstructurewaslargely__11__afteracriticalperiodinchildhood.However,recentresearchhas__12__thisviewdramatically.Studiesnowshowthattheadultbrainretainsasignificantcapacityforchange.Learninganewlanguageoramusicalinstrument,forinstance,can__13__thebrain'sstructureandfunction.Evensomethingassimpleasregularlynavigatinganewroutetoworkcanstrengthenspecificneural__14__.Thisplasticityisthefoundationforrecoveryfrombraininjuries;unaffectedregionscansometimestakeoverthefunctionsofdamagedareasthrough__15__andpractice.Theimplicationsareprofound.Itsuggeststhatwehavemore__16__overourcognitivehealththanpreviouslythought.Engaginginmentallystimulatingactivities,maintainingsocialconnections,andregularphysicalexerciseareallbelievedto__17__neuroplasticitypositively.Thisunderstandingalsooffershopefortreatingconditionslikestroke,depression,andlearningdisabilitiesthroughtargetedtherapiesdesignedto__18__beneficialneuralchanges.Conversely,negativeexperiencescanalsoshapethebrain.Chronicstress,forexample,can__19__neuralpathwaysassociatedwithfearandanxiety.Therefore,fosteringahealthyenvironmentiscrucialforbraindevelopmentandmaintenanceatanyage.Theoldadage"Youcan'tteachanolddognewtricks"hasbeen__20__bythescienceofneuroplasticity,whichassuresusthatourbrainsarecapableoflearningandchangingthroughoutourlives.A)controlB)dismissedC)pathwaysD)alterE)promoteF)flexibleG)staticH)intensiveI)challengedJ)harnessK)connectionsL)replacedM)influenceN)reshapeO)patienceSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inaneraofconstantconnectivity,theconceptof"digitaldetox"—voluntarilyrefrainingfromusingelectronicdevicessuchassmartphonesandcomputers—hasgainedpopularity.Proponentsarguethatitreducesstress,improvessleep,andenhancesreal-worldsocialinteractions.AstudyfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundthatlimitingsocialmediauseto30minutesperdayresultedinsignificantreductionsinlonelinessanddepression.Critics,however,questionthenecessityandeffectivenessofsuchdrasticmeasures.Theypointoutthattechnologyisdeeplywovenintomodernwork,education,andsociallife.Completelydisconnectingmaynotbepracticalorevendesirableformany.Instead,theyadvocatefordevelopingahealthier,moremindfulrelationshipwithtechnology.Thisincludessettingboundaries,suchasnodevicesduringmealsorbeforebedtime,andbeingintentionalaboutonlineactivities.Thedebatehighlightsabroaderculturalanxietyaboutourdependenceontechnology.Whileperiodicbreakscanbebeneficial,thegoalshouldnotbetovillainizetechnologybuttoachievebalance.Learningtousetechnologyasatoolthatservesus,ratherthanallowingittodictateourattentionandtime,isthekeytodigitalwell-being.Ultimately,whetheronechoosesafulldetoxormindfulmoderation,theaimistoregainasenseofcontroloverone'sdigitallife.21.Whatisa"digitaldetox"accordingtothepassage?A)Amedicaltreatmentforinternetaddiction.B)Avoluntarybreakfromusingelectronicdevices.C)Asoftwarethatlimitsscreentime.D)Atrendindesigningminimalistgadgets.22.WhatdidtheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudyfind?A)Socialmediahasnoimpactonmentalhealth.B)Limitingsocialmediausereducedlonelinessanddepression.C)Moresocialmediauseleadstobettersocialskills.D)30minutesofsocialmediauseperdayisnotenough.23.Whatisthemainargumentofcriticsagainstdigitaldetox?A)Itistooexpensivetoimplement.B)Itisimpracticalduetotechnology'sdeepintegrationintolife.C)Itcausesmorestressthanitreduces.D)Itisonlysuitableforteenagers.24.Whatdocriticsrecommendasanalternative?A)Abandoningallsocialmediaplatforms.B)Developingamindfulandbalancedrelationshipwithtechnology.C)Usingonlyolderformsoftechnologylikelandlinephones.D)Delegatingallonlinetaskstoothers.25.Whatisdescribedasthekeytodigitalwell-being?A)Usingthelatesttechnology.B)Lettingtechnologyguideourschedules.C)Usingtechnologyasaservantratherthanamaster.D)Avoidingtechnologycompletelyonweekends.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumblebee,oftenoverlooked,playsaroleinglobalfoodproductionthatisnothingshortofcritical.Asaprimarypollinatorforavastarrayofcrops,includingfruits,vegetables,andnuts,beescontributedirectlytoone-thirdofthefoodweconsume.Theeconomicvalueofthispollinationserviceisestimatedinthehundredsofbillionsofdollarsannually.However,beepopulationsworldwidearefacingseverethreats,aphenomenonoftenreferredtoasColonyCollapseDisorder(CCD).Factorsimplicatedincludehabitatlossduetourbanizationandagriculture,pesticideexposure,diseases,parasitesliketheVarroamite,andclimatechangeaffectingfloweringpatterns.Thedeclineisalarmingbecauseitjeopardizesagriculturalproductivityandecosystembiodiversity.Addressingthisissuerequiresconcertedeffort.Onanindividuallevel,plantingbee-friendlyflowers,avoidingpesticidesingardens,andsupportinglocalbeekeeperscanhelp.Onalargerscale,policychangesareneededtopromotesustainableagriculture,protectwildhabitats,andfundresearchintobeehealth.Somefarmersareadopting"pollinator-friendly"practices,suchasleavingstripsofwildflowersaroundfields.Thefateofthebeesisintertwinedwithourown.Theirdeclineservesasastarkwarningaboutthefragilityofthenaturalsystemsuponwhichhumanprosperitydepends.Protectingbeesisnotjustanenvironmentalcause;itisanessentialinvestmentinfoodsecurityandasustainablefuture.26.Whatproportionofourfoodreliesonbeepollinationaccordingtothepassage?A)One-tenth.B)One-quarter.C)One-third.D)One-half.27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasathreattobeepopulations?A)Habitatloss.B)Pesticideexposure.C)Airpollutionfromcars.D)Diseasesandparasites.28.Whatdoestheterm"ColonyCollapseDisorder(CCD)"referto?A)Anewmethodofbeekeeping.B)Thephenomenonofseverebeepopulationdecline.C)Atypeofhoneyproducedbybees.D)Adiseasethatonlyaffectswildbees.29.Whatissuggestedasanindividualactiontohelpbees?A)Fundinglarge-scaleresearchprojects.B)Plantingbee-friendlyflowers.C)Changingnationalagriculturalpolicies.D)Becomingacommercialbeekeeper.30.Whatisthemainmessageofthepassage?A)Beesareinterestinginsectstostudy.B)Protectingbeesiscrucialforfoodsecurityandtheenvironment.C)Honeyproductionisaprofitableindustry.D)Allbeespeciesareendangered.PartVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。它不仅是交流的工具，也是表达情感和审美（aesthetic）观念的方式。练习书法需要集中精神、耐心和持之以恒的训练。书法作品的价值不仅在于其文字内容，更在于其笔触的力度、节奏以及整体的布局。几千年来，书法在中国文化中一直占据着非常重要的地位，对周边国家的艺术也产生了深远的影响。---AnswerKeyPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.C)TheInternetandmobiletechnology.2.C)Collaborativeconsumption.3.B)Byleveraginginformationtechnology.4.C)Lowercostandgreaterconvenience.5.B)Earnincomebyrentingthemout.6.C)Theycreateunfaircompetition.7.B)Debatesaboutjobsecurityandbenefits.8.humanandphysical9.aride10.consumerattitudesPartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA11.G)static12.I)challenged13.D)alter(orN)reshape-Note:'alter'ischosenasitfitstheblank'sgrammarandmeaningprecisely.'Reshape'couldalsofitcontextuallybut'alter'ismorecommonforstructure/function.(Forasinglecorrectsetbasedoncommonu