2023年新高考Ⅰ卷英语试题

绝密★考试启用前

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I卷）

英语

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中

选出最佳选项。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Yousee

muchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemost

economical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,with

itsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.You

canalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthe

biggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover

2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategic

locations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailablefor

you.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,including

basicbikeswithfootbrake（刹车）,bikeswithhandbrake

andgears（排挡）,bikeswithchildseats,andchildren'sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeFootBrake,No

GearsGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€11.00€7.50

1day(24hours)€14.75€9.75

Eachadditional€8.00€6.00

day

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,the

SkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryand

muchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhour

onthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.Youcanbuyyour

ticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmany

typesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500

rentalshops.

22.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhand

brakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D

€29.50.

23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinny

Bridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethe

woodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclear

afterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderif

thisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeoplewere

making.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesin

college,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细

菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?

Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,

maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.He

decidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmful

substancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,heconstructeda

seriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Then

hewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbrought

backsomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanks

andwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegot

usedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Aftera

fewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsin

theeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!

Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleft

waspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.He

developedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污

水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesigned

aneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityin

southeastChina.

^Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathe

does."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsforthe

inventor,“hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationships

andobservewhafshappening.Thenyouletthesenew

systemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.^

24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwo

paragraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeing

alone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobea

doctor.

25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildan

ecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totestthe

eco-machine.

26.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

27.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneed

watertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreatures

liveingroups.

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigital

minimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasks

andwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthis

philosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,

Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigital

minimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthat

aremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasingly

intolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthe

digitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggested

methodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.

Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonline

activitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,you

willthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonline

activitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothe

thingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Filguideyouthrough

carryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'll

drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600

peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llhear

theseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworked

wellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyou

shouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsome

ideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培养）asustainabledigital

minimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuch

astheimportanceofsolitude（独处）andthenecessityof

cultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnow

spendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswitha

collectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouacton

thebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasa

toolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalist

lifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.

28.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.

B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.

D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph

3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.

Take-over.

30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththe

practicesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemto

friends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideas

behindthem.

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancis

Galtonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometo

beknownasthe"wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperiment

ofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,the

averageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbe

quiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeople

makeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.

Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,they

canceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.

Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,then

theirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnical

terms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimates

beindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrors

becomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyofthe

estimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedan

interestingtwist（转折）onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekey

findingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurther

dividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremore

accuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromthe

estimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantly

moreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20

independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,the

researcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroup

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogo

withthosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didthey

followthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?This

happenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey

“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether."Somehow,these

argumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductionin

error.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitations

andmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsfor

groupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.

B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.

D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

33.Navajas9studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycould

increaseevenif

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall

B.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicate

D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.

B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.

D.Theindividualestimates.

35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas5studies?

A.Unclear.

B.Dismissive.

C.Doubtful.

D.Approving.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12・5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,but

don'tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr（犯错）ishuman.

36Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyou

dothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading

"Personalstrengths.”37Areyoucaring?Creative?

Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon't

havetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonality

thatyou'reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsof

kindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou've

doneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpeda

friendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironing

withoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthe

familyhadhadatiringday.38

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddto

yourlist.39

Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseach

ofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshine

through.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketo

trythis-it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatany

time.

It'ssomethingofacliche（陈词滥调）thatmostpeople

learnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thething

is,ifstrue.40We'reallchangingandlearningall

thetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopand

grow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeabout

yourself.

C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingthe

exercise.

D.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsome

forgiveness.

E.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhafshappened

orforgetit.

F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,

writeitdown.

G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixed

aspectofyourpersonality.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中

选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedina

cross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave

41thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her42came

becauseshewascarryinga43acrosstheHnishline.

Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethan

two-thirdsofthewaythroughher44whenarunner

infrontofherbegancryinginpain.She45tohelp

herfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmto

seeifshecouldwalkforwardwith46,Shecouldn't.

Baileythen47toletLenoueclimbontoherback

andcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother

300feettowhereLenouecouldget48attention.

Oncethere,Lenouewas49andlatertakentoa

hospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesin

oneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme

50tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey's

help.

AsforBailey,sheismore51aboutwhyheract

isconsideredabig52,"Shewasjustcrying.I

couldn't53her,“Baileytoldthereporter.feellike

Iwasjustdoingtherightthing.”

Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbefore

the54.they'vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwonthe

race,butthe55ofhumankindnesswontheday.

41.A.designedB.followedC.changed

D.finished

42.A.delayB・chanceC.trouble

D.excuse

43.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmate

D.competitor

44.A.raceB.schoolC.town

D.training

45.A.agreedB.returnedC.stopped

D.promised

46.A.courageB.aidC.patience

D.advice

47.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedaside

D.bentdown

48.A.medicalB.publicC.constant

D.equal

49.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identified

D.appreciated

50.A.hungerB.painC.cold

D.tiredness

51.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confused

D.discouraged

52.A.gameB.problemC.lesson

D.deal

53.A.leaveB.cureC.bother

D.understand

54.A.rideB.testC.meet

D.show

55.A.secretB.displayC.benefit

D.exchange

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单

词的正确形式。

Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazing

constructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,

56(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandaway

myfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrive

steaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhaveto

decidewhether

57(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestream

andriskingaspill(溢出)，58toputthewhole

dumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeon

yourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe59(recognize)

homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactually

pointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiao

longbao'sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepared

differently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthe

wrappersarepressed60handratherthanrolled.

Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,

allowingthem61(lift)outofthesteamerbasket

withoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof62

(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith63

touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.

NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris64

(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft

65(want)morenexttime.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组,

让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外

教写一封邮件，内容包括：

1.说明问题；

2.提出建议。

注意：L写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearRyan,

I'mLiHuafromClass3.

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,

使之构成一篇完整的短文。

WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudies

teacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontest,Isaidno

withoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.Myfamilycame

fromBrazil,soEnglishwasonlymysecondlanguage.

Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmy

teacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthe

sinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,whereIplayed

alltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.

So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingat

whichIwassuretofail?Hisreply:"Becau