英语一阅读理解考研真题

英语一阅读理解考研真题

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英语一阅读理解考研真题1

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethan

two-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump?s

useofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernews

fromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Not

apresidentJssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdaily

headlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,people

maybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Such

atrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2023presidentialcampaign,

nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthe

politicallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,according

totheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeed

Newsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrust

newsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecoming

moreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.

千里之行，始于足下。

AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetween

ages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust“toverify

stories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfrom

differentperspectives一especiallythosethatareopenabout

anybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonal

responsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseeking

outopposingviewpoints,“thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2023survey

conductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbythe

UniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople's

relianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmore

intimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemto

re-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.

Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassing

alonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthe

topreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis

ureadererror,“moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactual

mistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffake

newsliesin^misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”

viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewson

socialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue."Thisindicates

thereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthis

problem,“saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweeting

president,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills

-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

第2页/共14页

26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoung

Americanscastdoubtson

[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

[B]people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestin

meaningto

[A]sharpen

[B]define

[C]boast

[D]share

28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

[D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust

千里之行，始于足下。

29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefake

newsproblemis

[A]readersoutdatedvalues.

[B]journalists'biasedreporting

[C]readers?misinterpretation

[D]journalists'made-upstories.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe

text?

[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

英语一阅读理解考研真题2

TEXT2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigital

data?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecan

searchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthe

phoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

第4页/共14页

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfroma

sweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheold

assumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthe

possessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,

thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnew

andrapidlychangingtechnologies.

Thecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowed

Californiasadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,

evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdated

guidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCaliforniaslameargument

thatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouse

ofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthrougha

suspectspurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedontviolate

theFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletor

pocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploring

onessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.A

smartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financial

history,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecent

correspondence.Thedevelopmentofcloudcomputing,meanwhile,

hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCaliforniasargument

whole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovel

applicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.OrinKerr,alaw

professor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigital

informationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentof

automobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:The

千里之行，始于足下。

justiceshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomain

ofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourth

Amendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringan

arrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[B]checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.TheauthorsattitudetowardCaliforniasargumentisone

of

[A]tolerance.

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontent

iscomparableto

[A]gettingintoonesresidence.

第6页/共14页

[B]handingoneshistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningonescorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughoneswallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizensprivacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.OrinKerrscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)Newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationofthe

Constitution.

(C)Californiasargumentviolatesprinciplesofthe

Constitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

英语一阅读理解考研真题3

Text2

千里之行，始于足下。

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmerica

inAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.

Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,he

camerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalof

runningacompany."Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuch

mydecision,“McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalking

forthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServices

Group,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtime

toreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italso

sentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.

AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesat

AvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthatthey

werelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccession

plansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswho

don'tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusiness

environmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvague

pronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputy

chiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.In

thethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearago

asnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,according

toLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunities

willaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetter

oneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutivesandheadhunters

haveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidates

第8页/共14页

aretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/Ferryseniorpartner

DennisCarey："Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedone

whereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOs

first.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedin

toppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicana

adecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayearbefore

shebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.

RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2023withambitionstobe

aCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancial

institutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortop

performers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptable

tobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone."Thetraditionalrule

wasit'ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat'sbeen

fundamentallyinverted,“saysoneheadhunter."Thepeople

who'vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong.”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbest

bedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

千里之行，始于足下。

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives'quitting

maybespurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)most

probablymeans

[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

[D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.

[D]it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

第10页/共14页

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs：WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs：AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

英语一阅读理解考研真题4

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgets

arewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Inthe

internetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuch

reduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsay

online,companiescanaim“behavioural“adsatthosemost

likelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthe

valuetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Should

advertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsent

behaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2023AmericasFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)

proposedaddingadonottrack(DNT)optiontointernet

browsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydid

notwanttobefollowed.MicrosoftsInternetExplorerand

千里之行，始于足下。

ApplesSafaribothofferDNT;GooglesChromeisduetodoso

thisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdwertisingAlliance

(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonresponging

toDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternet

Explorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNT

asadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.Geting

aDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,although

somecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.Unabletotellwhether

someonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyare

stickingwithMicrosoftJsdefault,somemayignoreaDNT

signalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,

ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNT

requests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.Ifitistrying

toupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwill

becomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugeselling

pointforwindows8-thoughthefirmha