Analysis-of-the-Main-Idea-according-to-the-Passage-Structures-高中-英语-教学设计

PAGEAnalysisoftheMainIdeaaccordingtothePassageStructures陈静西安铁一中滨河高级中学一.教材分析（一）教材的地位及作用依据高中英语教学大纲，主旨大意是学生必备的基本素养。本节课旨在从全文的角度出发，概述主旨大意，从而更好地为学生分析文章细节以及推理判断做好基础。（二）教学目标1.以小组为单位自主讨论，增加学生的概括能力。2.归纳总结以及实际应用四种教学方法。3.掌握四种技巧；4.将所学应用在实际练习中。（三）教学重点及难点1.本节课的重点：通过四段例文来总结四种做题技巧。2.本节课的难点：将所学运用到实际答题过程中。二.教法渗透演绎法：通过呈现四中教学方法，使学生更加明晰其用法并在实际中应用。三.学情分析1.知识基础学生在完成了大量阅读理解题目后，发现主旨大意题目是难点后，我们在学生由学习难点，疑惑点的情况下对主旨大意题进行剖析。2.思维能力学生有较强的合作力，能根据探究问题互相合作，取长补短。3.认知心理学生有较强的求知欲和表现欲，但小部分学生存在不自信，不善于表现。结构化的教学流程更方便学生理解本课的重难点。四.学法指导通过故事引入主题主旨大意的概念，通过演绎的手法使学生总结主旨大意题目的四种解答方法，最后通过练习来实现巩固提高。五.教学程序设计环节一导入新课Goodmorning,mydearstudents. Thisclassisabouttheanalysisofthemainideaaccordingtothepassagestructures.IreallyhopewhatIgiveyoutodaywouldbenefityoualot.Inthisclass,thereisashortstoryhelpingyouunderstandthemeaningofmainideaandyou`dbettermakeitclearwhatkindsofquestioninthetestpaperbelongstoitbeforeanalyzingthemainideaofapassageaccordingtothepassagestructures.环节二自主探究检测Firstly，let`sreadthekeywordsinthesequestionstogether,includingmainidea,maintheme,Whatismainlydiscussed,whichisbestsupportedbythetext,mainlyfocuseson,thebesttitle,whatisthetopic.Amongthesefivequestions,youknow,usually,wefindthiskindofexercisefocusesonthetitleandthemainidea,butinadditiontothebesttitleandmainidea,wemayoccasionallymeetwithintention,right?Purpose?Oreventheauthor`sattitude.环节三课堂合作探究Today,wefocusonhowtoconcludethemainideaandhowtochoosethebesttitleaccordingtotheparagraphstructures,chiefly.Briefly,therearefourkindsofstructuresinthischapter.Firstly,inverted-trianglestructure,inthiskindofpassage,heauthorproposesthetopicattheverybeginning,thenusedetailstoexplain,supportorevendeveloptheideaexpressedinthetopicsentence.ThisisthemostcommonwayofdeductivewritinginEnglish.依据倒三角形写作法，锁定文首找主题句。开门见山提出主题，随之用细节支撑，归属于演绎的写作法。Secondly,trianglestructure,inthiskindofpassage,thetopicsentencecomesattheendofthearticle.Afterdetails,theauthorconcludesthetopicbysummarizingkeypoints,recommendations,orresults.ThisisthemostcommonwayofwritingbyinductioninEnglish.文章正三角写作法，主题句常出现在文末，在细节后，归纳要点，建议和结果，这是归纳法的写作形式Thirdly,rhombusstructure,inthiskindofpassage,usually,onlyaquestionisraisedinfrontofthetext,andthetopicofthetextisderivedfromthedetailsorlogicalextensionthatfollow,andthenitisfurtherexplained,supported,ordeveloped.文章菱形写作法，通常前面只提出问题，主题由随之而来的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，之后再进一步解释。Fourthly,squarestructure,inthiskindofpassage,thetopicisimplicatedinthefulltextwithoutacleartopicsentence.So,whatthemainaspectsofthepassageareandhowtheyrelatetoeachotherarequietimportant.文章正方形写作法，中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确主题句，要着重弄明白文章有几方面的内容以及相互关系。探究提示举例：Next，therearefourexamplesaboutthesefourstructures，wewillanalyzethemoneafteranother.Obviously，thefirstsentence：smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.isthekeysentenceandthemainidea，afterwhich，therearedetailsincluding“cigarettesmoking，cancer，healthproblems，smoker'scough，catchcoldsandharmful”toexplainandsupportthemainidea，thus，thispassagebelongstoinverted-trianglestructure.Thesecondone，accordingtothepassage，therearefoursentencesbelongtotheinductionwritingskill.Inthefirstthreesentences，theauthoroverviewstherelationshipbetweentheguiltyandtheinnocent，theinnocentandthecriminalaswellasthemanwhoknows“everything”mayhidehisownweakness.Allthesekeywordsandkeysentenceleadtothemainidea：itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Ofcause，thewordSoisalsoveryimportantforustoconcludethemainidea.Thus，thispassageusethetrianglestructure.Thethirdone，attheverybeginningofthepassage，thereisaquestion，Whatcausestrafficjams?Butafterreadingthewholepassage，itisnotabouttrafficjamsitself，butitsprobablecauseandpeople`ssuggestion，sothebesttitleisinthemiddleofthepassage，that`sNewTrafficSystemsNeeded.Thus，itbelongstoRhombuspassage.Inthelastpassage，TomhasstayedinUniversityofParis，UniversityofBerlinandHarvardLawSchoolandhegraduatedwithanexcellentlegalbackground.now，heisalawyer.Therefore，accordingtothesedetails，wecouldsummarize：Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.Wecanseethatthefullpassageiswithoutacleartopicsentence.Wearesupposedtosummarizeitaccordingtothedetails.So，itbelongstotheSquarepassage.环节四课堂探究总结Fromthesefourstructure,weknowthelocationofeachkeysentenceisdifferent.Ininverted-trianglepassage，weshouldfocusonthekeywordsbesides,forexample，andthekeysentenceisattheverybeginning.Intrianglepassage,thekeywordsso,thereforeshouldbepaidspecialattention.andthekeysentenceisattheend.InRhombuspassage,thekeywordsbut,however,actuallyarequietusefulforyoutofindthekeysentence,whichisinthemiddle.Insquarepassage,becausethereisNocleartopicsentence,youneedtosumitupbyyourself.环节五课内及时评价Let`scometoinclasstestone，thispassagecomesfromthecollegeentranceexamination.Pleaselookatit:Paragraphone,ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.Thatisthefirstsentenceofthewholepassage,wecaneasilygettheideaforit,right?So,fromthissentence,wecaneasilyfocusonthesubjectmentionedaboutChinaanditsrichcultureOk？Paragraphtwo，weknowChinaexhibitedmanyfashionableclothing，thisisanexample，right？Butfromthisexampleweknowtheaim，wheretheauthormentionedabouttheinfluenceofChinaandit`srichculture，thatis“itfueledthefashionableimaginationandalsomentionedaboutChineseaesthetics”。Inparagraphthree，weknow，thereisafamouslady，Hill，fromherewordswegot"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"，sofromth