2026年13年英语一试卷及答案

2026年13年英语一试卷及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thecommitteeinsistedthatthereport______beforeFriday.A.befinishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.finishes2.Notuntilthetrainarrived______howmuchluggageshehadbrought.A.sherealizedB.didsherealizeC.shehadrealizedD.hadsherealized3.TheprofessorspokesoquicklythatIcould______followwhathewassaying.A.nearlyB.barelyC.hardlyeverD.almost4.______theresearchersrepeatedtheexperimentthreetimes,theresultsvariedsignificantly.A.BecauseB.WhileC.AlthoughD.Since5.ThenewpolicywillcomeintoeffectonJune1,______allpreviousregulationsondataprivacy.A.supersedingB.supersededC.havingsupersededD.tosupersede6.Bytheendofnextyear,theinstitute______over200clinicaltrials.A.willcompleteB.willhavecompletedC.hascompletedD.completes7.TheCEOrefusedtomakeanycomment,______therumorthatthemergerhadcollapsed.A.otherthanB.insteadofC.letaloneD.ratherthan8.Themanuscriptwasreturnedtotheauthorbecausethepublisherfoundit______witherrors.A.rifeB.teemedC.fraughtD.abundant9.Themorepreciselythepositionofaparticleismeasured,______itsmomentumcanbeknown.A.thelesspreciselyB.themorepreciselyC.lesspreciselyD.moreprecisely10.Onlyafterthemodelhadbeenvalidated______topublishthefindings.A.theteamagreedB.theteamhadagreedC.didtheteamagreeD.agreedtheteam二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11.Theverbformof“bath”inBritishEnglishwhenusedtransitivelyis______.12.Thepluralof“analysis”is______.13.Theword“synonymous”contains______morphemes.14.Inthesentence“Thehorseracedpastthebarnfell,”thegrammaticalfunctionof“raced”is______participle.15.Thephonetictranscriptionofthestressedsyllablein“photography”is/______/.16.TheOldEnglishword“hwæt”correspondstoModernEnglish“______”.17.Theminimalpairthatdistinguishes/æ/and/ɑː/instandardBritishEnglishis“______”and“______”.18.Therhetoricaldevicein“Odeath,whereisthysting?”is______.19.Thetermforawordthatisnolongerinuseisa(n)______word.20.Thesemanticrelationshipbetween“buy”and“sell”iscalled______opposition.三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）21.“Data”ishistoricallyapluralnoun,so“thedatais”isalwaysincorrectinacademicprose.22.Intransformationalgrammar,passivizationisastructure-preservingrule.23.TheGreatVowelShiftaccountsforthediscrepancybetweenEnglishspellingandpronunciation.24.Theword“yesterday”canfunctionaseitheranadverboranounincontemporaryEnglish.25.Thesentence“Colorlessgreenideassleepfuriously”issyntacticallywell-formedbutsemanticallyanomalous.26.TheIPAsymbol/ʃ/representstheinitialconsonantintheword“Asia”formostAmericanspeakers.27.InGriceanpragmatics,violatingthemaximofquantitynecessarilyleadstoconversationalimplicature.28.Thecomparativeformof“far”whenreferringtodistanceisalways“farther,”not“further.”29.Theword“selfie”enteredtheOEDinthe21stcenturyviaback-formation.30.Thephrase“tobebornwithasilverspooninone’smouth”isanexampleofadeadmetaphor.四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）31.Explainwhythesentence“Johniseagertoplease”isgrammaticallyacceptablewhereas“Johniseasytoplease”requiresadifferentsyntacticanalysisdespitesurfacesimilarity.32.Describethedifferencebetween“tense”and“aspect”inEnglishverbmorphology,providingtwoillustrativeexamples.33.OutlinetheroleoftheNormanConquestinexpandingthelexicalstrataofMiddleEnglish.34.SummarizethemaintenetsofLakoff’s“ConceptualMetaphorTheory”andgiveonelinguisticexample.五、讨论题（每题5分，共20分）35.DiscusstheargumentthatEnglishhasbecomea“pluricentric”language.Evaluatetheimplicationsforcodificationandinternationalintelligibility.36.CriticallyassesstheclaimthatemojiareusheringinanewstageoflogographicwritingforglobalEnglish.37.Examinetheethicalresponsibilitiesofdictionarypublisherswhenaddingpoliticallysensitiveneologisms.38.Evaluatetheextenttowhichcorpuslinguisticshasdisplacedintuition-basedjudgmentsincontemporarysyntacticresearch.答案与解析一、单项选择题1A（虚拟语气，insist+bareinfinitive）2B（否定副词前置引起倒装）3B（barely表示“几乎不”）4C（让步状语从句）5A（现在分词作伴随状语，主动含义）6B（将来完成时，by短语为标志）7C（letalone表示“更不用说”）8A（rifewith为固定搭配）9A（the+比较级…the+比较级结构）10C（only+介词短语后置，主句倒装）二、填空题11bathe12analyses13four（syn-onym-ous）14past15/tɒ/（或/tə/在弱读式，但重读音节为/tɒ/）16what17cat/cart（或pat/part等）18apostrophe（或personification）19obsolete20converse（或directional）三、判断题21F（“datais”已逐渐被接受）22T23T24T25T26T27F（违反可产生或取消含义，非必然）28F（further也可表距离）29F（属新造词，非back-formation）30F（仍保留意象，属活跃隐喻）四、简答题答案要点31前者“eager”形容词以John为主语，不定式为adjunct；后者“easy”形容词以不定式动词“please”的宾语为隐含空位，John实为不定式宾语，故深层结构不同。32Tense定位事件于时间轴（past/non-past），aspect关注内部时间结构（perfect/progressive）。例：Shehaseaten（perfectaspect+presenttense）；Shewaseating（pasttense+progressiveaspect）。331066年后法语成为官方与法律语言，大量Norman-French词汇进入行政、法律、餐饮等领域，与本土词汇形成双层registers，奠定英语同义词丰富的特点。34隐喻不仅是语言现象，更是思维手段；抽象概念通过具体源域映射被理解。例：“TIMEISMONEY”（