南开中学校2025-2026学年高一英语上学期1月期末试题含解析

(本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。共150分。考试时间120分钟。)

第Ⅰ卷(共110分)

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷

的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatwillthewomanprobablygetnext?

A.Asmallsnack.B.Acupoftea.C.Alargemeal.

2.Whichtypeofmoviewillthespeakersseetoday?

A.Anactionmovie.B.Afunnymovie.C.Ascarymovie.

3.Whatisnewtotheman?

A.Hehasanewpartner.B.Hebecomesamanager.C.Heneedstoworkwithateam.

4.Wherearethespeakersprobably?

A.Inahouse.B.Inamuseum.C.Inastore.

5.Whatmakesthemanconfused?

A.AChinesedish.B.AChinesecharacter.C.AChinesecustom.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，

并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题;听完后，各小题将给出

5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?

A.Waystolearnnewskills.

B.Schedulesforthecomingholiday.

C.NewYear’spersonalgrowthplans.

7.Whatdoesthewomanwanttolearn?

A.Readingskills.B.Homebuilding.C.Publicspeaking.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whendidthemanbuythehouse?

A.Threemonthsago.B.Sixmonthsago.C.Ninemonthsago.

9.Whatisthewoman’sfutureplanforherlivingplace?

A.Sharinganapartmentwithothers.

B.Buyinganewhousedowntown.

C.Movingawayfromthecity.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Familymembers.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Schoolfriends.

11.Whattypeofmusicdoesthewomanlike?

A.Rockmusic.B.Countrymusic.C.Classicalmusic.

12.Whatdidthemandoduringhisholiday?

A.Hevisitedhisgrandparents.

B.Hewenttoamusicfestival.

C.Heappliedforajob.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Howdidthewomanfeelatthebeginning?

A.Amazed.B.Concerned.C.Angry.

14.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoshowtheman?

A.Hertalent.B.Hercareer.C.Herskill.

15.Whatroledoesthemanvaluemost?

A.Beingasuccessfulbusinessman.

B.Beingagreattennisplayer.

C.Beingarolemodel.

16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

A.Pushherselfharder.B.Trytoenjoychallenges.C.Restandrelaxmoreoften.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whenistheannouncementprobablymade?

A.Intheearlymorning.B.Atmid-afternoon.C.Atnight.

18.Whoisthespeaker?

A.Ahotelowner.B.Atourguide.C.Abusdriver.

19.Whathasbeenpreparedforthelisteners?

A.Hats.B.Sunglasses.C.Suncream.

20.Whichactivitywillcostextramoney?

A.Enjoyingaboattrip.B.Goingswimming.C.Playingbeachvolleyball.

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

DiscoverPu’er:WhereTeaCultureMeetsNaturalWonders

NestledinsouthwestYunnan,Pu’erisahiddengem(宝石)thatoffersaperfectblendof

richteaculture,stunningnaturallandscapes,anddiverseethnictraditions.Asthebirthplace

oftheworld-famousPu’ertea,thisregioninvitestravelerstoimmersethemselvesinaunique

culturalexperience.

Must-visitAttractions

TheJingmaiMountainAncientTeaForest,aUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,features28,000acres

ofthousand-year-oldteatreeshiddeninmist.ThereyoucanwanderthroughtraditionalDaiand

BalangethnicvillageslikeNuoganandWengji,whereyoucanwitnessauthentictea-making

traditionsandenjoybreathtakingviewsoftheseaofclouds.

Pu’erSunRiverForestParkoffersanincrediblewildlifeexperiencewithits94.5%forest

coverage.Getupclosewithredpandas,whiterhinos,anddiverseflorawhilehikingthrough

subtropicalrainforests.Thepark’shighoxygencontentmakesitawonderfuloxygenbarfor

rejuvenation.

CulturalImmersion

ExploretheTeaHorseAncientRoad,anancienttraderoutethatconnectedChinawithSoutheast

Asia.Visitthewell-preservedNakeliTeaHorsePostStationtolearnaboutcaravan(商队)history

andexperiencetraditionalcraftslikerarewoodcarvingandfabricdyeing.

CoffeeParadise

Beyondtea,Pu’erisalsoChina’scoffeecapital.VisitcoffeeplantationslikeXiaoAozi

CoffeeEstatetolearnaboutcoffeecultivationandenjoyhand-brewedYunnansmall-graincoffee.

Theregion’suniqueclimateproducesbeanswithtropicalfruitqualitiesandcaramelrichness.

PracticalTips

ThebesttimetovisitisfromOctobertoAprilwhentheweatherispleasant.Allow3-5days

tofullexperiencePu’er’shighlights.Don’tmisslocalspecialtieslikechickentofu,

Dai-stylegrilledfish,andsourricenoodles.Accommodationrangesfromcityhotelstotraditional

homestaysinethnicvillages.

Pu’eroffersaslowerpaceoflifewhereyoucansipteainancientvillages,hikethrough

pristineforest,andconnectwithdiverseethniccultures—atrulyauthenticYunnanexperience.

1.WhichactivityisunavailableattheJingmaiMountainAncientTeaForest?

A.Gettingclosetowildlife.

B.Seeingcenturies-oldteatrees.

C.Visitingtraditionalethnicvillages.

D.Observinggenuinetea-makingcustoms.

2.Whichplaceshouldatravelerwhowantstoengageintraditionalcraftschoose?

A.XiaoAoziCoffeeEstate.

B.Pu’erSunRiverForestPark.

C.NakeliTeaHorsePostStation.

D.TheJingmaiMountainAncientTeaForest.

3.WhatdoweknowabouttravelinginPu’er?

A.Itmainlyattractsexpertsinteaorplants.

B.Itrequiresahighlevelofphysicalfitness.

C.Itoffersarichmixofactivitiesinonetrip.

D.Itisbestforthosewhoenjoyfast-pacedcitylife.

【答案】1.A2.C3.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了位于云南西南部的普洱，同时详细介绍了当地必游景点、文

化沉浸体验、咖啡特色及旅行实用建议等内容。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据Must-visitAttractions的“TheJingmaiMountainAncientTeaForest,aUNESCOWorld

Heritagesite,features28,000acresofthousand-year-oldteatreeshiddeninmist.Thereyou

canwanderthroughtraditionalDaiandBalangethnicvillageslikeNuoganandWengji,whereyou

canwitnessauthentictea-makingtraditionsandenjoybreathtakingviewsoftheseaofclouds.(景

迈山古茶林是联合国教科文组织世界遗产，拥有28000英亩藏于薄雾中的千年茶树。在那里，你可以漫步

于诺干、翁基等传统傣、布朗族村落，在那里你能目睹正宗的制茶传统，欣赏令人惊叹的云海景观)”可知，

景迈山古茶林可开展的活动包括观赏千年茶树、参观传统民族村落、目睹正宗制茶习俗，“近距离接触野

生动物”并非该景点可体验的活动。故选A项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据CulturalImmersion中的“Visitthewell-preservedNakeliTeaHorsePostStation

tolearnaboutcaravan(商队)historyandexperiencetraditionalcraftslikerarewoodcarving

andfabricdyeing.(参观保存完好的那柯里茶马驿站，了解商队历史，体验稀有木雕、织物染色等传统工

艺)”可知，想要体验传统工艺的游客，应选择那柯里茶马驿站。故选C项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，普洱涵盖茶文化体验（景迈山古茶林、茶马古道）、自然景观游览（普洱

太阳河森林公园、云海景观）、传统工艺体验（那柯里茶马驿站）、咖啡文化体验（小凹子咖啡庄园）等多

种活动，还有丰富的当地美食和多样的住宿选择。结合最后一段中的“Pu’eroffersaslowerpaceoflife

whereyoucansipteainancientvillages,hikethroughpristineforest,andconnectwithdiverse

ethniccultures—atrulyauthenticYunnanexperience.(普洱有着悠闲的生活节奏，你可以在古村

落品茶，在原始森林徒步，感受多样的民族文化——这是一次真正地道的云南体验)”可推断，在普洱旅行，

一次行程能体验丰富多样的活动。故选C项。

B

FanJinshi,knownas“theDaughterofDunhuang”,wasborninBeijingin1938anddeveloped

apassionforculturalrelicsunderherfather’sinfluence,aTsinghuaUniversitygraduatedevoted

toclassicalart.In1958,sheachievedaremarkablemilestonebygainingadmissiontoPeking

University,wheresheburiedherselfinthestudyofarchaeology.Itwasduringaninternship

in1962thatshefirststeppedintheMogaoGrottoesandinstantlyfellundertheirspell.

Fascinatedbythebreathtakingmuralsandsculpturesthatborewitnesstocenturiesofhistory,

shemadealife-changingdecision:todevoteherlifetoguardingthisunparalleledcultural

treasureafterhergraduationin1963.

Lifeintheremotedesertwasfarfromeasy.Fiercesandstormsswepttherewithoutwarning,

leavingeverythinginaveilofdust;thelivingareaswerespartan,lackingevenbasiccomforts;

andthelong,painfulseparationfromherfamilythousandsofmilesawayweighedheavilyonher

heart.However,shenevergaveup.

Foroverhalfacentury,shepouredherheartandsoulintotheresearchofthegrottoes,

leadingherteamtofinishclassifyingmostcavesaccordingtohistoricalperiods,anachievement

thatlaidasolidfoundationforfuturearchaeologicalstudies,andcompiling(编纂)thefirst

volumeofTheCompleteWorksofDunhuangGrottoes.Beyondheracademicachievements,FanJinshi

stoodasapioneerinculturalrelicprotection.Facingnaturalerosionandtouristpressures,

Fansparednoefforttoadvocateforlegalprotection.Herpersistenteffortspaidoffwhenthe

RegulationsontheProtectionoftheMogaoGrottoeswasofficiallymade,whichprovidesalegal

protectionforthesite.What’smore,shedaredtoembraceinnovation,launchingthe

groundbreaking“DigitalDunhuang”project,whichallowspeoplearoundtheglobetoadmire

Dunhuang’scharmonlinewithoutsettingfootinthedesert,thusensuringthepermanent

preservationandsustainablelegacyofthisculturalgem.

Nowwellintohereighties,shestillburnswithapassionatedevotiontoDunhuang’scultural

heritage.Thoughherstepshaveslowedandherhairhasturnedgray,shecontinuestoofferguidance

ongrottoconservation,deliverlecturestoinspiretheyoungergeneration,andtirelesslypromote

Dunhuangculturetotheworld.

4.WhendidFanJinshidecidetoguardtheMogaoGrottoes?

A.Sinceinfluencedbyherfatherin1938.

B.WhenadmittedtoPekingUniversityin1958.

C.Duringherinternshipin1962.

D.Afterhergraduationin1963.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spartan”inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Simpleandtough.

B.Comfortableandwarm.

C.Farawayandquiet.

D.Hugeandconvenient.

6.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Fan’seffortsanddevotiontofightingagainstovertourism.

B.Fan’spersistenceinstudyingthesplendidDunhuangculture.

C.Fan’spioneeringspirittoovercometheprofessionalchallenge.

D.Fan’sacademicachievementsandcontributionstothegrottoes’protection.

7.WhatcanwelearnaboutFanJinshifromthelastparagraph?

A.Shehasstoppedworkingduetoherage.

B.Shestayspassionateandcontinuesherwork.

C.Shefocusesmainlyonacademicresearchatpresent.

D.Shegiveslecturesinsteadofworkingonthegrottoes.

【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了樊锦诗一生致力于守护和研究敦煌莫高窟的贡献与精神。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“Itwasduringaninternshipin1962thatshefirststeppedintheMogao

Grottoesandinstantlyfellundertheirspell.Fascinatedbythebreathtakingmuralsandsculptures

thatborewitnesstocenturiesofhistory,shemadealife-changingdecision:todevoteherlife

toguardingthisunparalleledculturaltreasureafterhergraduationin1963.(1962年的一次实

习，让她首次踏入莫高窟，瞬间便被这里的一切深深吸引。那些见证了数百年历史、令人叹为观止的壁画

与雕塑，让她心驰神往，也让她做出了改变一生的决定：1963年毕业后，她要毕生守护这份举世无双的文

化瑰宝)”可知，樊锦诗是在1962年实习期间决定守护莫高窟的。故选C。

【5题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Lifeintheremotedesertwasfarfromeasy.Fiercesandstormsswept

therewithoutwarning,leavingeverythinginaveilofdust;thelivingareaswerespartan,lacking

evenbasiccomforts;andthelong,painfulseparationfromherfamilythousandsofmilesaway

weighedheavilyonherheart.(偏远沙漠中的生活远非易事。猛烈的沙尘暴毫无预兆地席卷而来，让一

切都笼罩在尘土之中；生活区是spartan，甚至缺乏基本的舒适设施；与远在千里之外的家人长期痛苦的分

离让她心如刀绞)”可知，生活区条件简陋，缺乏基本的舒适设施，所以spartan意思是“简陋而艰苦的”。

故选A。

【6题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Foroverhalfacentury,shepouredherheartandsoulintotheresearch

ofthegrottoes,leadingherteamtofinishclassifyingmostcavesaccordingtohistoricalperiods,

anachievementthatlaidasolidfoundationforfuturearchaeologicalstudies,andcompiling(编

纂)thefirstvolumeofTheCompleteWorksofDunhuangGrottoes.Beyondheracademicachievements,

FanJinshistoodasapioneerinculturalrelicprotection.(半个多世纪以来，她全身心投入到石

窟的研究中，带领团队完成了大部分洞窟按历史时期的分类工作，这一成就为未来的考古研究奠定了坚实

的基础，并编纂了《敦煌石窟全集》第一卷。除了学术成就外，樊锦诗还是文物保护的先驱)”可知，第三

段主要讲述了樊锦诗的学术成就以及对石窟保护的贡献。故选D。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nowwellintohereighties,shestillburnswithapassionatedevotion

toDunhuang’sculturalheritage.Thoughherstepshaveslowedandherhairhasturnedgray,she

continuestoofferguidanceongrottoconservation,deliverlecturestoinspiretheyounger

generation,andtirelesslypromoteDunhuangculturetotheworld.(如今，她已年过八旬，但仍然

对敦煌文化遗产充满热情。尽管她的脚步变慢了，头发也变白了，但她继续为石窟保护提供指导，发表演

讲激励年轻一代，并不知疲倦地向世界推广敦煌文化)”可知，樊锦诗仍然充满热情，继续她的工作。故选

B。

C

NewresearchsuggestspeoplemaynotalwayswanthelpinstickingtotheirNewYear’s

resolutions,challengingthecommonviewofa“planner-doer”conflictinbehavioralscience.

AteamfromUKandGermanuniversitiessurveyed240adultstoexplorehowpeopleidentify

withtheir“planner”(self-control-focused)and“doer”(desire-driven)selves.Publishedin

BehavioralPublicPolicy,thestudyfoundthatwhileparticipantsdifferedintherelative

importancetheyattachedtodesireandself-control,overall,attitudesinfavourofdesirewere

almostascommonasattitudesinfavourofself-control.

Publicpoliciesdesignedto“push”peopletowardshealthylifestylesareoftenbasedon

thegroundsthatpeoplethinkoftheirplannersastheirtrueselvesanddisliketheactionsof

theirdoers.However,intheirstudypublishedtodayinthejournalBehavioralPublicPolicy,

theauthorsarguethisassumptionoverlooksthepossibilitythatpeoplevaluedesireaswellas

self-controlandapproveoftheirownflexibleattitudestoresolutions.

RobertSugden,aprofessorofeconomicsatUEA,said,“Ourkeymessageisnotaboutwhether

pushestowardshealthylifestylesaregoodforpeople’slong-termhealthorhappiness.Itis

aboutwhethersuchpushescanbebasedonthegroundsthattheyhelpindividualstoovercomewhat

theythemselvesacknowledgeasself-controlproblems.”Forexample,respondentsfavoreddesire

forsugarydrinksordessertsyetprioritizedself-controlforexercise—viewingsmall

indulgences(放纵)aspositiveexpressionsofdesire.

Intheonlinesurvey,participantsrecalledeitherajoyfulmealorasatisfyinghealtheffort,

thenexpressedtheiropinionsaboutself-controlanddesire.Surprisingly,thedifferencesin

recalledepisodedidn’tsignificantlyaffecttheirattitudes.Mostagreedbothlong-termplanning

andoccasionalsmalljoyswereimportant.

Thestudyconcludesidentifyingwhenpeoplewanthelpwithself-controlismorecomplexthan

thought,emphasizingthatdesiresdeserveequalattention.Breakingahealth-orientedresolution

byorderingadessertisperhapsamorepositivewaythannottakingone’sdailyrunonawet

day.

8.Whatdoesthe“planner-doer”conflictreferto?

A.Thedifferencebetweenformalandinformalhelp.

B.Theconflictbetweenindividualandpublicinterests.

C.Thecontrastbetweenpastexperiencesandfutureplans.

D.Thegapbetweenlong-termgoalsandshort-termdesires.

9.Whydopublicpolicies“push”peopletowardhealthylifestyles?

A.Topromotedesireindailylife.

B.Toreducesocialpressureonindividuals.

C.Tohelppeopleovercomeself-controlproblems.

D.Tobalanceshort-termjoysandlong-termhealth

10.Whatdidthestudyfindaboutdesire?

A.Itisvaluedalmostasmuchasself-control.

B.Itisstronglyinfluencedbypastexperiences.

C.Itislessimportantthanself-controlforhealth.

D.Itismainlyexpressedthroughskippingexercise.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.AllpeopleregretbreakingtheirNewYear’sresolutions.

B.Smallindulgencesareseenasharmfulbymostparticipants.

C.The“push”policiesmaynotagreewithpeople’sactualneeds.

D.Pasthappymealsmakepeoplelesslikelytovalueself-control.

【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新的研究表明人们在坚持新年决心时不一定总需要帮助，“计

划者-执行者”冲突比想象中复杂。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Newresearchsuggestspeoplemaynotalwayswanthelpinstickingtotheir

NewYear’sresolutions,challengingthecommonviewofa“planner-doer”conflictinbehavioral

science.(新的研究表明，人们在坚持新年决心时可能并不总是需要帮助，这对行为科学中“计划者-执行

者”冲突的普遍观点提出了挑战)”以及第二段“AteamfromUKandGermanuniversitiessurveyed240

adultstoexplorehowpeopleidentifywiththeir“planner”(self-control-focused)and“doer”

(desire-driven)selves.(一个来自英国和德国大学的团队对240名成年人进行了调查，以探究人们如何

认同自己的“计划者”（以自我控制为中心）和“执行者”（以欲望驱动）身份)”可知，“计划者-执行

者”冲突指的是长期目标与短期欲望之间的差距。故选D。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Publicpoliciesdesignedto“push”peopletowardshealthylifestyles

areoftenbasedonthegroundsthatpeoplethinkoftheirplannersastheirtrueselvesanddislike

theactionsoftheirdoers.(旨在“推动”人们走向健康生活方式的公共政策，往往是基于人们认为自

己的计划者才是真正的自我，而不喜欢执行者的行为)”以及第四段“Itisaboutwhethersuchpushescan

bebasedonthegroundsthattheyhelpindividualstoovercomewhattheythemselvesacknowledge

asself-controlproblems.(问题是，这种推动是否可以基于它们帮助个人克服他们自己承认的自我控制

问题)”可知，公共政策推动人们走向健康生活方式是为了帮助人们克服自我控制问题。故选C。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“PublishedinBehavioralPublicPolicy,thestudyfoundthatwhile

participantsdifferedintherelativeimportancetheyattachedtodesireandself-control,overall,

attitudesinfavourofdesirewerealmostascommonasattitudesinfavourofself-control.(发

表在《行为公共政策》上，这个研究发现，虽然参与者对欲望和自我控制的重视程度不同，但总体而言，

支持欲望的态度和支持自我控制的态度几乎同样普遍)”可知，研究发现欲望几乎和自我控制一样受到重视。

故选A。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“However,intheirstudypublishedtodayinthejournalBehavioralPublic

Policy,theauthorsarguethisassumptionoverlooksthepossibilitythatpeoplevaluedesireas

wellasself-controlandapproveoftheirownflexibleattitudestoresolutions.(然而，在今天

发表在《行为公共政策》杂志上的研究中，作者认为这一假设忽略了人们既重视欲望又重视自我控制，并

认可自己对决心持灵活态度的可能性)”以及最后一段“Thestudyconcludesidentifyingwhenpeople

wanthelpwithself-controlismorecomplexthanthought,emphasizingthatdesiresdeserveequal

attention.(研究得出结论，确定人们何时需要自我控制方面的帮助比想象中更为复杂，强调欲望同样值得

关注)”可推断出，“推动”政策可能并不符合人们的实际需求。故选C。

D

Russiaiswidelyportrayedasthemostalcohol-dependentcountryintheworld.Criticsof

thecountrysaythatdrinkingisalmostaninborntraitoftheRussianpeople.However,there

ismoretothestory.

TheconsumptionofalcoholicbeverageswasunusualinancientRussia.Beforetheadoption

ofChristianityinRussiainthe10thcentury,therewerenovineyards(葡萄园)andtherefore

nowine.Peopleonlydrankbeverageswithlowalcoholcontent.Vodka,Russia’snationaldrink,

wasnotaRussianinvention.TheliquidwasoriginallyagrapealcoholintroducedfromFrance

inthelate14thcentury.ThefirstRussian-madevodkaappearedinthe15thcentury,andthedrink

remainedrelativelylowinalcoholcontentuntilthemid-18thcentury.

ThereiscontradictoryinformationaboutRussians’preferenceforalcoholinthe15thand

16thcenturies.SomedocumentsnotedthatRussians“indulgeinexcessivedrinkingwheneverthe

occasionarises,”whileothersclaimedthatRussians“rarelydrinkwine.”Theheaviestdrinkers

inmedievalEuropewereactuallyGermans.Thereweremanysayingsabouttheirdesireforalcohol,

suchas“drunkasaGerman.”

TheRussianstateplayedasignificantroleinthespreadofalcoholconsumptioninthecountry.

Inthe19thcentury,theemperorsbegantoestablishastatemonopoly(垄断),largelyduetothe

riseofillegalproductionoflow-qualityvodka.Thus,onlythegovernmentwaspermittedtoproduce

thealcohol.Thissoonearnedthestatehugeprofits,butitalsoencouragedvodkaconsumption.

Thesituationworsenedwhentheindustrialproductionofvodkabeganinthecountry,causingits

pricestodropsharplyandmakingitavailabletoevenlow-incomecitizens.

Meanwhile,apowerfulanti-alcoholmovementstartedinthe19thcentury.Governmentpolicies

weremadeandpublicorganizationsestablishedtopreventthespreadofalcoholisminthecountry.

Themovementcontinuedovertheyears;however,theproblemremains.AlthoughRussiadoesnot

occupyfirstplacewhenitcomestoalcoholconsumptionperperson,itisstillclosetothetop.

12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthesecondparagraphinthepassage?

A.TodiscussthecontentofalcoholicdrinksinancientEurope

B.TohighlighttheFrenchimpactonRussians’drinkinghabits.

C.ToargueagainsttheassumptionthatRussiansareborndrinkers.

D.TolinkRussians’vodkaconsumptiontotheiradoptionofChristianity.

13.Whatdoweknowaboutvodkaproduction?

A.VodkaproductioninRussiastartedinthe15thcentury.

B.ThefirstvodkamadefromwheatwasimportedfromFrance.

C.GermanywasthebiggestvodkaproducerinmedievalEurope.

D.Russianpeoplewereencouragedtomaketheirownvodkainthe19thcentury.

14.Whatdoestheunderlined“This”inthefourthparagraphreferto?

A.Thealcohol.B.Thegovernment.

C.Theillegalproduction.D.Thestatemonopoly.

15.Howdoestheauthorconcludethepassageinthelastparagraph?

A.Byprovidingfurtherfacts.

B.Bysummarizingthemainideas.

C.Byraisinganewproblem.

D.Bymakingafutureprediction.

【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了俄罗斯并非天生就是酗酒国家，并介绍了其酒精消费的历史、

原因及现状。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“TheconsumptionofalcoholicbeverageswasunusualinancientRussia.

BeforetheadoptionofChristianityinRussiainthe10thcentury,therewerenovineyards(葡

萄园)andthereforenowine.Peopleonlydrankbeverageswithlowalcoholcontent.Vodka,Russia’s

nationaldrink,wasnotaRussianinvention.Theliquidwasoriginallyagrapealcoholintroduced

fromFranceinthelate14thcentury.ThefirstRussian-madevodkaappearedinthe15thcentury,

andthedrinkremainedrelativelylowinalcoholcontentuntilthemid-18thcentury.(在古俄罗

斯，饮用酒精饮料并不常见。在10世纪俄罗斯接受基督教之前，没有葡萄园，因此也没有葡萄酒。人们只

喝低酒精含量的饮料。伏特加，俄罗斯的国酒，不是俄罗斯人发明的。这种液体最初是14世纪末从法国引

进的葡萄酒精。俄罗斯制造的第一批伏特加出现在15世纪，直到18世纪中期，这种酒的酒精含量仍然相

对较低)”可知，第二段的主要目的是反驳俄罗斯人生来就是酒鬼的假设。故选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“ThefirstRussian-madevodkaappearedinthe15thcentury,andthedrink

remainedrelativelylowinalcoholcontentuntilthemid-18thcentury.(俄罗斯制造的第一批伏特

加出现在15世纪，直到18世纪中期，这种酒的酒精含量仍然相对较低)”可知，俄罗斯的伏特加生产始于

15世纪。故选A。

【14题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第四段“Inthe19thcentury,theemperorsbegantoestablishastatemonopoly

(垄断),largelyduetotheriseofillegalproductionoflow-qualityvodka.Thus,onlythe

governmentwaspermittedtoproducethealcohol.(19世纪，皇帝们开始建立国家垄断，主要是由于非

法生产劣质伏特加的兴起。因此，只有政府被允许生产这种酒)”可知，只有政府被允许生产这种酒，这很

快为国家赚取了巨额利润，但同时也鼓励了伏特加的消费。所以this指代的是“国家垄断”。故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile,apowerfulanti-alcoholmovementstartedinthe19thcentury.

Governmentpoliciesweremadeandpublicorganizationsestablishedtopreventthespreadof

alcoholisminthecountry.Themovementcontinuedovertheyears;however,theproblemremains.

AlthoughRussiadoesnotoccupyfirstplacewhenitcomestoalcoholconsumptionperperson,it

isstillclosetothetop.(与此同时，一场强大的反酒精运动在19世纪开始。政府制定了政策，建立

了公共组织，以防止酗酒在该国的蔓延。多年来，这场运动一直在继续；然而，问题依然存在。尽管俄罗

斯的人均酒精消费量并非第一，但仍接近榜首)”可知，作者先介绍反酒精运动的举措，再通过提供俄罗斯

人均饮酒量的实际情况这一事实来收尾。故选A。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

CultivatingYourInnerHumanist:AGuideforScienceStudents

Forhighschoolstudentsmajoringinscience,equations,experimentsanddataoftendominate

theiracademiclives.However,nurturinghumanisticliteracy(人文素养)isequallyvital—it

enrichesperspectives,fosterscreativityandbuildsamorebalancedintellectualfoundation.

____16____.

Startwithstrategicreading

Youdon’tneedtoreadclassicnovelscover-to-coverovernight.____17____.Reada

thought-provokingessayfromTheAtlanticontechnology’ssocietalimpact.Explorebiographies

ofscientistslikeMarieCurieorAlanTuring,whichshowhowpersonalbeliefandhistoricalcontext

shapediscovery.Thegoalistoregularlyencounternarratives,philosophicalquestions,and

ethical(伦理的)dilemmasthatchallengeapurelytechnicalviewpoint.

____18____

Movebeyondmemorizingfacts.AfterreadinganarticleonAI,writeashortparagraphanalyzing

itspotentialsocietalimpact.Discussahistoricaleventanditsconnectiontoascientific

discovery.Thispracticebuildsyourabilitytothinkcritically,expresssubtlethoughts,and

formreasonedarguments—skillsessentialforfutureresearchandleadership.

Engageindeliberatedialogue

____19____.Joinadebateclub,aphilosophydiscussiongroup,oryourschoolnewspaper.When

discussingclimatechange,forinstance,practiceexpressingclearlynotjustthedata,butalso

itseconomicandethicaldimensions.Listentoperspectivesfromstudentsinhistoryorartclasses.

____20____,avitalskillforanyleader.

Inessence,humanisticliteracyisnotadistractionfromsciencestudies—itisapowerful

toolthatempowersyoungscientiststobecomethoughtful,well-roundedcontributorstosociety.

A.Practicereflectivethinking

B.Schedulemicro-readingdaily

C.Beginwithaccessible,high-impactworks

D.Seekconversationsoutsidethesciencelab

E.Trytomemorizeasmanyclassicalquotationsaspossible

F.Thisteachesyoutocommunicatecomplexideastodiverseaudiences

G.Theearliersciencestudentsstartcultivatinghumanisticliteracy,thewiderandsharpertheir

mindsbecome

【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.D20.F

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了理科高中生如何培养人文素养及其重要性。

【16题详解】

由上文“Forhighschoolstudentsmajoringinscience,equations,experimentsanddataoften

dominatetheiracademiclives.However,nurturinghumanisticliteracy(人文素养)isequallyvital

—itenrichesperspectives,fosterscreativityandbuildsamorebalancedintellectualfoundation.

(对于主修理科的高中生来说，方程、实验和数据往往主宰着他们的学术生活。然而，培养人文素养同样重

要——它能丰富视野，培养创造力，构建更均衡的知识基础。)”可知，上文强调了培养人文素养的重要性，

本