英语四级选词试题

英语四级选词试题

PartIReadingComprehension(40points)SectionA(20points)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologyhasprofoundlychangedthewayweliveandwork.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsisonthejobmarket.Manytraditionaljobsaredisappearingduetoautomationandartificialintelligence.Forinstance,tasksonceperformedbybanktellers,factoryworkers,andevensomedataanalystsarenowbeing______(1)bymachinesorsoftware.Thistrend,oftenreferredtoas"technologicalunemployment,"createsanxietyanduncertaintyformanyworkers.However,historysuggeststhattechnologicalrevolutionsalso______(2)newopportunities.Whilesomejobsbecomeobsolete,othersarecreated.Thekeyforindividualsandsocietiesistoadapt.Thisrequiresashiftinhowwethinkabouteducationandskills.Lifelonglearningisnolongeraluxurybuta______(3).Workersmustbepreparedtocontinuouslyupdatetheirskillstostayrelevantina______(4)labormarket.Educationalinstitutionsarefacingpressuretoreformtheircurriculatobetter______(5)studentsforthefuture.Thereisagrowingemphasisonso-called"21st-centuryskills"suchascriticalthinking,creativity,andemotionalintelligence—areaswherehumansstillhaveaclear______(6)overmachines.Furthermore,theriseofthegigeconomyandremoteworkoffersnew______(7)forflexibilityandentrepreneurship,allowingpeopletodesigncareersthatarenot______(8)toasingleemployerorlocation.Governmentsalsohavearoletoplay.Theycanimplementpoliciesthatsupportworkersduringtransitions,suchasprovidingretrainingprogramsandstrengtheningsocialsafetynets.Thegoalshouldnotbeto______(9)technologicalprogress,buttomanageitsconsequencesinawaythatbenefitsthemajority.Byfosteringanenvironmentthatencouragesinnovationwhileprotectingvulnerableworkers,wecan______(10)afuturewheretechnologyaugmentshumanpotentialratherthanreplacesit.WordBank:A)advantageB)necessityC)dynamicD)hinderE)boundF)executeG)generateH)prepareI)secureJ)performedK)resistL)rigidM)opportunitiesN)predictO)strictly---SectionB(20points)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.TheHiddenCostofCheapFashion[A]Theallureoffastfashionisundeniable.Trendyclothesatincrediblylowpricesallowconsumerstorefreshtheirwardrobesfrequentlywithoutbreakingthebank.BrandslikeZara,H&M,andSheinhavebuiltempiresonthismodel,churningoutnewdesignsatabreakneckpaceinspiredbythelatestrunwayshowsorsocialmediatrends.However,thetruecostoftheseaffordablegarmentsisoftenhiddenfromtheconsumer,paidnotindollarsbutinenvironmentaldamageandhumansuffering.[B]Theenvironmentalfootprintofthefashionindustryisstaggering.Itisestimatedtoberesponsibleforabout10%ofglobalcarbonemissions—morethanallinternationalflightsandmaritimeshippingcombined.Theproductionofsyntheticfiberslikepolyester,astapleoffastfashion,isenergy-intensiveandreliesonfossilfuels.Furthermore,theindustryisamajorconsumerofwater.Toproduceasinglecottont-shirtrequiresapproximately2,700litersofwater,enoughforonepersontodrinkfortwoandahalfyears.[C]Waterpollutionisanothercriticalissue.Thedyeingandtreatmentoftextilesaccountforaround20%ofglobalwastewater.Thiswastewater,oftenuntreatedorpoorlytreated,isdischargedintorivers,contaminatingwatersourceswithtoxicchemicalsthatharmaquaticlifeandposehealthriskstocommunitieslivingnearby.Insomemajormanufacturingcountries,rivershaveliterallyturneddifferentcolorsduetodyerunoff.[D]Theproblemisexacerbatedbythecultureofdisposabilitythatfastfashionpromotes.Withlowpricesandrapidlychangingtrends,clothingisoftentreatedassingle-use.It'sestimatedthattheaveragepersonnowbuys60%moreitemsofclothingthantheydid15yearsagobutkeepseachgarmentforhalfaslong.Thisleadstoamassivewasteproblem.Millionsoftonsoftextilesendupinlandfillsorareincineratedeveryyear,wheresyntheticfiberscantakehundredsofyearstodecompose.[E]Onthesocialfront,thepressuretoproducecheaplyandquicklyoftencomesattheexpenseofworkers'rightsandsafety.Tokeepcostslow,manybrandsoutsourceproductiontodevelopingcountrieswherelaborischeapandregulationsmaybeweak.Garmentworkers,predominantlyyoungwomen,frequentlyfacepoorworkingconditions,excessivelylonghours,andwagesbelowthelivingwage.Tragedieslikethe2013RanaPlazafactorycollapseinBangladesh,whichkilledover1,100people,exposedthedeadlyconsequencesofneglectingsafetystandardsinthepursuitofprofit.[F]Thereisagrowingawarenessoftheseissuesamongconsumers.Movementslike"slowfashion"encouragebuyingfewer,higher-qualityitemsthatareethicallyproducedanddesignedtolast.Second-handshoppingandclothingrentalservicesaregainingpopularityassustainablealternatives.Somebrandsarealsorespondingbyintroducingrecyclingprograms,usingorganicorrecycledmaterials,andpublishingmoreinformationabouttheirsupplychains.[G]However,systemicchangeisslow.Whileconsumerchoicesmatter,theonuscannotbeonindividualsalone.Activistsarguethatgovernmentsneedtoenforcestricterenvironmentalregulationsandholdcorporationsaccountablefortheirsupplychains.Internationalframeworksareneededtoensurefairwagesandsafeworkingconditionsglobally.Theconceptof"extendedproducerresponsibility,"wherebrandsareresponsiblefortheentirelifecycleoftheirproducts,includingdisposal,isalsogainingtraction.[H]Ultimately,redefiningthefashionindustryrequiresashiftinvalues—fromvaluingquantityandspeedtovaluingquality,durability,andequity.Itchallengestheverypremiseoffastfashion:thatmore,newer,andcheaperisalwaysbetter.Thehiddencostofa$5t-shirtisfartoohigh,anditisacostbornebytheplanetanditsmostvulnerablepeople.Makingfashiontrulysustainableisacomplexchallenge,butanessentialoneforoursharedfuture.Statements:1.Thefashionindustryproducesalargershareofglobalcarbonemissionsthantheaviationandshippingsectorscombined.2.Oneproposedpolicysolutionistomakeclothingmanufacturersresponsibleformanagingtheirproducts'end-of-life.3.Thebusinessmodeloffastfashionreliesonquicklycopyinghigh-enddesignsandsellingthematlowprices.4.Amajorsocialconsequenceoffastfashionisthatworkersinmanufacturingcountriesoftenreceiveunfairlylowpay.5.Theaverageconsumertodaypurchasesmoreclothingitemsbutdiscardsthemsoonercomparedtothepast.6.Asignificantamountofpollutedwaterfromthefashionindustryisreleasedintonaturalwaterways.7.Consumerbehaviorischanging,withsomepeopleoptingforpre-ownedclothesorrentinginsteadofbuyingnew.8.Producingabasiccottongarmentconsumesanamountofwaterequivalenttooneperson'sdrinkingneedsforyears.9.Thefundamentalchangeneededinvolvesprioritizinglong-lastingqualityandfairnessoverconstantnewnessandlowprice.10.Acatastrophicfactoryaccidenthighlightedtheseveresafetyrisksfacedbygarmentworkers.---PartIITranslation(15points)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateashortparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.随着城市化进程的加快，许多历史街区面临着被拆除的威胁。这些街区不仅承载着丰富的文化遗产和集体记忆，也是城市独特魅力的重要组成部分。保护历史街区并不意味着拒绝发展，而是要在现代化建设中寻求平衡。通过合理的规划和修复，这些区域可以焕发新的活力，成为既保留历史风貌又能满足当代生活需求的文化空间。这样的努力对于提升城市文化软实力和促进可持续发展具有重要意义。---PartIIIWriting(25points)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic:TheImpactofSocialMediaonInterpersonalRelationships.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.---PartIVCloze(20points)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Intoday'sdigitalage,theconceptofprivacyhasbecomeincreasinglycomplexandcontentious.Theinternetandsocialmediaplatformshavemadeiteasierthanevertoshareinformationaboutourselves,____1____fromourdailyactivitiestoourdeepestthoughts.____2____,thisconstantsharingcomeswithsignificantrisks.Oncepersonaldataispostedonline,itcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,to____3____controloverwhoseesitorhowitisused.Manypeoplewillinglytradesomeprivacy____4____convenienceorsocialconnection.Weuseappsthattrackourlocationforfasterservices,andwepostpersonalupdatestostayintouchwithfriends.The____5____isthatcompaniescollectvastamountsofdatafromthesedigitalfootprints.Thisdataisoftenanalyzedtocreatedetailedprofilesfortargetedadvertising,apracticethatmanyfind____6____.Theissueofdatabreachesaddsanotherlayerofconcern.Hackersfrequentlytargetdatabases____7____sensitiveinformation,suchascreditcardnumbersandsocialsecuritynumbers.Whensuchbreachesoccur,millionsofindividualscanhavetheirprivateinformationexposed,leadingtoidentitytheftandfinancialloss.____8____strongpasswordsandsecuritymeasurescanreducetherisk,butnosystemiscompletelyfoolproof.Governmentsaroundtheworldaregrapplingwithhowtoregulatedataprivacy.TheEuropeanUnion'sGeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR)isoneofthemostcomprehensive____9____,givingcitizensmorecontrolovertheirpersonaldata.Othercountriesareconsideringorhaveimplemented____10____laws.However,regulationoftenlagsbehindtechnologicalinnovation,creatingaconstantcatch-upgame.Forindividuals,thebestdefenseisawareness.Being____11____aboutwhatinformationyoushareonlineandunderstandingtheprivacysettingsonsocialmediaplatformsarecrucialfirststeps.It'salsoimportanttobeskepticalofrequestsforpersonalinformationandtousedifferentpasswordsfordifferentaccounts.Privacyisnotjustaboutkeepingsecrets;it'sabouttherighttocontrolone'sowninformationinanincreasingly____12____world.1.A)hidingB)preventingC)rangingD)benefiting2.A)HoweverB)ThereforeC)MoreoverD)Otherwise3.A)regainB)maintainC)containD)obtain4.A)withB)forC)byD)on5.A)trade-offB)outcomeC)phenomenonD)conflict6.A)intrusiveB)beneficialC)optionalD)efficient7.A)consistingB)containingC)composingD)involving8.A)UsingB)UseC)TouseD)Used9.A)effortsB)attemptsC)trialsD)experiments10.A)familiarB)similarC)variousD)different11.A)selectiveB)negativeC)objectiveD)positive12.A)connectedB)isolatedC)complicatedD)simplified---答案AnswerKeyPartISectionA1.J)performed2.G)generate3.B)necessity4.C)dynamic5.H)prepare6.A)advantage7.M)opportunities8.E)bound9.K)resist10.I)securePartISectionB1.B2.G3.A4.E5.D6.C7.F8.B9.H10.EPartIITranslationWiththeaccelerationofurbanization,manyhistoricalneighborhoodsarefacingthethreatofdemolition.Theseneighborhoodsnotonlycarryrichculturalheritageandcollectivememories,butalsoconstituteanimportantpartofacity'suniquecharm.Protectinghistoricalneighborhoodsdoesnotmeanrejectingdevelopment;rather,itisaboutseekingabalanceintheprocessofmodernization.Throughrationalplanningandrestoration,theseareascanberevitalized,becomingculturalspacesthatpreservetheirhistoricalcharacterwhilemeetingtheneedsofcontemporarylife.Sucheffortsareofgreatsignif