2025北京版新教材英语高考第一轮基础练习-主题群六 科学与技术（含答案）

2025北京版新教材英语高考第一轮

主题群六科学与技术

五年高考

阅读理解

Passage1（2023北京,D）主题科学技术词数411

Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.The

reasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit,schallengingtodosciencewitha

samplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematic

aitempttospelloutlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,

thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeis（hesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.

Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipe

targetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,a

complexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“Ihepoint“ofALifemightbe,

well,missingthepointentirely,hesays."Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuse

ofanything,Alansays."Somepeopleaskme,4SowhafstheworthofartificialDoyou

everthink,4Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?5

AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasisingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattemptsto

createartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.Artificialintelligencemaybeconsidered

ALife*scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen-ended

evolution（演化）.Thisisthecapacilyforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,to

beasortof“noveltygenerator^^.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth'sbiosphere.If

thefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,those

sameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.

ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAi,advancesinALifearehardertorecognise.One

reasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself-isundefined.Thelack

ofagreementamongALifersdoesn'thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthat

eachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectit

studies.Itsmuddled（混乱的）progressionisastrikingparallel（平行线）totheevolutionary

strugglesthathaveshapedEarth'sbiosphere.

Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasand

generatenovelty.Ilmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingor

singular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothing

special.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughoutthe

universe,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.

1.RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful

2.Whatdoestheword“enamoured"underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.

B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.

C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.

D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitlefor（hepassage?

A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?

B.LifeEvolves.CanAlHelpALifeEvolve,Too?

C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?

D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?

Passage2（2022北京,D）主题科学技术词数408

Quanlum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensending

mearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswe

faceashumans.I'vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.Oneis

computerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.The

otherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,

bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.

AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventake

stepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection."Thisisthesortofhype（炒彳乍）that

annoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep.44What's

new,“Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantum

computingresearchers.”

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymislead

investors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,(hemselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.If

researcherscan'tkeepiheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentand

anger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Bui

somethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallyDronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,

perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsfbrsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand.”

And(hatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggested(hatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

After1read(hebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoanswered

myquestionsaboutPyQuantum,(hefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson's

concernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)“to

buildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethatt4solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewould

nothavebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,

but1havespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.,,

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin"，asTaylor

claims?Idon'tknow.I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestin

quantumcomputers.ButI(rustTaylor,justasI(rustJohnson.

1.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

2.WhatleadstoTaylor'soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone“inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

D.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoIlsHype?

Passage3(202()北京,C)主题科学精神词数408

Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselfto

re-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacross

a16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,

coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofinding（hebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeen

simplytakingnotesfbrhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshe

didn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed.ltYousimplycan'tgetanunderstanding

ofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,“shesays.

ThoughSmithdidgelherhandsonthebestsand,doingthings（heold-fashionedwayisn't

justaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）

wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhow（heyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,

andwhatwentonin（heworkshopsthatproduced（hem.Itcanevenhelpsolvepresent-day

problems:In2015,scientistsdiscovered（hata10th-centuryEnglishmedicineforeyeproblems

couldkilladrug-resistantvirus.

Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsfbrmuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowan

objectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywayto

knowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.Scholarshaveseenthisideain

practicewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptureswerepaintedarainbowof

strikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartasthey

originallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

Smithhasputthemanuscriptsideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsof

artandsciencebacktogether.Shebelievesthatbringing（heoldrecipestolifecanhelp

developakindoflearningthathighlightsexperimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.

Backwhenscience—thencalled“Ihenewphilosophy“一tookshape,academicslookedto

craftsmenfbrhelpinunderstiuidingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswere

inventedbywayofartistictinkering（修补）,ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetter

bendlight.

Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecan

marrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

I.HowdidSmithfeelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?

A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.

C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.

2.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto.

A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmen

C.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers

3.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?

A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.B.Topresent(hefindingsofoldscience.

C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.D.Toemphasise(hevaluesofhandskills.

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitlefor(hispassage?

A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheories

C.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD.CraftsmenReshape(heFutureofScience

Passage4(2020北京,D)主题科学技术词数431

CertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiauilous.Forexample,algorithms(算法)

carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingon

citystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystems

aresometimesfasterandmoreperceptive(hanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytruefor

thespecifictasksforwhich(hesystemshavebeendesigned.ThatissomethingthatsomeAI

developersarenoweagertochange.

Someoftoday'sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday'sworldof“weak"or“narrow”

AI,tocreate“strong”orAI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI).

Insomerespects,today'spowerfulcomputingmachinesalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.

AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,

couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblems.DM,acompanyfocusedonthedevelopmentof

AGI,hasanambitionto“solveintelligence”."Ifwe'resuccessful,“theirmissionstatement

reads,“webelievethiswillbeoneofthemostimportantandwidelybeneficialscientific

advancesevermade.^^

SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In

1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan

t4ultra-inlelligentmachine...thatcanfarsurpassalltheinlelleclual(智力的)activitiesofany

man,howeverclever."Goodwentontosuggestthat“thefirstultra-intelligentmachine^^could

be“thelastinventionthatmanneedevermake.^^

Fearsabout（heappearanceofbad.powerful,man-madeintelligentmachineshavebeen

reinforced（强化）bymanyworksoffiction—MaryShelley'sFrankensteinandtheTerminator

filmseries,forexample.ButifAldoeseventuallyprovetobeourdownfall,itisunlikelytobe

atthehandsofhuman-shapedformslikethese,withrecognisablyhumanmotivationssuchas

aggression（敌对行为）.Instead,IagreewithOxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,

whobelieves（hattheheaviestrisksfromAGIdonotcomefromadecisiontoturnagainst

mankindbutratherfromadoggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.

ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat.Butalloftoday'sexciteddiscussionabout

thesepossibilitiespresupposesthefactthatwewillbeable（obuildthesesystems.And,having

spokentomanyoftheworld'sforemostAIresearchers,Ibelieve（hereisgoodreasontodoubt

thatwewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.

I.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ubiquitous“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Enormousinquantity.B.Changeabledaily.

C.Stableinquality.D.Presenteverywhere.

2.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?

A.Helptotackleproblems.B.Makebrainsmoreactive.

C.Benefitambitiouspeople.D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.

3.AsfbrIrvingGood'sopiniononultra-intelligentmachines,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.disapprovingC.fearfulD.uncertain

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?

A.Itmaybeonlyadream.B.Itwillcomeintobeingsoon.

C.Itwillbecontrolledbyhumans.D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.

Passage5（2019北京,C）主题信息安全词数445

Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcalls

fromnumberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺诈）.

Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroup

oftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgellingthrough.

Unfortunately,it'stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese"solutions”（解决方案）becomewidely

available,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,il'snotjustgoing

tobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestion

whether(hevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.

That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulalion(处理)andautomation

technologies(hatareabouttobecomewidelyavailablefbranyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/O

Conference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincing

human-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservation

withoutdetection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.

Thereason(hatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecade

ofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscan

easilylearnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they'reableto

carryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thata

scammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoice

thatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller's,trickingyouinto“confirming“youraddress,

mother'sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.

Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexisting

relationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwith(heinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersand

consumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.

Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhen

andwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowards

data-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp.whichcanbetiedto

youridentity.

Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharder

fromhereonout.

1.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?

A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.

2.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammerscan.

A.aimatvictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasily

C.startcampaignsrapidlyD.spreadinformationwidely

3.Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.

C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.

D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefor(hepassage?

A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted

B.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocalls

C.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGelMoreDangerous

D.HowRobocallsAreAffecting(heWorldofTechnology

三年模拟

阅读理解

Passage1(2024届朝阳期中,A)主题科技发展词数285

Ahearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesounds

louder.Ahearingaidhasthreebasicparts:amicrophone,anamplifierandaspeaker.The

hearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectrical

signalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofihesignalsand

sendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearingaids.

•Behind-the-ear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages."Mini"BTEisanewkind.

Thesesmallandopen-fitaidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheear

canal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoice

doesnotsound“pluggedup”.

•In-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveadded

features,suchasalelecoilthatallowsuserstoreceiveSOUIK!throughthecircuitryofthe

hearingaid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.

•Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles,in-lhe-canal(1TC)aids

aremadetofitthesizeandshapeoftheearcanal.Completely-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehidden

intheearcanal.

Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.

Priceisalsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensive

thananotherdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillbeltersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturesto

considerincludepartsorservicescoveredbyiheguarantee,estimatedcostsfbrrepair,andthe

hearingaidcompany'sreputationforqualityandservice.

Formoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo@.

1.Whathelpsstrengthenthepov/erofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?

A.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.

C.Thespeaker.D.Thetelecoil.

2.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose.

A."mini"BTEB.in-the-earaids

C.in-the-canalaidsDcompletely-in-canalaids

3.Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould.

A.increaseyourestimatedcosts

B.findtheonewithmorefeatures

C.giveinto（heafter-saleservices

D.consideryourneedsandlifestyle

Passage2（2024届丰台期中,C）主题科技发展词数351

“Flyinginsectsdon*tflydirectlytolightsfromfarawaybecausethey'reattractedtothem,

butappeartochangecoursetowardalightiftheyhappentobepassingbyduetoastrange

inbornbiologicalresponseJwritesSamuelFabian,abioengineer,inaresearchpaper.

Untilnow,theleadingscientifichypothesishasbeenthatinsectsusethemoon'slightto

directthewayatnightandmistakeartificiallightsforthemoon.Butthisideadoesn'texplain

whyinsectsthatonlyflyduringihedayalsogatheraroundlights.

Tofindoutwhatreallyhappens,Samuel'steam（rack（heprecisemovementsofinsectsin

thewildaroundlightsusingahigh-speedcamera.Thisrevealedtwonotablebehaviours.First,

wheninsectsflyabovelights,theyofteninverl（转向）themselvesandtrytoflyupsidedown,

causingthemtofallveryfast.Justafterinsectspassunderalight,theystartdoingaringroad.

Astheirclimbanglebecomestoosteep,theysuddenlystopandstarttofall.Second,when

insectsapproachalightfromtheside,theymaycircleor“orbil,thelight.

Thevideosshowthattheinversionssometimesresultininsectsfallingonlights.Ilcan

appeartothenakedeyeasthoughtheyareflyingatthelights.''Instead,insectsturntheir

dorsumtowardthelight,generatingflightperpendicular（垂直）tothesource,5,theteamwrite.

ItiscommontotheIwobehavioursthattheinsectsarekeepingtheirbackstothelight,known

asthedorsallightresponse(DLR).ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayis

upandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabove

(hem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.Theyalso

findthattheinsectsflyatrightanglestoalightsource,leadingtoorbitingandunstableflights

asthelighfslocationrelativetoihemchangesas(heymove.

Samuefsteamsuggestthatapossibleoutcomeoftheresearchcouldhelp(heconstruction

industrytoavoid(hetypesoflightthatmostattractinsects.

1.Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?

A.Whyinsectsgatheraroundlights.

B.Whereartificiallightsleadinsectsto.

C.Whatbiologicalresponseinsectsarebornwith.

D.Howtodesignenvironmentfriendlyartificiallights.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutinsertsfromthevideosoftheirmovements?

A.Theyflydirectlytolights.B.Theycircleclosetolights.

C.TheirHyingspeedissteady.D.Theirinversionscanbecontrolled.

3.TheDLRmakesinsects.

A.balancetheirflyingB.keeptheirroutestraight

C.decidetheirbodypositionD.shortentheirflightdistance

Passage3(2024届朝阳期中,D)主题社会进步词数415

Inthe1790s,anEnglishdcctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener'ssoncowpox(牛

痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeople

whowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatching

smallpox.Ilworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine(疫苗)washighlyeffective.4iVaccination,\

from(heLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.

Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,rather(hanrelyingondatafromnatural

infections,weinlentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofa

vaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner'slime,ofcourse,whenitwasnot

uncommonfbrdoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there'sthecontinuoussense

ihal(here'ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.

Butthisshouldn'tblindusto(heextraordinarypowerofchallenge(rials.Theycould

becomeincreasinglyimportantweaponsin(hemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccine

technologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsis

increasing.

Muchhasbeendonetoreduce(herisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytial

virus(RSV),researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.These

actshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworld

willsoonhavemoreandmorevaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensofthousandsofnewborn

babieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesarelikethis.Wedon'talwaysknowthedangers

volunteersmightface;wedon'talwayshavetrealmentsready.Whatthen?

Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesof

research.Butthatdoesn'talwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,

becausethediseasedoesn'tdevelopinthesamewayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,

challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewervolunteers.Andthe

benefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.

Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,we

shouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartof

ourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants'effortsare

worthwhile:bydesigningtrialslobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwhere

theymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillions

oflives.

1.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto.

A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrials

B.introduce(hetopicofchallengetrials

C.highlight(heeffectivenessofhisvaccine

D.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccinaliorT

2.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.

B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.

C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspileoftheirrisks.

D.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.

3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Peopleshouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.

B.Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallenge(rials.

C.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.

D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitlefor(hepassage?

A.Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?

B.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?

C.Canchallengetrialsbe(heendofinfectiousdiseases?

D.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallenge(rials?

Passage4(2024届丰台期中,D)主题信息技术创新词数437

Wehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon't

understandandcan'tcontrol.

Thelatestleapsforwardinartificialintelligence(AI)arerightlycausinganxiety.Yet

peoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynev/technology,likeelectricityor

carsoncewere.Weinventedit,(heargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforour

ownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.

Mythinkingstartsfromthepremisethatalldesignanywherein(heuniverseiscreatedby

theevolutionaryalgorithm(算法).Thisistheprocessinwhichsomekindofinformationis

copiedmanytimes,thecopiesvaryslightlyandonlysomeareselectedtobecopiedagain.The

informationiscalledthereplicator(复制者),andourmostfamiliarexampleisthegene.

Butgenesaren'ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.

Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpass

(hemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesever

could,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿传递行为)一andtheyareselfishloo.

AswefaceuptotherecentexplosioninAI,newquestionsarise.Couldathirdreplicator

lakeadvantageofthefirsttwo?Andwhatwouldhappenifitdid?

Forbillionsofyears,alloftheEarth'sorganismsweregenemachines,until,about2

millionyearsago,justone