河南开封市2025-2026学年高三下学期3月期末英语试题（解析版）

英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What’swrongwiththecomputer?A.Itsscreenisindistinct.B.Itsmouseisoutdated.C.ItsInternethascrashed.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Itisdifficulttoseefinedetailsonyourcomputer’sscreen,andyoucannotfindthemouse’sarrow.Youshouldsendane-mailtoatechnicianwhentheInternetisworkingfine.W:Youareright!Actually,Iplantobuyanewmonitor.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Handinthereport.B.Enjoyanafternoontea.C.Haveachatwiththeboss.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Iplantofinishthemarketreportbytonight,orthebosswillpunishme.W:Don’tworry!Thebossjusttoldmethattheduetimeis11a.m.tomorrow.Nowitistimetohaveourafternoonteatogether.M:Wow,let’sgo.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afriend.B.Aparty.C.Afilm.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Eliza.Howwasthemovielastnight?W:Beyondimagination!Andithasbecomeahit.ThemostexcitingsceneiswhenagroupofpeoplepreparedasurprisepartyfortheirbestfriendwhojustcamebackhomefromChina.M:Oh,Ican’twaittoseeit.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WherewillthewomanmeetSusan?A.Attheairport.B.InSusan’shouse.C.Attheschoolgate.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Susan’splanewilltakeoffat7amtomorrow.Willyouseeheroffwithme?M:Oh,I’dloveto.Solet’smeetattheschoolentranceandIwillgiveyoualifttotheairport!W:Soniceofyou!Iwillsetofffrommyhouseat6amandwecanmeetat6:30am.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Toapplyforapost.B.Toinquireinformation.C.TobookatriptoRussia.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,thisistheLanguageLearningCenter.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:I’dliketolearnbasicRussian.Doyouhavesomeproperlessonsforbeginners?W:Yeah,wehaveoneeverySundayat2p.m.M:Great!第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Drawingapicture.B.Makingamodelship.C.Cleaningabookshelf.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Teacherandstudent.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:Sweetie,whatareyoubusywith?Iseesomewoodensticksandglueonyourdesk.M:I’mbuildingamodelship.It’sgoingtobeacruiseship.W:Oh,thatsoundscool!Doyouneedanyhelpwithit?M:Maybelater.I’mtryingtochecktheinstructionsmorecarefully.Ifit’snotputtogetherproperly,itwon’tfloatsteadily.W:You’rebeingsocareful.Whenwillitbedone?M:Probablytomorrow.Iwanttopaintitblueandwhite.W:Itwilllookgreatonyourbookshelf,Ibet.M:Thanks,Mom.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WheredoesAndrewcomefrom?A.US.B.China.C.UK.9.WhydoesAndrewlikeearly-morninglessons?A.Heisanearlybird.B.Hehasnootherchoices.C.Hecanbesharp-minded.10.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofAndrew?A.Anxious.B.Adaptable.C.Approachable.【答案】8.C9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:Andrew,whatdoyouthinkofyourcollegelifeinChina?M:Well,it’scompletelydifferentfromthatintheUK,whereI’mfrom.W:Comeon,sharemorespecificswithme.M:Alright.Theclasstimetableisset,unlikeintheUK,wherewepickourowntimesandcourses.AndIdon’thaveearlyclassesonMonday,whichisgreat.W:Iseeit.SostayinginbedabitlongeriswhatyoulikemostaboutcollegelifeinChina?M:Notreally.Idon’tgetuplateeveryday.OnWednesdayandFriday,Iwakeupat7:00becausemyadvancedmathclassbeginsat8:00.It’sahardcourse,butIlikemorningsbecausemybrainworksbetterthen.W:Youreallyknowhowtogetusedtothings.I’mproudthatyou’remanagingeverythingwell.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhatdoesthemansayaboutAI-aidedteaching?A.It’sexpensive.B.It’sunreliable.C.It’stime-saving.12.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardAI-aidedteaching?A.Opposed.B.Skeptical.C.Favorable.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.ChoosearandomAItool.B.Sticktotraditionalteachingways.C.FindareliableAIeducationwebsite.【答案】11.C12.B13.C【解析】【原文】M:I’vebeenusingAI-aidedteachingtoolsrecently.It’sreallyhelpfulbecausethesetoolscancreatepersonalizedexerciseplansforstudents.W:ButI’malwaysworriedaboutAI’saccuracy.Once,anAI-generatedmathworksheetcontainedwronganswers,whichIdidn’tnoticebeforehandingitouttostudents.M:That’sbecauseyouchosearandomAItool.Choosingtrustededucationplatformshelpsavoidsuchissuesandsavestimecomparedtopreparinglessonsbyyourself.W:Maybe,butIstillpreferdesigningteachingcontentsonmyown.HowdoyoumakesuretheAI-generatedmaterialsmatchthestudents’actuallearninglevels,forexample?M:MostAIeducationplatformshavedetailedsettingoptionsforstudents’gradesandlearningprogress.Whynotgiveitanothertrywithawell-knownAIeducationwebsite?W:Maybeyouareright!听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhatwasTomdoingwhentheearthquakehappened?A.Wanderingaroundthestreet.B.Cookingamealinhisfamily.C.Playinginfrontofthebuilding.15.Whocalledtheemergencyrescueteam?A.Theman.B.Apasserby.C.Thewoman.16.HowdidTomreachthetrappedchild?A.Byusingthedamagedstairs.B.Byrushingintothebuilding.C.Byscalingthedamagedwalls.17.WhatgiftdidTomfinallyacceptfromtheparents?A.Arestaurant.B.Somemoney.C.Adinner.【答案】14.A15.B16.C17.C【解析】【原文】W:ThisisTheMorningUrbanCityNewslive.I’mherewithMr.TomBrown,whorescuedatrappedchildfromacollapsedbuildingduringtheearthquakeyesterday.Tom,thanksforbeingwithusnow.M:Mypleasure.W:Tom,rightbehindusisthebuildingintheearthquake.Canyoutelluswhathappened?M:IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhensuddenlyIfeltthegroundshakestrongly.Soonafter,Isawapartofthebuildingfallandheardaboycryingfromtheground-floorwindow.W:Whatdidyoudothen?M:Iinstantlyaskedanearbystrangertocalltheemergencyrescueteam.Then,Ifoundittoodangeroustorushintothebuildingdirectlyorusethedamagedstairs,soIclimbedoverthebrokenwallstoreachthechild.Ifinallymanagedtogetusbothoutsafely.W:Ibethisparentswererelievedtoseetheirsonsafeandsound.M:Absolutely!Whentheysawtheirson,theyhuggedhimtightlyandkeptthankingme.W:Didtheyofferyouanythingasagestureofgratitude?M:Irefusedtheirmoney.Instead,theytreatedmetoaverynicerestaurantfordinner.W:That’sawesomeTom.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Wholaunchedtheorganization?A.Membersofsociety.B.Highschoolstudents.C.Warm-heartedteachers.19.Whatwilltheorganizationdonextweek?A.Collectmoreclothesforcharity.B.Transportclothestopoorareas.C.Launchawebsitefordonations.20.Whatcanpeopledotohelptheorganization?A.Distributemorewinterclotheswidely.B.Calltheleaderdirectlyforguidance.C.Donateclothesorcontributeonline.【答案】18.B19.B20.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello,everyone!I’mDavidLambert.I’mgoingtotellyouaboutanon-profitorganizationcalledClothesforHope,initiatedbyagroupofhighschoolstudents.Throughtheirhardworkandconsiderableimpact,somevolunteersincludingwarm-heartedteachersandmembersofsocietyhavecollectedover100,000piecesofclothes.Nextweek,they’lldelivertheseclothestoremoteregionstohelppoorfamilies.Sofar,theyhavedistributed10,000wintercoatstothepoorinremoteareas.Actually,theiractsofkindnessarehighlypraisedandhavebroughtaboutachainreaction.Theteamleaderhopesmoredonationswillpourin.Ifyouhavespareclothesingoodshape,pleasecallusat58296507!Somedonorsaskedforabankaccount,butforsecurity,wesuggestvisitingourofficialwebsitewww.Ctomakefinancialcontributions.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJobWanted:RE&SEnterprisesPteLtdisHiringRE&SEnterprisesPteLtdisaleadingrestaurantchainwithmorethan70outlets(分店)inSingapore.Our30yearsofpresenceinSingaporesignifiesthecommitmenttocontinualgrowthandinnovation.Ourbusinessandcustomerprincipleseizesopportunitiestoofferanexperienceofexotic(异域的)culturesviarelevant,affordablequalityandservicethatarefocusedonFoodforLife.WewelcomeyoutobepartofourGrowingTeam!JoinOurBakingCrewattheCentralKitchen!Lovebaking?Wanttobepartofsomethingfresh,fast-paced,andfullofflavor?We’relookingforyoung,energetic,andpassionateindividualstojoinourdynamicBakeryCentralKitchenteam!RolesAvailable:Bakerystaff:Helpprepare,shape,andbakedelicioustreats.ManagementTrainee:TrainandbecomeafutureCentralKitchenManager.We’reLookingFor:Schoolleaversorfreshgraduatesarewelcomed.Noexperience?Noproblem—we’lltrainyou.Passionateaboutbakingandmasteringnewskills.Abletoworkinafast-pacedkitchenenvironment.Teamplayerwithagreatattitude.WhatYou’llGet:On-the-jobtrainingfromexperiencedbakers.Careergrowthopportunities.Staffdiscounts.Funandsupportiveteamenvironment.Clean,organized,andmodernkitchensettings.APPLYNOW21.WhatdoesRE&SEnterprisesPteLtdtrytodo?A.Expanditselftothewholeglobe.B.Sellbakeryingredientstoothers.C.Spreadtheideaofhealthyeating.D.Enrichlifeexperienceswithfood.22.Whichofthefollowingisrequiredforthejobapplicants?A.Relevantexperienceinbakeryskills.B.Knowledgeoflatestbakingtrends.C.Apositiveattitudetowardslearning.D.Theabilitytoworkindependently.23.WhatcanemployeesgetfromtheBakingCrew?A.Lower-pricedproducts.B.Freeaccommodations.C.Diversetrainingforms.D.Annualsalaryincrease.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍RE&S企业的概况，以及其中心厨房烘焙团队的招聘岗位、要求和员工福利。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ourbusinessandcustomerprincipleseizesopportunitiestoofferanexperienceofexotic(异域的)culturesviarelevant,affordablequalityandservicethatarefocusedonFoodforLife.(我们的经营和客户原则是抓住机遇，通过以“生活之食”为核心的、相关的、实惠的品质和服务，提供异域文化体验)”可知，RE&S企业试图通过食物丰富人们的生活体验。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据We’reLookingFor中的“Passionateaboutbakingandmasteringnewskills.(热爱烘焙，热衷于掌握新技能)”和“Teamplayerwithagreatattitude.(有良好态度的团队合作者)”可知，求职者需要有积极的学习态度。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据WhatYou’llGet中的“Staffdiscounts.(员工折扣)”可知，员工可以从烘焙团队获得低价产品（享受折扣）。故选A项。BLongbeforeIhadstudiedasecondlanguage,Ihadanabsoluteromancewithmyfirstlanguage—English.WhenIwasaboy,Irealizedthatbyapplyingcertainlinguistic(语言的)rules,Icouldcoinwordsthatcouldbeentirelyunderstood.Ifsomethingthatqualifieshasqualification,Ithoughtsomethingthatterrifiesoughttohaveterrification.Thiswayofthinkingopenedupawholeworldofcreativitytomethathadneverexistedbefore.However,whenIstartedstudyingotherlanguages,Ilostthisfascination.ThemoreI’veinteractedwithothermastersofmanylanguages,themorethisseemslikeanalmostuniversallysharedexperience:asonefallsinlovewithotherlanguagesanddigsintootherformsofcommunication,onestartstoloseanappreciationofhisorhernativetongue.Thisisperfectlynatural.Aswebegintoexpandourviewsinnewandexcitingwaysthroughforeignlanguages,ournativelanguagebeginstoseemuninteresting,andevenannoyingbycomparison.ButthensomethinghappenedthatcompletelyrefueledtheloveIhadformymothertongue:IencounteredthatsamecreativepassionIoncefeltinsomebodyelse’swork.OneofmyfavoritebooksasachildwasThroughtheLooking-GlassbyLewisCarroll.Readingthisbookoveragainasanadult,IwasjustasalluredbyitaswhenIwasakid.Somewordsinthisbookeitheraren’trealwords,orweren’trealwordsatthetimethatthebookwaswritten.Buttheyfeellikespecifictypesofwordsthatyouassociatewithacertainsortoffeeling.Thelinguisticdifferencesthatwentintoeverynon-contentwordwereabsolutelyfascinating,andthemoreIreadandrecitedpoemsinthisbook,themoreIfeltthefamiliarwarmpassionforEnglish.Idecidedtotakesomefocusawayfromforeignlanguagesforawhilejusttofocusonandproperlyappreciatemyfirstlanguage.24.Whatcouldtheauthordoatayoungage?A.Guessnewwords’meanings.B.Makeupnon-existentwords.C.Makeuseofgrammaticalrules.D.Createnewsentencestructures.25.WhydidtheauthorlosetheloveforEnglish?A.Itspopularitywasindecline.B.Itsinflexibilitywasapparent.C.Itfailedtoofferfreshexcitement.D.Itgavehimfewergrowthchances.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“allured”inparagraph3mean?A.Sensed.B.Drawn.C.Persuaded.D.Supported.27.WhatfinallymadetheauthorappreciateEnglish?A.Poems’complexemotions.B.Specialwritingtechniques.C.LewisCarroll’screativity.D.Intenseloveforliterature.【答案】24.B25.C26.B27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对母语英语的情感变化过程，从最初对英语的热爱，到学习其他语言后对英语的热情减退，再到通过阅读刘易斯·卡罗尔的作品重新燃起对英语的热爱。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“WhenIwasaboy,Irealizedthatbyapplyingcertainlinguistic(语言的)rules,Icouldcoinwordsthatcouldbeentirelyunderstood.(当我还是个小男孩的时候，我意识到通过应用某些语言规则，我可以创造出完全能被理解的单词。)”可知，作者在小的时候可以创造不存在的单词。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Aswebegintoexpandourviewsinnewandexcitingwaysthroughforeignlanguages,ournativelanguagebeginstoseemuninteresting,andevenannoyingbycomparison.(当我们开始通过外语以新的和令人兴奋的方式扩展我们的视野时，相比之下，我们的母语开始显得无趣，甚至令人厌烦。)”可知，作者失去对英语的热爱是因为英语无法再给他带来新鲜的兴奋感。故选C项。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“OneofmyfavoritebooksasachildwasThroughtheLooking-GlassbyLewisCarroll.Readingthisbookoveragainasanadult,IwasjustasalluredbyitaswhenIwasakid.(我小时候最喜欢的书之一是刘易斯·卡罗尔的《爱丽丝镜中奇遇记》。成年后再读这本书，我依然像小时候一样allured。)”可知，作者小时候对语言着迷，成年后也一样被吸引，所以划线词“allured”意为“吸引”，与“Drawn”含义相近。故选B项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Somewordsinthisbookeitheraren’trealwords,orweren’trealwordsatthetimethatthebookwaswritten.Buttheyfeellikespecifictypesofwordsthatyouassociatewithacertainsortoffeeling.Thelinguisticdifferencesthatwentintoeverynon-contentwordwereabsolutelyfascinating,andthemoreIreadandrecitedpoemsinthisbook,themoreIfeltthefamiliarwarmpassionforEnglish.Idecidedtotakesomefocusawayfromforeignlanguagesforawhilejusttofocusonandproperlyappreciatemyfirstlanguage.(这本书中的一些单词要么不是真实的单词，要么在写这本书的时候不是真实的单词。但它们让你联想到某种特定感觉的特定类型的单词。每一个非内容词中的语言差异都绝对令人着迷，我读和背诵这本书中的诗歌越多，我就越能感受到对英语的熟悉和热情。我决定暂时把注意力从外语上移开，专注于并好好欣赏我的母语。)”可知，是刘易斯·卡罗尔的创造力最终让作者重新欣赏英语。故选C项。CWWF,incollaborationwiththePacificCoastFoodWasteCommitment(PCFWC),Afresh,andShelfEngine,conductedpilotsusingAIpurchasingsystemsintwodifferentgroceryretail(零售)chainstoreducefoodwasteandimproveprofits.Theresultswereimpressive:foodwastewasreducedby14.8%perstoreonaverage.TheAItechnologywasabletoreducewastebyincreasingtheaccuracyoforderingandstock(库存)requirements,leadingtomorepreciseorderingandstocking,andhighersales.Whiletraditionallythesetaskshavebeenlefttohumanperceptionandcalculation,AIhandlesenormousamountsofhistoricalandreal-timedatatobettermatchorderingwithdemand,whichgreatlybenefitsconsumers.Whilethebiggestwastereductionsmaybeseeninearlystages,theAItechnologyonlygetsbetteratpredictingcustomerbehaviorovertime,whichcanthenhelptoreducewasteofseasonalitems(forexample,holidaybakingitems)thatmayonlybeindemandonceayear.Groceryretailisresponsibleformorethan10percentofthekindofextrafoodthatleadstowasteintheUS,sotheimplicationsofusingAItofurtherreducegroceryretailwasteareconsiderable.It’sarelativelyeasy-to-implement(易实施的)solutiononcetheAIprovidersmapretailers’dataandclarifytherelationsbetweenthem.Itmorethancoversitscostsonceit’sinplace.TheAIsolutionsalsoincreaselaborefficiencybyupto20percentperstorethroughautomatingstocktrackingandreducingtheamountoftimespentonorderingandrestockingshelves.ThepilotsuccesshasledAfreshtomovebeyondfreshproduceandexpandtomeat,seafood,andothercategoriesingroceryretail,enablingittobetterserveitscustomersandcreategreaterimpacts.ShelfEngineisalreadyworkingincategoriesbeyondproduceaswell.WWFestimatedthatiftheresultsfromthepilotwerecopiedintheseotherdepartmentsacrosstheretailindustry,anestimated1.1milliontonsoffoodwastecouldbeavoided.28.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Byofferingstatistics.B.Bymakingacontrast.C.Bygivinganexample.D.Bydefiningaconcept.29.WhydoestheAItechnologybenefitconsumers?A.Itshortensthedeliverytime.B.Itdecreasespackagingcosts.C.Itcontrolsunplannedpurchases.D.Itsatisfiestheirneedsprecisely.30.WhathelpstheAItechnologybecomeapracticalsolution?A.Automatingstockmanagement.B.Increasingtotalstoresales.CPredictingseasonalpurchases.D.Identifyingrelationswithinfigures.31.WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocusonabouttheAItechnology?A.Itshugeinnovation.B.Itswidepopularity.C.Itsapplicationprospect.D.Itsmarketinglimitation.【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界自然基金会联合相关机构在零售杂货店运用人工智能采购系统以减少食物浪费、提高利润的试点项目，说明了该技术的运作原理、优势以及广阔的应用前景。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“WWF,incollaborationwiththePacificCoastFoodWasteCommitment(PCFWC),Afresh,andShelfEngine,conductedpilotsusingAIpurchasingsystemsintwodifferentgroceryretail(零售)chainstoreducefoodwasteandimproveprofits.(世界自然基金会与太平洋海岸食物浪费承诺组织、Afresh及ShelfEngine合作，在两家不同的食品杂货零售连锁店开展了人工智能采购系统试点项目，以减少食物浪费并提高利润。)”可知，作者通过列举一个具体案例来引入文章主题。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whiletraditionallythesetaskshavebeenlefttohumanperceptionandcalculation,AIhandlesenormousamountsofhistoricalandreal-timedatatobettermatchorderingwithdemand,whichgreatlybenefitsconsumers.(尽管传统上这些任务一直依靠人类的判断与计算来完成，但人工智能能够处理海量的历史数据与实时数据，从而更精准地匹配订单与需求，这极大地惠及了消费者。)”可知，人工智能技术能精准满足消费者的需求。故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’sarelativelyeasy-to-implement(易实施的)solutiononcetheAIprovidersmapretailers’dataandclarifytherelationsbetweenthem.(一旦人工智能供应商梳理好零售商的数据并明确数据间的关联，这便是一个相对容易实施的解决方案。)”可知，识别数据之间的关系有助于人工智能技术成为一个实用的解决方案。故选D项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ThepilotsuccesshasledAfreshtomovebeyondfreshproduceandexpandtomeat,seafood,andothercategoriesingroceryretail,enablingittobetterserveitscustomersandcreategreaterimpacts.ShelfEngineisalreadyworkingincategoriesbeyondproduceaswell.WWFestimatedthatiftheresultsfromthepilotwerecopiedintheseotherdepartmentsacrosstheretailindustry,anestimated1.1milliontonsoffoodwastecouldbeavoided.(试点的成功使Afresh超越了新鲜农产品，扩展到杂货零售业的肉类、海鲜和其他类别，使其能够更好地服务客户并产生更大的影响。ShelfEngine也已经在农产品以外的类别开展工作。世界自然基金会估计，如果试点结果在零售业的其他部门复制，估计可以避免110万吨食物浪费。)”可知，最后一段主要关注人工智能技术在杂货零售业其他类别的应用前景。故选C项。DContextualism(语境主义)hasalonghistoryinhistoriography(历史编纂学),datingbacktotheworkofhistorianssuchasLeopoldvonRankeinthe19thcentury.Hisemphasisonunderstandinghistoricaleventsastheyactuallywerelaidthegroundworkforthedevelopmentofcontextualistapproachestohistoricalinterpretation.Inthe20thcentury,historianssuchasQuentinSkinnerandJ.G.A.Pocockfurtherdevelopedcontextualistapproaches,emphasizingtheimportanceofunderstandinghistoricaltextsandeventswithintheirspecificlinguisticandculturalcontexts.Acontextualistapproachtohistoricalinterpretationrequiresadeepunderstandingofthecultural,social,andtimecontextinwhichhistoricaleventsoccurred.Thisinvolvesconsideringfactorssuchastheculturalstandardsandvaluesofthetime,thesocialstructuresandinstitutionsthatshapedhistoricalevents,andthetimecontext,includingthespecifichistoricalperiodandanyrelevanteventsortrends.Oneofthekeychallengesofhistoricalinterpretationisavoidinganachronism(时代错位)andpresentism.Anachronisminvolvesputtingmodernconcepts,values,orbeliefsontohistoricalfiguresorevents,whilepresentisminvolvesjudginghistoricaleventsbymodernstandards.Acontextualistapproachhelpshistoriansavoidtheseerrorsbyemphasizingtheimportanceofunderstandinghistoricaleventswithintheirspecificcontext.Forexample,itwouldbeanachronistictoputmodernideasofhumanrightsontohistoricalfiguressuchasThomasJefferson,whoownedslavesyetbecametheleadingauthoroftheUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence.Instead,historiansmustconsiderJefferson’sactionswithinthecontextofhistime,takingintoaccountthepopularattitudestowardsslaveryandhumanrights.Whilecontextualismisapowerfulapproachtohistoricalinterpretation,itisnotwithoutitschallengesandlimitations.Someofthekeychallengesinclude:thecomplexityofreconstructinghistoricalcontext,whichcanbeincomplete;theriskofculturalandhistoricalrelativism,whichcanmakeitdifficulttoevaluatecertainhistoricaleventscritically;thechallengeofbalancingcontextualunderstandingwiththeneedtodrawbroaderconclusionsandlessonsfromhistoricalevents.32WhatdidSkinnerandPocockcontributetocontextualism?A.Theyclarifieditsdefinition.B.Theydemonstrateditslogic.C.Theyexpandeditsapplications.D.Theyemphasizeditsobjectives.33.Whichfactormaybelongtothesocialcontext?A.Strictlawsandregulations.B.Unusualcustomsandfashions.C.Socialvaluesandjudgments.D.Linguisticsymbolsandhabits.34.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph3?A.Jeffersonignoredhumanrights.B.Causesbehindactionswerekey.C.Presentismmislabelspastevents.D.Subjectivitywasdifficulttoresist.35.Whyiscontextualismanimperfectapproach?A.Itmayreachanarrowconclusion.B.Itinfersfromsecond-handrecordsC.Itdigsintosomepointlesselements.D.Itmayfindexcusesforsubjectivity.【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语境主义在历史编纂学中的发展历程、核心要求、作用以及面临的挑战和局限性。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Inthe20thcentury,historianssuchasQuentinSkinnerandJ.G.A.Pocockfurtherdevelopedcontextualistapproaches,emphasizingtheimportanceofunderstandinghistoricaltextsandeventswithintheirspecificlinguisticandculturalcontexts.(20世纪，昆汀·斯金纳和J.G.A.波科克等历史学家进一步发展了语境主义方法，强调在特定语言和文化语境中理解历史文本与事件的重要性。)”可知，二人拓展了语境主义的应用范围与研究方向。故选C项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thisinvolvesconsideringfactorssuchastheculturalstandardsandvaluesofthetime,thesocialstructuresandinstitutionsthatshapedhistoricalevents,andthetimecontext,includingthespecifichistoricalperiodandanyrelevanteventsortrends.(这需要考虑诸多因素，包括当时的文化标准和价值观、塑造历史事件的社会结构和制度以及时间背景，包括特定的历史时期和任何相关事件或趋势。)”以及常识可知，社会结构与制度属于社会背景，严格的法律法规属于社会结构与制度方面，所以严格的法律法规可能属于社会背景。故选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Instead,historiansmustconsiderJefferson’sactionswithinthecontextofhistime,takingintoaccountthepopularattitudestowardsslaveryandhumanrights.(反而，历史学家必须结合杰斐逊所处时代的背景，考量当时对奴隶制与人权的普遍态度来理解他的行为。)”可知，作者在本段中暗示了行为背后的原因是关键，要结合当时的具体情况来理解历史人物的行为。故选B项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Someofthekeychallengesinclude:thecomplexityofreconstructinghistoricalcontext,whichcanbeincomplete;theriskofculturalandhistoricalrelativism,whichcanmakeitdifficulttoevaluatecertainhistoricaleventscritically;thechallengeofbalancingcontextualunderstandingwiththeneedtodrawbroaderconclusionsandlessonsfromhistoricalevents.(一些关键的挑战包括：重建历史背景的复杂性，这可能是不完整的；文化和历史相对主义的风险，这使得难以批判性地评估某些历史事件；平衡语境理解与从历史事件中得出更广泛结论和教训的需求的挑战。)”可知，语境主义是一种不完美的方法，语境主义可能因过于关注具体语境而导致结论狭隘。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Singaporehasnonaturalfreshwaterresourcesandhasbeenrankedamongthemostwater-stressedcountriesintheworld.____36____Thus,aftergainingindependencein1965,Singaporerealizedthatithadtotakeitswaterfutureintoitsownhandsanddevelopedacomprehensivewatermanagementplan.Singaporehasdevelopedfourpillars(支柱)ofwatersupply:importedwater,desalinated(淡化的)water,localwaterstorageandrecycledwater.Tosecurewatersupplies,ithasenteredintoagreementswithMalaysia,whichsupplieshalfofthetotalwaterneeds.However,Singaporeisprojectedtostopimportingwaterby2061.____37____Today,Singaporehasfivedesalinationplants,whichprovide25%oftheislandnation’stotalwatersupply.Theseplantsfunctionaswaterpurificationfacilities.____38____Itisnowondertheyfitintothecity’scontemporarylandscapenaturally.Singapore’sgoalistoincreaseitsdesalinationcapacitytomeet30%ofitswaterneedsby2060.____39____Rooftopwaterischanneledthroughpipesintoanetworkofrivers,canalsandreservoirs(水库).TheMarinaBarrage,covering10,000hm2,notonlycollectsfreshwaterbutalsoactsasafloodprotectionstructure.Singaporealsoexcelsattreatingwastewater.Atacostofupto$10billion,theislandnationhasbuiltamodern,centralizedwastewatertreatmentsystemandefficientlyreusedwastewater.“Allwastewateriscollected,treatedandreusedasmuchaspossible,”saidJonChurchofUNWater.____40____Thegovernmentplanstoincreasethisrecyclingproportionto55%by2060,withtheaimofimprovingthequalityoflifeforitscitizens.A.ItwasruledbyBritainforalongtime.B.Theywerebuiltrightindowntownareas.C.Singaporeisamasteratcollectingrainwater.D.Theyarealsodesignedtobemodernenough.E.Itcurrentlyrecycles30%ofitsdomesticwaterneeds.F.Waterhasalwaysplayedacrucialroleinthenation’sgrowth.G.Therefore,itmustnecessarilyfocusontheremainingthree“taps”.【答案】36F37.G38.D39.C40.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍新加坡水资源匮乏，独立后制定水资源管理计划，并详细介绍其四大供水支柱及相关举措。【36题详解】根据上文“Singaporehasnonaturalfreshwaterresourcesandhasbeenrankedamongthemostwater-stressedcountriesintheworld.(新加坡没有天然淡水资源，且被列为世界上水资源最紧张的国家之一)”以及下文“Thus,aftergainingindependencein1965,Singaporerealizedthatithadtotakeitswaterfutureintoitsownhandsanddevelopedacomprehensivewatermanagementplan.(因此，1965年独立后，新加坡意识到必须将自己的水资源未来掌握在自己手中，并制定了全面的水资源管理计划)”可知，此处应衔接上文水资源匮乏的现状，引出下文的应对措施，F选项“Waterhasalwaysplayedacrucialroleinthenation’sgrowth.(水在这个国家的发展中一直扮演着至关重要的角色)”既强调了水的重要性，又能自然衔接下文“重视水资源管理”，符合语境。故选F项。【37题详解】根据上文“Singaporehasdevelopedfourpillars(支柱)ofwatersupply:importedwater,desalinated(淡化的)water,localwaterstorageandrecycledwater.Tosecurewatersupplies,ithasenteredintoagreementswithMalaysia,whichsupplieshalfofthetotalwaterneeds.Howev