英语四级2019试题

英语四级2019试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmutualunderstandingandrespectininterpersonalrelationships.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theriseofdigitaltechnologyhasfundamentallyalteredhowwework,communicate,andaccessinformation.Whileitoffersunprecedentedconvenienceandconnectivity,italsopresentssignificantchallenges,particularlyconcerningmentalhealth.Constantexposuretosocialmediacanleadtofeelingsofinadequacyandanxietyasindividualscomparetheirlivestothe(1)______curatedhighlightsofothers.Thepressuretobealways"on"andresponsivecanresultinburnoutandstress.Moreover,the(2)______natureofonlineinteractionscansometimes(3)______feelingsoflonelinessandisolation,despitebeingmore"connected"thaneverbefore.However,technologyitselfisnotinherentlyharmful.Thekeyliesinmindfulusage.Settingboundaries,suchasdesignatedscreen-freetimes,canhelp(4)______ahealthierbalance.Engagingwithonlinecommunitiesthatfostersupportandgenuineconnectioncan(5)______thenegativeeffects.Itiscrucialtorememberthatonlinepersonasareoftenincomplete(6)______ofreality.Developingdigitalliteracy—theabilitytocriticallyevaluateonlinecontent—isessentialformaintainingperspective.Ultimately,fosteringreal-worldrelationshipsandactivitiesremains(7)______forwell-being.Byusingtechnologyasatoolto(8)______,ratherthanreplace,face-to-faceinteraction,wecanharnessitsbenefitswhile(9)______itspitfalls.Thegoalshouldbetocreateasymbioticrelationshipwithourdevices,onethatservesourneedswithout(10)______ourmentalhealth.WordBank:A)mitigateB)portrayalsC)superficialD)indispensableE)carefullyF)enhanceG)diminishH)exacerbateI)vitalJ)cultivateK)avoidingL)perfectM)representationsN)compromisingO)sustainSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inaneraofrapidurbanization,theconceptof"greencities"hasmovedfromanicheidealtoamainstreamurbanplanningimperative.Thecoreideaistointegratenaturalsystemsandprocessesintotheurbanfabrictocreatemorelivable,sustainable,andresilientenvironments.Thisinvolvesmorethanjustaddingparks;it'saholisticapproachencompassinggreenroofs,urbanforests,permeablepavements,andwater-sensitivedesign.Thebenefitsaremultifaceted.Environmentally,greeninfrastructurehelpscombattheurbanheatislandeffect,wherecitiesbecomesignificantlywarmerthansurroundingruralareasduetohumanactivitiesandconstructionmaterials.Plantsprovideshadeandreleasemoisturethroughevapotranspiration,coolingtheair.Theyalsoimproveairqualitybyabsorbingpollutantsandcarbondioxide.Fromawatermanagementperspective,featureslikeraingardensandbioswales(vegetateddrainagechannels)captureandfilterstormwaterrunoff,reducingfloodingandpollutioninwaterways.Economically,whiletheinitialinvestmentcanbehigher,greencitiesoftenseelong-termsavings.Reducedenergycostsforcoolingbuildings,lowerstormwatermanagementexpenses,andincreasedpropertyvaluesingreenerneighborhoodscontributetoeconomicvitality.Perhapsmostimportantlyarethesocialandhealthbenefits.Accesstogreenspacesisstronglylinkedtoreducedstress,improvedmentalhealth,andincreasedphysicalactivityamongresidents.Itfosterscommunityinteractionandcanevenreducecrimeratesinsomeareas.Criticsarguethatgreeninginitiativescansometimesleadto"greengentrification,"whereimprovementsraisepropertyvaluesandlivingcosts,potentiallydisplacinglower-incomeresidents.Therefore,equitabledistributionofgreenspacesandinclusiveplanningprocessesarecriticaltoensurethatthebenefitsofgreencitiesaresharedbyall.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Tocriticizethehighcostofbuildinggreencities.B)Toexplaintheconceptandbenefitsofgreencities.C)Tocomparegreencitieswithtraditionalurbanareas.D)Todiscussthehistoricaldevelopmentofurbanplanning.12.Accordingtothepassage,howdoplantsinurbanareashelpmitigatetheheatislandeffect?A)Byreplacingconstructionmaterials.B)Byprovidingshadeandreleasingmoisture.C)Byabsorbingnoisepollution.D)Byincreasingpropertyvalues.13.Whatisoneeconomicbenefitofgreencitiesmentionedinthepassage?A)Immediatereductioninconstructioncosts.B)Increasedtaxrevenuefromnewindustries.C)Long-termsavingsonenergyandwatermanagement.D)Guaranteedincreaseinpopulation.14.Theterm"greengentrification"(Para.4)referstothephenomenonwheregreeningeffortsleadto______.A)improvedairqualityforeveryoneB)displacementoflower-incomeresidentsduetorisingcostsC)morecommunityfestivalsandeventsD)stricterenvironmentalregulations15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestiscrucialforthesuccessofgreencities?A)Focusingonlyonenvironmentalbenefits.B)Prioritizinglarge,centralparksoversmallgreenspaces.C)Ensuringbenefitsareequitablydistributedamongallresidents.D)Implementingthemostadvancedtechnologyavailable.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithfivestatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.PassageTwoA)Thephenomenonof"slowfood"emergedinItalyinthe1980sasadirectprotestagainsttheopeningofaMcDonald'srestaurantneartheSpanishStepsinRome.Itwasfoundedonthebeliefthatthefast-foodindustrypromotesadangerouscultureoffastlivingandhomogenizationoftaste,erodinglocalfoodtraditionsandcommunaldiningexperiences.Themovementadvocatesforpreservingtraditionalandregionalcuisine,encouragingfarmingofplantsandseedscharacteristicofthelocalecosystem,andpromotingsustainableagriculture.B)Atitsheart,slowfoodisaboutmindfulnessandconnection.Itemphasizesknowingwhereyourfoodcomesfrom,howitisproduced,andwhoproducesit.Thisconnectionfostersadeeperappreciationforthefoodonone'splateandthelaborbehindit.Themovementencouragestakingtimetopreparemealsusingfresh,localingredientsand,mostimportantly,tosavormealsinthecompanyofothers,transformingeatingfromamerenecessityintoapleasurable,socialritual.C)Theprinciplesofslowfoodextendbeyondthedinnertableintoabroaderphilosophyknownasthe"slowmovement."Thisphilosophychallengesthemoderncultofspeedandefficiencyinvariousaspectsoflife,includingwork,education,andtravel.Proponentsarguethattheconstantrushleadstostress,burnout,andasuperficialengagementwiththeworld.Theslowmovementsuggeststhatbydecelerating,individualscanachievegreaterproductivity,creativity,andoveralllifesatisfaction.D)Criticsoftheslowfoodmovementoftenpointtoissuesofaccessibilityandprivilege.Organic,locallysourcedingredientsandtheluxuryoftimetocookanddineleisurelyareoftenmoreavailabletohigher-incomegroups.Formanypeopleworkinglonghoursorlivingin"fooddeserts"withlimitedaccesstofreshproduce,theidealsofslowfoodcanseemimpracticaloroutofreach.Themovementhasbeenchallengedtoaddressthesesocioeconomicdisparitiestobetrulyinclusive.E)Despitecriticisms,theslowfoodmovementhasgrownintoaglobalorganizationwithchaptersinover160countries.Itsimpactisseenintheriseoffarmers'markets,community-supportedagriculture(CSA)programs,andagrowingconsumerinterestinfoodprovenanceandethics.Whilenotasolutionforalldietarychallenges,ithassuccessfullysparkedacrucialconversationabouttheenvironmental,social,andhealthimplicationsofourfoodchoices,urgingashiftfrommindlessconsumptiontoconsciousnourishment.16.Theslowfoodmovementoriginatedfromoppositiontothespreadofglobalfast-foodchains.17.Akeycriticismofthemovementisthatitspracticesmaynotbefeasibleforpeoplewithlimitedtimeorfinancialresources.18.Theideasbehindslowfoodhaveinspiredawiderculturalshiftquestioningthevalueofspeedinmodernlife.19.Themovementplacesgreatimportanceonthesocialaspectofsharingandenjoyingmealstogether.20.Onesignificantachievementofthemovementisraisingpublicawarenessaboutthebroaderimpactoffoodconsumption.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门古老的艺术，至今已有数千年的历史。它不仅是沟通的工具，更被视为一种高雅的艺术形式和精神修养的途径。书法家通过毛笔、墨、纸和砚台，将汉字书写升华为一种表达情感和个性的艺术。每一笔、每一划都讲究力度、节奏和结构，体现了书写者的内心世界。练习书法需要极大的耐心和专注，有助于修身养性。如今，尽管数字技术日益普及，中国书法仍然深受人们喜爱，并被广泛教授和学习，作为连接过去与现在的重要文化纽带。---答案KeyPartIWriting(SampleEssay)Mutualunderstandingandrespectserveasthecornerstoneofhealthyinterpersonalrelationships.Inaworldofdiverseperspectives,understandingallowsustoseebeyondourownviewpoints,fosteringempathyandreducingconflicts.Itinvolvesactivelisteningandthewillingnesstoseetheworldthroughanother'seyes.Respect,itsessentialcounterpart,meansvaluingothers'feelings,opinions,andrights,evenwhenwedisagree.Itcreatesasafespaceforopencommunicationandgenuineconnection.Withoutthesetwoelements,relationshipscaneasilybecomestrained,filledwithjudgmentandresentment.Byconsciouslypracticingunderstandingandrespect,webuildstronger,moretrusting,andfulfillingbondswithfamily,friends,andcolleagues,whichultimatelycontributestopersonalwell-beingandsocialharmony.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.E)carefully2.C)superficial3.H)exacerbate4.J)cultivate5.A)mitigate6.M)representations7.