小学初中英语必-备语法考点背诵版（带例句）

小学初中英语必备语法考点背诵版（带例句）一、小学阶段（基础必背）1.名词单复数规则：一般加-s；s/x/ch/sh结尾加-es；辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-esa.例句：book→books；box→boxes；city→citiesb.不规则：child→children；foot→feet；sheep→sheep（单复同形）2.名词所有格规则：单数名词加’s；以s结尾的复数名词加’a.例句：Tom’sbag（汤姆的包）；thestudents’classroom（学生们的教室）3.人称代词（主格/宾格）主格（作主语）：I/you/he/she/it/we/theya.宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/us/themb.例句：Shelikesapples.（主格）；Givehimapen.（宾格）4.物主代词（形容词性/名词性）形容词性（后接名词）：my/your/his/her/its/our/theira.名词性（后不接名词）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirsb.例句：Thisismybook.（形容词性）；Thisbookismine.（名词性）5.冠词（a/an/the）a/an：泛指，元音音素开头用an，辅音音素开头用aa.例句：adog；anapple；anhour（h不发音）b.the：特指；专有名词前；乐器前c.例句：Openthedoor.（特指）；playthepianod.零冠词：三餐、球类、学科前e.例句：havebreakfast；playfootball；learnEnglish6.be动词用法口诀：我用am，你用are，is连着他她它；单数is复数area.例句：Iamastudent.；Heistall.；Theyarefriends.7.一般现在时（实义动词）结构：主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数（三单）a.三单变化：一般加-s；s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-es；辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-esb.例句：ShewatchesTVeveryday.；Theyplaybasketballafterschool.8.现在进行时结构：主语+am/is/are+动词-inga.例句：Iamreadingabook.；Heisplayingfootballnow.9.一般过去时规则动词：加-ed；e结尾加-d；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-eda.例句：walk→walked；like→liked；stop→stoppedb.不规则动词：go→went；eat→ate；see→sawc.例句：Hewenttoparkyesterday.10.情态动词（can/may/must）用法：后接动词原形，无人称变化a.例句：Icanswim.；Youmaysithere.；Youmustfinishyourhomework.二、初中阶段（进阶必背）1.反身代词形式：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselvesa.例句：ShetaughtherselfEnglish.（自学）；Enjoyyourselves!（玩得开心）2.不定代词（some/any/no/every系列）用法：作主语时谓语用单数；形容词修饰时后置a.例句：Someoneisknockingatthedoor.；Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.形容词/副词比较级和最高级规则变化：一般加-er/-est；e结尾加-r/-st；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-er/-est；多音节词加more/mosta.例句：tall→taller→tallest；beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautifulb.同级比较：as+原级+as（和……一样）；notas/so+原级+as（不如……）c.例句：Sheisastallasme.；Thisbookisnotasinterestingasthatone.4.一般将来时结构1：主语+will+动词原形a.例句：Iwillvisitmygrandmatomorrow.b.结构2：主语+begoingto+动词原形（表计划/预测）c.例句：Sheisgoingtohaveaparty.5.现在完成时结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词a.标志词：already/yet/ever/never/since/forb.例句：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.；Hehaslivedherefor5years.6.被动语态结构：主语+be+动词过去分词（be动词随时态变化）a.例句：TheletterwaswrittenbyTom.（一般过去时被动）；Thetreewillbeplantedtomorrow.（一般将来时被动）7.动词不定式（todo）基本用法：作主语、宾语、宾语补足语等a.例句：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.（作主语）；Iwanttobuyapen.（作宾语）8.宾语从句三要素：语序（陈述句语序：引导词+主语+谓语）；时态呼应；引导词（that/if/whether/特殊疑问词）a.例句：Hesaysthathelikesmusic.；Idon’tknowifshewillcome.9.定语从句（基础）引导词：that（指人/物）；who（指人）；which（指物）a.例句：ThisisthebookthatIboughtyesterday.；Thegirlwhoissingingismysister.10.感叹句（what/how引导）what：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！/What+形容词+可数名词复数