大学英语四级试题山东

大学英语四级试题山东

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImpactofShortVideoPlatformsonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,thewayweaccessinformationhasbeenfundamentallytransformed.Traditionalmedialikenewspapersandtelevisionarefacingunprecedentedchallengesfromdigitalplatforms.TheInternet,especiallysocialmedia,hasbecometheprimarysourceofnewsformanypeople,particularlytheyoungergeneration.Thisshifthasbroughtaboutsignificantchangesinhownewsis____1____,consumed,andperceived.Onemajorchangeisthespeedofinformationdissemination.Newscannowspreadgloballyinamatterofseconds.Whilethispromotes____2____,italsoraisesconcernsabouttheaccuracyofinformation.Unverifiedorfalsenewscan____3____rapidly,causingconfusionorevenpanic.Anotherchangeisthe____4____ofnewsconsumption.Peopletendtoreadheadlinesorshortsummariesratherthanin-deptharticles,leadingtoamorefragmentedunderstandingofevents.Furthermore,socialmediaalgorithmsoftencreate"filterbubbles,"whereusersareprimarily____5____tocontentthatalignswiththeirexistingbeliefs.Thiscanlimit____6____todiverseperspectivesandreinforcebiases.Theroleofprofessionaljournalistsisalsobeing____7____.Whilecitizenjournalismempowersindividualstoreportevents,itsometimeslackstherigorandethicalstandardsoftraditionaljournalism.Tonavigatethisnewlandscape,medialiteracyhasbecomeanessentialskill.Thepublicneedstodeveloptheabilityto____8____thecredibilityofsources,recognizebias,andthinkcriticallyabouttheinformationtheyencounter.Educationalinstitutionsandmediaorganizationshavearesponsibilityto____9____theseskills.Ultimately,inthedigitalage,beinganinformedcitizenrequiresnotjustconsumingmoreinformation,butconsumingitmore____10____.WordBank:A)evaluateB)exposureC)wiselyD)producedE)passivelyF)circulatedG)promotedH)accessI)alterJ)redefineK)superficialityL)spreadM)fosteredN)challengedO)cultivateSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneIntherealmofurbandevelopment,theconceptof"15-minutecities"hasgainedconsiderabletraction.Theideaissimpleyetrevolutionary:allessentialservices—suchasshopping,education,healthcare,andleisurefacilities—shouldbeaccessiblewithina15-minutewalkorbikeridefromone'shome.Thismodelaimstoreducecardependency,lowercarbonemissions,promotehealthierlifestyles,andstrengthencommunitybonds.Proponentsarguethatsuchneighborhoodsincreasethequalityoflifebysavingtimeoncommuting,reducingstress,andencouragingphysicalactivity.Theyalsofosterasenseofbelongingasresidentsinteractmorefrequentlyinlocalshopsandparks.Fromanenvironmentalperspective,minimizingtheneedformotorizedtravelisasignificantsteptowardachievingsustainabilitygoalsinurbanareas.However,criticspointoutpotentialdrawbacks.Theyworrythatstrictzoningtocreateself-sufficientneighborhoodsmightinadvertentlylimitresidents'choicesandfreedomofmovement.Somealsoexpressconcernsabouttheeconomicimplications,suggestingthatpropertyvaluesinthesewell-servicedareasmightsoar,exacerbatinghousingaffordabilityissuesandsocialsegregation.Implementingthismodelinexistingsprawlingcitieswouldrequiremassiveinfrastructurechangesandsignificantinvestment,posingamajorchallengeforcityplanners.Despitethechallenges,manycitiesworldwideareexperimentingwithelementsofthisconcept.Theshifttoward15-minutecitiesreflectsabroaderrethinkingofurbandesign,prioritizinghumanwell-beingandenvironmentalhealthovertheconvenienceoftheautomobile.1.Whatistheprimarygoalofthe"15-minutecity"model?A)Toincreasetheuseofprivatecars.B)Tocentralizeallcityservicesinabusinessdistrict.C)Tomakedailynecessitiesreachablewithinashortwalkorbikeride.D)Toencouragepeopletomovetosuburbanareas.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitof15-minutecities?A)Reducingairpollution.B)Savingtimeontheroad.C)Promotingcommunityinteraction.D)Loweringthecostofhealthcare.3.Whatisamajorconcernraisedbycriticsofthe15-minutecity?A)Itmightdiscouragepeoplefromwalking.B)Itcouldleadtoincreasedsocialinequality.C)Itmaycauseadecreaseinpropertyvalues.D)Itwilleliminateallpublictransportation.4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthe15-minutecityconceptcanbedescribedas______.A)stronglycriticalB)cautiouslyoptimisticC)completelyindifferentD)highlyskepticalSectionCDirections:Thereisapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.TheScienceofSleep[A]Sleepisnotmerelyapassivestateofrest;itisanactiveandcomplexphysiologicalprocessessentialforsurvival.Scientistshaveidentifiedseveralstagesofsleep,cyclingthroughlightsleep,deepsleep,andREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleepthroughoutthenight.Eachstageplaysadistinctroleinphysicalrestoration,memoryconsolidation,andemotionalregulation.[B]Deepsleep,oftencalledslow-wavesleep,iscrucialforphysicalrecovery.Duringthisstage,thebodyrepairstissues,buildsboneandmuscle,andstrengthenstheimmunesystem.Growthhormoneisprimarilyreleasedduringdeepsleep,whichiswhyadequatesleepisvitalforchildren'sdevelopmentandforathletes'recovery.[C]REMsleep,ontheotherhand,ismostcloselyassociatedwithdreamingandcognitivefunctions.ThebrainisalmostasactiveaswhenawakeduringREMsleep.Thisstageisbelievedtobeessentialforprocessingemotions,solidifyingmemories,andfacilitatinglearning.StudiesshowthatpeopledeprivedofREMsleephavedifficultyrememberingwhattheylearnedthepreviousday.[D]Theamountofsleepneededvariesbyage.Newbornsmayneedupto17hoursaday,whileadultsgenerallyrequire7-9hours.However,individualneedscandiffer.Consistencyinsleepscheduleisoftenasimportantasthetotalhours.Goingtobedandwakingupatroughlythesametimeeverydayhelpsregulatethebody'sinternalclock,orcircadianrhythm.[E]Chronicsleepdeprivationhassevereconsequences.Itimpairsjudgment,reactiontime,andcognitiveperformance,akintotheeffectsofalcoholintoxication.Long-term,itislinkedtoanincreasedriskofvarioushealthissues,includingobesity,heartdisease,diabetes,anddepression.Italsoweakenstheimmuneresponse,makingonemoresusceptibletoinfections.[F]Severalfactorscandisruptsleepquality.Theseincludeexposuretobluelightfromscreensbeforebedtime,consumptionofcaffeineoralcohol,anirregularschedule,stress,andsleepdisorderslikeinsomniaorsleepapnea.Creatingaconducivesleepenvironment—dark,quiet,andcool—andestablishingarelaxingpre-sleeproutinecansignificantlyimprovesleepquality.[G]Nappingcanbebeneficialifdonecorrectly.Shortnapsof20-30minutescanboostalertnessandperformancewithoutcausinggrogginessorinterferingwithnighttimesleep.Longernaps,especiallylaterintheday,candisruptthesleep-wakecycleandmakeithardertofallasleepatnight.[H]Understandingthescienceofsleepempowersindividualstomakeinformedchoicesabouttheirsleephabits.Prioritizingsleepisnotaluxurybutafundamentalcomponentofahealthylifestyle,ascriticalasdietandexerciseformaintainingphysicalandmentalwell-being.1.REMsleepisimportantfordealingwithemotionalexperiencesandstrengtheningmemory.2.Thebodycarriesoutmajorphysicalrepairworkmainlyduringaspecificstageofsleep.3.Lackofsufficientsleepoveralongperiodcanincreasethelikelihoodofgettingsick.4.Abriefnapcanenhanceone'salertnessifitdoesnotlasttoolong.5.Thebrainexhibitshighlevelsofactivityduringthedreamingphaseofsleep.6.Stickingtoaregulardailysleeproutinehelpsmaintainthebody'snaturalrhythm.7.Screentimebeforegoingtobedisoneoftheelementsthatcanharmsleep.8.Sleepservesmultipleimportantfunctionsforthebodyandmind.9.Thenecessarydurationofsleepchangesasapersongrowsolder.10.Thenegativeimpactofnotgettingenoughsleeponthinkingabilitycanbecomparedtothatofdrinkingalcohol.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.泰山位于山东省中部，被誉为中国最重要的文化名山之一。对于中国人来说，它不仅仅是一座自然奇观，更是深厚历史与精神的象征。数千年来，泰山一直是帝王举行封禅仪式、文人墨客寻找灵感的神圣之地。登山途中，游客可以欣赏到众多古代石刻、寺庙和松柏奇观。登顶观日出，被视为一项非凡的体验，象征着希望与新生。1987年，泰山被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化与自然双重遗产。PartIVWriting(30minutes)(Note:ThisisthesameasPartI,alreadylistedabove.Thefulltestwouldhaveonlyonewritingtask.)---AnswerKeyPartIWriting(略-Modelessayswouldbeprovidedforscoringreference.)PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.D)produced2.M)fostered3.L)spread4.K)superficiality5.G)promo