上海市奉贤区2026届下学期高三二模 英语试题（含答案）

第PAGE第PAGE1共NUMPAGES12GrammarandvocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ARiskyInoculation(预防接种thatChangedCatherinetheGreatsetouttodefineRussiaasanextremelyimportantpowerinEurope.Herruleremainedstable(1) theyearof1768,whensomethingbegantothreatenherpeopleandherposition–anancientdiseasenamedsmallpox.Bythe18thcentury,smallpox(2) (become)particularlydeadly.Oneinfivepeoplewhocaughtitdied.Itwasparticularlydangerousforchildren,soparentswouldbeadvisednottocounttheirchildrenunlesstheysurvivedsmallpox.Therewasabsolutely(3) thatcouldbedone.Peopletriedkeepingpatientshot(4) (sweat)thediseaseoutorevenbleedingthem,neitherofwhichdidanySincethe16thcentury,therehadbeeninoculation(5) (practise)widelyinChina,theMiddleEastandTurkey.Itinvolvedapersonbeinggivenacontrolleddose(剂量)ofthedisease.Atinydropofpus(脓液)fromthespotsofsomeonewiththedisease(6) (collect).Thentheliveviruswasputintoacutonthearmofthehealthyperson.In1767,aBritishdoctornamedDinsdalepublishedaninstructionmanualandintroducedhiswaytoinoculatesafely.Andthat’s(7) hecametotheattentionofCatherinetheGreat.Inthe1760s,inoculationwasn’tacommonpracticeinRussia,aland(8) therewas“enormousdistrust”againstit.Catherinemadethebravedecisiontoexperimentwithtreatmentfirst.SheputherfaithinscienceandherlifeinthehandsofDinsdale,(9) (call)forhimin1768totreatherandherfamily.Catherine’sinoculationwentsowellthatherexperienceencouragedherpeopletogetinoculated,too.Indeed,herfirstexperimentdemonstratedgreatresolutionandfirmnessofhermind.Toherpeople,sheprojectedanimageofherself(10) acaringruler.ShewasrememberedforadvancingpublichealthinRussiaandsavingmillionsoflives.SectionB(10分Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.A.G.B. C.H. I.D.J.E.K.ListeningtotheIntheworldofcontemporaryclassicalmusic,fewcomposershaveexploredculturaldialogueasquietlyandpersistentlyasQigangChen.BorninShanghaiandtrainedinFrance,Chenhasspent11ChinesephilosophicalideasintoamusicallanguageofWesterntraditions.Oneofhismostwidelyperformedworks,WuXing(TheFiveElements),offersamarvellousexampleofhow12wisdomcanbereinterpretedformodernaudience.Completedinthelate1990s,WuXingisafive-movementorchestralpiece(管弦乐曲)inspiredthetraditionalChineseconceptthatviewstheuniverseasadynamic13offiveforces:metal,wood,water,fireandearth.Insteadoftreatingtheseelementsas14symbols,Chenpresentsthemaspartofacontinuouscycleinwhicheachgeneratesthenext.Thisideaofmovementandtransformationliesattheheartofthecomposition.Theworkopensnotwitha(n)15statementbutwithreserve.Slightchangesintextureandcoloursuggesttheflowofwater,whilelatermovementsintroducesharperrhythmsandbrightersoundstoindicatefireandmetal.Chenavoidsdirectly16traditionalChinesemusic.Forhim,traditionisnotsomethingtobedirectlydisplayedbutsomethingtobeabsorbedandreshaped.HeusesthefullresourcesofaWesternorchestrato17qualitiessuchasweight,flowandtension.Indoingso,heinviteslistenerstoexperiencethephilosophy18ratherthanintellectually.Atatimewhenglobalcultureisoften toeasylabels,Chen’sworkoffersaquieteralternative.WuXingdoesnotexplainthefiveelements;itlistenstothem.Itimpliesthatculturalexchangeinmusicdoesnotdependongranddisplay,butonpatience,disciplineanda(n)20totransformation.Andinthatsilencebetweensounds,somethingnewisborn.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA (15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitstheTovisitors,theItaliancityofVenicedisplaysasplendidpictureofhistoricbuildings,waterwaysbelltowers,andredroofs.Yetthecityalsofeaturesamighty(威猛的wingedlion,the21ofwhatwasoncecalledtheVenetianRepublic(697–1797).Lionsofvarioussizesandmaterialswerecarvedstructuresthroughoutitsstreetsandsquares.Amongthem,perhapsthe versionisastatuestandingatopacolumnnearSt.Mark’sSquare.Now,newevidencesuggeststhatthisfamousstatuemayhaveoriginatednotinEurope,butinChina.Usingchemicalanalysisonsamplestakenfromthesculpture,ateamfromtheUniversityof themetalusedinthestatuetotheYangtzeRiverregioninChina.Theirfindings long-heldassumptionsaboutthestatue’sorigins.Forcenturies,expertshadbelieveditwascraftedinItalyortheMiddleEast–yetitsstylishuniquenessremainedanenduringdiscoverymayfinallyhelpsolvethatmystery.

.TheThoughinstalledinSt.Mark’sSquareduringthe13thcentury,thelionshowsasurprising26toartworkproducedinChinaduringtheTangDynasty,ratherthanthatfoundinmedieval中世纪的)MediterraneanEurope.Theresearcherspointtospecificfeatures–theshapeofitsnose,aswellasscars)indicating

ofearlierhorns–asconvincingevidence.Further

thecomplexity,thecolumnonwhichthelionstandsisofMiddleEastorigin.Andrecordsshowthestatuehasundergonemultiplerepairs,theearliestdatingbackto1293.“ItispossiblethatMarcoPolo’sfatheranduncle,duringtheirfour-yearstayinChina,playedakeyrolein29thesculpture,”theresearchersnote.Ifso,theobjecttheybroughtbackwas30azhènmùshòu–afiercelion-likegraveguardianfromtheTangDynasty.OncetransportedtoItaly,thestatuewaslikely“carefullyandlaboriouslyreshaped”to31theimageofthewingedlionofSt.Mark,theyadd.The32includeremovingitsoriginalhornsandaddingastone“wig”–apieceofheadwearthatsignifiespowerandauthority.33,writtenrecordsareabsent,leavingtheexactcircumstancesofitsjourneyopeninterpretation.“Thoughtheinstallationofthelionwasintendedtoprojecta(n) politicalmessage,wemaynowalsoviewitasagentlereminderoftheconnectednessofthemedievalworld,”theresearchersconclude.Ultimately,thelionisaquietwitnesstothehidden35thatoncewovetheworldtogether. A.B.C.D. A.worst-B.least-C.most-D.best- A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.breakingB.puttingC.addingD.taking A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D.SectionB(22分Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AnAustralian13-year-oldboyswam4kmtoshoreandthenrananother2kmtogethelpforhisfamily,whowerestrandedatsea.AustinAppelbeewascalled“superhuman”forwhathedid.Expertssayhisextraordinaryeffortwentbeyondwhatpeopletypicallyconsiderpossible.Austinandhisfamilywereonholidaywhensuddenlystrongwindsblewtheirboardsawayfromtheshore.Hismother,Joanne,toldhimtoswimtolandforhelp.Sheknewhewasthestrongestswimmerandthathecoulddoit.Austinfirsttriedtopaddleakayak(皮划艇),butittookontoomuchwaterinthebadweather,sohadtoabandonit.Abouttwohourslater,hetookoffhislifejacket.“Iwasdepleted,butIcouldhardlyfeelthetiredness,”hesaid.“Ijustkeptonswimming–doingbreaststroke,freestyle,andevensurvivalbackstroke.”Afterswimming4kmtoshoreinthefadinglight,theteenagerrananother2kmtohisfamily’shotel.Atabout6p.m.,heusedhismother’sphonetocallforhelp.“Itoldthem,‘Ineedhelicopters.Ineedplanes.Ineedboats.Myfamily’soutatsea.’Iwasverycalmaboutit.Ithinkitwasjustalotofshock,”herecalled.Rightafterthecall,hefaintedfromexhaustionandwastakentohospital.Hisfamilywerelaterfoundfloatingabout14kmoffshoreandrescued.Dangerousmomentscanhelppeoplegobeyondtheirlimits,andthebodyreleasesstresshormonestoassistwithshort-durationactivity.Butforaswimlastinghours,survivalbackstroke–aswimmingstyleaimedatconservingenergyinsaltwater–wascrucial.Austinstartedswimminglessonsatagefour.Hepreviouslyfoundit“quitetiring”toswimjust350meterswithoutabreak.However,thistimehemadeitandprovedtobeatruehero.WhydidAustinsetoutforhelpbyHisfamilyweretrappedfarfromtheThekayakhisfamilyusedwassinkingAstrongstormseparatedhimfromhisHetriedtoprovehewasthestrongestTheunderlinedword“depleted”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto A.cheered B.blown C.calmed D.burnedAccordingtothelastparagraph,whatenabledAustintoaccomplishthislong-durationStresshormonesreleasedindangerousSurvivalbackstrokeconservingenergyinTheencouragementhereceivedfromtherescueTheswimmingtraininghehadreceivedovertheWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheA13-year-oldBoy’sHeroic B.TheSciencebehindHumanC.AFamily’sUnexpected D.TheValueofSwimmingReadingareceiptinvolvesidentifyingthecontactinformationforthebusiness,locatingthedateandtime,reviewingtheitemizedlistofproductswithprices,andcheckingthesubtotal,taxes,andfinaltotalatthebottom.Importantdetailsalsoincludepaymentmethod(cash/card)andtheuniquereferenceFreshGrocery6MainStreetCash2–2025/5/23ThecontactinformationforthebusinessThedateoftheOnions Bread RefrigeratedButter Wholeroasted Cannedcrushedtomatoes…£2.49Rice1.4kg……………..…£6.99Chocolatebar110g…….…£1.99Papertowels2units………£1.49BeautyandHealthHandsoap……………...…Subtotal………………...…£37.17Tax……...…£2.30Total………£39.47Cash………£40.00Change……£0.53Thankyouforyourtrustandseeyounext**ClientCopyKeepthiscopyforyourThelistyouTheamountoftheThetotalamountofThetotalamounttoThepaymentmethodReturnsareallowedwiththeoriginalsalesreceiptAnyitemmaybereturnedforanexchangeorrefundwithin14daysofpurchase,provideditisinitsoriginalpackaging.Afterthisperiod,onlyexchangesareaccepted.Someexceptionsapply.Seethedetailsin-store.Return*Taxesareoneoftheprimarysourcesofincomegovernments.Themoneyisusedtofundallgovernmentspending,includingpublicservicessuchashealthcare,educationandtransportation.Whytaxcustomersandbusinesses?Itcanbelearnedfromthereceiptthat thetaxwasalreadyincludedinthethebuttermayneedtobestoredinathestoresellscookedfoodproductsthecustomerhandedovertheexactamountofIfthecustomerdecidedtoreturnthehandsoaponJune15,2025,he couldexpectafullrefundfromthewouldbeaskedtoprovideproofofshouldremembertorepackagethewouldnotbeallowedtomakeanWhatisthemainpurposeoftheToadvertisetheproductsintheToinstructstaffoncustomerTohighlightthestore’staxingToteachpeoplehowtoreadaInFrenchculture,sevenisknownasl’âgederaison–theageatwhichchildrencantellrightfromwrongandassumesomemoralresponsibility.YetFrance’snationalrailoperatorappearstodisagree.Theybelievethatchildrenmustbeatleast12tobehaveappropriatelyonatrain.Earlierthismonth,SNCF,thestate-ownedrailwaycompany,launcheditsnewOptimumPlustariff费用)onweekdayrailservicesbetweenParisandLyon,offeringlargerseats,betterfoodandnounder-12s.Designedtoattractbusinesstravellers,themovearousedcriticismandawiderdebateabouttheplaceofchildreninsociety,particularlyatatimeofdecliningbirthrates.“Wecan’tsaywe’renothavingenoughchildrenandatthesametimetrytoexcludethemfromeverywhere,”arguedSarahElHaïry,aFrenchofficial.Thosewhohaveenduredlongjourneyswithnoisychildrenmayunderstandtheappealofchild-freespaces.Butthereactionreflectsastrongculturalobjection.Francetraditionallygrantschildrenautonomyandresponsibility,prioritisingtheirintegrationintowidersociety.Childrenareexpectedtotakepartineverydayrituals,fromelaborateschoollunchestopolitegreetings.Theunderlyinglogicissimple:treatingchildrenasvalued,responsiblemembersofsocietyhelpsthembecomerespectfuladults.Excludingthemfrompublicspacesweakensthatlesson.The“nokids”rulethereforestruckanerve.SNCF,closelytiedtoFrenchidentityandsummerholidays,isgenerallyfamily-friendly.Forexample,activitypacksaredistributedtoyoungtravellers,andsummertrainsoftencarrygroupsofchildrenheadingtocamps.Afterthesocialmediastorm,SNCFstressedthatthenewtariffappliestoonly8%ofweekdayseatsononerouteandlaterremovedreferencestoaminimumage.Yetdebatecontinues.Criticsarguethatasocietyunwillingtotoleratechildrenistroubling.Thecontroversyalsoconnectswithdemographic(人口的)anxiety.AlthoughFrancestillhasoneofthehighestbirthratesintheEU,birthshavefallensharplywith24%fewerbabiesbornlastyearthanin2010.TheFrenchgovernmenthascalledforexpandingpaidparentalleaveandmaintainingextensivefamilysupport.Still,concernsaboutlivingcostsandtheclimatecrisisweighheavilyondecisionsaboutparenthood.SNCF’spolicymayaffectonlyasmallnumberofseats,butthereactionmatters.Keepingchildrenwelcomeinpublicspaceswillnotreversefallingbirthrates.Treatingthemastroubles,however,isunlikelytohelp.WhydidSNCFlaunchtheOptimumPlusToofferlargerseatstochildrenunderToappealtofrequentbusinessToencouragepublicdiscussionaboutTopromotethesaleofrailticketsonWhatcanbeinferredaboutSNCFaccordingtotheItinsistsonthe“nokids”ruledespitestrongIthaslongbeencriticizedfornotbeingfamily-IthasattemptedtosoftentheimpactofthenewItpromisestograntyoungpassengersmoreThe“nokids”policyarousespublicconcerninFrancebecause itconflictswithFrance’straditionalattitudetoithasfurtherdecreasedthebirthrateamongitlimitschildren’saccesstoallpublicitmaycausestress-relatednerveproblemsinWhatistheauthor’soverallattitudeintheNeutralandmixedaboutthepolicy’ssocialConcernedandcriticalof“no-kids”ruleonWorriedbutsupportiveofpoliciesfavouringSuspiciousyetrespectfuloftherailoperator’sSection (8分Moresurprisingly,Moresurprisingly,theanimalcanevenadjusthowshehandlestheThemulti-purposenatureoftooluseisbeyondeveryone’sHerlifecircumstancesmaytosomeextentexplainthisuniqueAnanimalmustintentionallygraspandcontrolanobjecttoachieveaTotestVeronika’sskills,researchersplacedabrushonthegroundnearHeisexcitedtoaddcowstothelistoftool-usinganimals,butnotACowShocksScientistsbyUsingaThesmartanimalclubcontinuestoaddnewmembers,andthenewestmightsurpriseyou.Inastudynewlypublished,scientistsfromtheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineanalyzedthebehaviorofapetcowinAustrianamedVeronikaandconcludedthatitqualifiesastooluse.Thedefinitionoftooluseisactuallyratherstrict.47Despiteroughly10,000yearsofhuman-cattlecoexistence,thisisthefirsttimescientistshavedocumentedacowusingatool.48Theythenrecordedwhichendshegrabbedandwhichpartofherbodyshescratched(挠)Accordingtotheresearchers,Veronikarolledouthertonguelikeacarpet,usingitsflexibletiptograbthestickandrollitintohermouth.Shethenheldthebrushsteadily,turnedherneck,andscratchedherself.Thisobservationmadescientistsreconsidercows’intelligence.49Veronika,asresearchersnoted,haddifferentpreferencesforscratchingdifferentareasofherbody.Forexample,whentargetingthesofterandmoresensitiveregionsofherlowerbody,sheswitchesovertothesmoothstickend.Moreover,whenscratchingherupperbody,Veronikauseswiderandmoreforcefulmovements,whileherlower-bodyscratchingisslower,morecareful,andhighly“ThetestconfirmedVeronika’sbehaviorwasintentionalandcontrolled,”saysRobertShumaker,anevolutionarybiologist.50Thereisalreadyevidencethatothermammalslikewaterbuffaloandgoatsareknowntoolusers.SummaryWriting10分Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Algorithm算法Algorithmfatigueisthetirednessfrombeing“perfectlytargeted”byeveryplatform.Onmultiplee-commerceapps,the“RecommendedforYou”andprecisetargetingfeaturesoncefeltlikemagic.Now,itjustseemsexhausting.Whenanalgorithmistooaccurate,itfeelslikeaspy.Theperfectcontentitgeneratesfixesoureyesonscreens;it’slikeaddictivepotatochips.Thebiggestissueisthatitremovesthe“happyaccident”.Algorithmsarelogical,buthumansareunpredictable.Whenalgorithmsgettoogood,wearetrappedinaninformationbubblethatsimplymirrorsourownopinions.Meanwhile,whenacomputerdecideswhatwesee,wearenolongerthepilotofourownattention.Ourchoicesarenolongertrulyours–theyarepredicted,shaped,andfedbacktous.Atitscore,algorithmfatiguesignalsafundamentallossofautonomy.Welosenotonlythejoyofdiscovery,butalsothecapacitytoknowwhatwemighthavechosenonourown.Lookingahead,technologyisheretostay,andalgorithmsdohelpusinmanyways.Butbalanceisneeded.Fordevelopers,thechallengeistobuildsystemsthatleaveroomfortheunexpected.Futureappscouldincludea“surpriseme”button–onethatpushesusbeyondourusualchoices.Fortherestofus,thekeyistospendlesstimeonscreens.Asksomeonenearbyforarecommendation.Walkdownastreetyou’veneverexploredwithouttakingonGPS.Algorithmfatiguerevealsalimitnotoftechnology,butofhowweuseit.Thenexttrend,therefore,isn’