【单元通关复习】Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 过知识 （教师版）-2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习一遍过（北师大版2019必修第一册）

北师大版2019必修第一册Unit1SPORTSANDFITNESS【过知识】Step1考点必备【过单词】重点单词►核心词汇——写其形1．____________vi.&vt.聚集，聚合2．____________n.渴望3．____________n.力量，活力4．____________adj.令人尴尬的5．____________n.包，包裹vi.&vt.把……包起来6．____________vt.使(某人)想起，提醒7．____________vi.&vt.停止(做某事)8．____________vt.更喜欢9．____________vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败10．____________n.尤其，特别adj.特定的►阅读词汇——知其意1．championn.________________2．underdogn.________________3．bowlingn.________________4．inspirationn.________________5．gymnasticsn.________________6．guyn.________________7．jogvi.&n.________________8．courtn.________________9．frequencyn.________________10．shotn.________________11．badmintonn.________________12．golfn.________________重点词转►拓展词汇——通其变1．amazevt.使惊愕→________adj.令人吃惊的；了不起的→________adv.惊人地，了不起地→________n．大为吃惊2．appointv．任命，委派；约定，指定→________n．约会，预约；任命→________vt.使失望→________adj.令人失望的3．relievevt.减轻，缓解→________n．宽慰；减轻，缓解4．systemn．系统→________adj.有系统的，有计划的，有条理的5．strongadj.强壮的，有力气的→________n．力量；强度，体力，长处→________vi.&vt.(使)强健；加强6．announcevt.宣布→________n．通告，公告7．defencen．防守队员，后卫；防卫→________vt.防卫8．regularadj.定期的，经常的→________adv.经常；定期地9．benefitn．好处，益处→________adj.有益处的10．satisfyvt.使满意，使满足→________/________adj.令人满意的→________adj.感到满意的→________n．满足，满意参考答案：核心词汇1．gather2.desire3.energy4.awkward5.pack6．remind7.quit8.prefer9.defeat10.particular阅读词汇1．冠军，第一名2.处于劣势的人(队)；弱方3.保龄球4．激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感5.体操6.(非正式)男人，家伙7.慢跑8.(网球等的)球场9.发生的频率，发生率10.投球，击球11.羽毛球12.高尔夫拓展词汇1．amazingamazinglyamazement2.appointmentdisappointdisappointing3.relief4.systematic5．strengthstrengthen6.announcement7.defend8．regularly9.beneficial10.satisfactorysatisfyingsatisfiedsatisfaction【过短语】1．________________而不是2．________________猛撞，猛击3．________________使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)4．________________跟上，保持同步5．________________应该，应当6．________________(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来7．________________有能力做8．________________健康状况良好/不佳9．________________聚集10．________________以防万一11．immunesystem________________12．befedupwith________________13．makesure________________14．tryoutfor...________________15．not...anymore________________参考答案：1．ratherthan2.crashinto3.letsb.down4.keepupwith5．oughtto6.cheerup7.becapableof8.ingood/badshape9.gatheraround10.incase11.免疫系统12.厌倦13．确保14.参加……的选拔15.不再……【过句式】1．when引导时间状语从句______________________whichwasnexttoourbuilding,wewerewatchingagameonTV.当我们不在我们楼旁的篮球场打球的时候，我们就在电视上看比赛。2．although引导让步状语从句Paul'sfavouriteplayerwasTyroneBogues,aguywhoplayedfortheCharlotteHornets,________weactuallyagreethattheyarebothchampions.保罗最喜欢的球员是夏洛特黄蜂队的蒂尼·博格斯，虽然事实上我们认为他们都是冠军。3．which引导非限制性定语从句Bogueswasonly1.6metrestall,________madehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。4．现在分词作状语Theteamgatheredaround,________________．队员们围拢过来，看起来很担心。5．省略关系代词的定语从句Anyothertips______________________？你还能给我其他的建议吗？6．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句Don'truntoofastforthefirsthour________youwon'thaveenoughenergyleftfortherestoftherace.第一个小时不要跑得太快，否则你会没有足够的体力来跑完余下的赛程。参考答案：1．Whenweweren'tplayingonthecourt2.although3．which4.lookingworried5.youcangiveme6.or【过语法】语法专题——定语从句(1)关系代词►观察与发现(1)定语从句的功能及构成[观察]①Heisastudent.他是一名学生。②Heisanenergeticstudent.他是一名精力充沛的学生。③Heisastudentthatlikeshelpingothers.他是一名喜欢帮助别人的学生。[发现]一般情况下，我们常用形容词修饰或限定名词，如句②中的energetic，但是某个形容词(短语)的意思是固定或单一的，不能灵活组合表达较复杂的含义，因此为了表达的需要，人们创造了定语从句。它的基本构成：eq\a\vs4\al(先行词（名/,代词）＋引导词)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(关系代词（that/which/who/,whom/whose/as）,关系副词（when/where/why）))＋从句如句③关系代词that引导的定语从句修饰前面的先行词astudent，同时代替先行词astudent在后面的从句中作主语。[顺口溜]that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。(2)关系代词that，which，who，whom引导定语从句[观察]①Thebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterdayhasbeenfinished.(作宾语)我已经读完了昨天买的那本书。②Thestudent(that/whom)ImetintheparkyesterdaywasfromtheUSA.(作宾语)昨天我在公园里遇见的那个学生来自美国。③Thebookthat/whichisworth$20sellswell.(作主语)那本价格为20美元的书很畅销。④Thestudentthat/whoissingingismydeskmate.(作主语)正在唱歌的学生是我的同桌。[发现1]that与which均可指代物，在后面的定语从句中作宾语如句①，或主语，如句③，且作宾语时关系代词可以省略。[发现2]that与who/whom均可指代人，在后面的定语从句中作宾语如句②，或主语如句④，且作宾语时that或whom可以省略(在美国口语中who也可代替whom作宾语)。[高考例句]①ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...我提到了一位有四个孩子的单亲家长，我谈到了这位父亲在指导一个孩子根本不参加的球队……②Theyarerequiredtoprocessthefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.它们(脂肪和盐)被要求用于加工我们所吃的食物，以便身体从伤痛中恢复过来，并满足其他几个身体机能。③We'relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.我们正在研究通过控制速度来避免那种情况(超速和罚款)的系统的好处。④Thelittleproblems(that/which)wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.伟大发明的灵感可能来自我们日常生活中遇到的小问题。⑤Onestudyshowedthatwomenwhodrankalotofcoffee...一份研究表明，喝大量咖啡的女士……⑥I'mascientistwhostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.我是一个研究诸如大猩猩和猴子等动物的科学家。⑦Theteacherthat/who/whom/省略wegreetedjustnowispopularwithhisstudents.我们刚才打招呼的老师很受学生们的欢迎。[提示]句子中Theteacher作先行词，在后面的从句中作greeted的宾语(3)关系代词whose引导定语从句[观察]①Idon'twanttopayforthebookwhosecoverislost.我不想买这本没有封面的书。②Imadeanewfriend,whosemotherisateacher.我结交了一位新朋友，他的母亲是一位教师。[发现1]whose既可指物也可指人。[发现2]whose作为关系代词，意为“……的”，句①中whose代替“书的(封面)”先行词book与cover之间为所属关系，再如句②中“朋友的(母亲)”。[注意]whose作为关系代词，用法较特殊，先行词与从句中的名词(主语)必须是所属关系。[高考例句]①SinceIwasakid，I'veconsidereddifferentjobsIwouldliketodo.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocool.我小时候就考虑过我想要做不同的工作。首先，我想成为一名消防员，消防员的制服看起来很酷。②Kate,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.凯特，在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间，已经去澳大利亚工作了。[提示]句①中whose代表先行词afireman，作uniform的定语，这里whoseuniform＝theuniformofwho，引导定语从句，此从句修饰afireman。句②中whose引导的定语从句用于修饰Kate(4)that不引导非限制性定语从句[观察]Imetwithmyformerteacher,whorecognizedmeimmediately.我遇见了我以前的老师，他立马认出了我。Iboughtabook,whichiswellworthreading.我买了一本书，它很值得一读。[发现]非限制性定语从句往往用“，”把从句和先行词隔开。[注意]that不引导非限制性定语从句，换句话说，除了that，其他的引导词都可以引导非限制性定语从句。[高考例句]Mywalletwasgone.IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,whichwasnowspeedinginthedarktosomeunknownstation.我的钱包不见了。我只可能把它留在G9巴士上，现在这辆车在黑暗中向一个不知名的车站驶去。(5)which与as引导定语从句的联系与区别[观察]①Hewasverycareless,whichledtohisfailure.他很粗心，就是他的粗心导致了他的失败。②eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(Asweallknow，,Asisknowntousall，))helpingothersishelpingourselves.众所周知，帮助别人就是帮助我们自己。③Heisastudent,aswecantellfromhisbehaviour.他是一个学生，这一点从他的行为举止上可以判断。[发现1]which和as都可以代替句子的全部或部分内容在从句中作主语或宾语。[发现2]as位置较灵活，可以位于句首或句中，而which不能位于句首；as常作宾语或被动语态的主语，which常作主语。[易混比较]as/which(引导非限制性定语从句)as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替一句话或句子的部分内容，as位置灵活，可位于句首或句中，而which只能位于句中。[提示]asweallknow/asisknowntoall等形式都是as引导非限定性定语从句，这里的as是关系代词，代表先行句的内容。[高考例句]①Theboatistheonlywaytogetthere,whichishowwearrived.只有乘船才能去那儿，我们就是乘船去的。②Asweallknow,mostoftheratingsarebasedonothers'judgmentontheproductorserviceconcerned.我们都知道，大多数的收视排行是基于别人对相关产品或服务的评价。[提示]句②中bebasedon基于，根据►实践与练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句)1．Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm________wevisitedthreemonthsago?2．Somecountries________namesIhadneverheardofbeforewereshownonthemap.3．Anyone________failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.4．All________weneedisenoughrestafterlonghours'work.5．Wedon'tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthedisaster.6．Tomistheboy________motherisourmathsteacher.7．Adictionaryisabook________givesthemeaningsofwords.8．Istillremembertheearthquake________happenedin2008inSichuan.9．Haveyoureadthebook________waswrittenbyAnneFrank?10．Thefirstthing________hedidafterarrivinghomewasdoinghishomework.11．Isthistheteacher________rescuedseveralstudentsfromtheburningbuilding?12．Doyouknowthelady________ourEnglishteacheristalkingwithunderthebigtree?13．Itisthetallestbuilding________Daminghasseeneversincehecamehere.14．Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme________priceaddeduptomorethan1，000yuan.15．Thisistheperson________youshouldthankforhelpingyourson.Ⅱ.完成句子1．她是通过考试的女孩之一。Sheisoneofthegirls____________________．2．这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。Thisistheveryhotel____________________whenIwastravellinghere.3．我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。Iknowtheperson____________________intheearthquake.4．罗丝是你应该关心的人。Roseistheperson____________________．5．她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople____________________．Ⅲ.高考题(改编)专练(填上合适的词)1．Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachines________print,cookandservefoodsonamassscale.2．Thefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanualfirealarmsystems________includefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.3．Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirl________motherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.4．Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguy________cameinfirstplacehad.5．Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefivetotenminutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.6．TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil­testingprogram________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.7．Manywesterners________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealisehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.Ⅳ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyoneneedstoknowhowtopreventafire.Itisalsoimportanttoknowwhattodowhenit1.________(break)out.Everyyear,over11，000people2.________(kill)orinjuredinhousefires.Thesefirescouldhavebeenavoided.Smokerswhoare3.________(care)causeabout200deathsandover6，000fires.Morethanhalfofthose4.________dieinfiresarepoisonedorharmedbysmoke.Iffirehappens,donotattempttofightthefireunlessitissmall.Tryputtingoutasmallfirewithwater.If5.________firehasspreadoriftheflamesaremorethan20incheshigh,shutthedoor.Warneveryoneelseinthebuildingandtellthemtogetout.Youshouldleaveanddial119forthefiredepartment.Before6.________(go)outaroom,checkthedoor.Ifthehandleorthedoorishot,donotopenit!Instead,putclothingorawettowelatthebottomofittokeepsmoke7.________.Ifthedoorisnothot,openitslowly.Ifthere'sarushofsmokeorheat,closeitagainandshouttowarn8.________(other).Nowopenthewindowandshout“Fire！”.Seewhetheryoucandrop9.________(safe)totheground.Usethisasyourescapecourseifyoucan.Ifyouarenotongoundlevel,breakyourfallbypushingamatoutfirst.Loweryourselfatarm's10.________(long)beforedropping.Onceoutside,stayoutsideandmakesurethefiredepartmentiscalled.参考答案：Ⅰ.1．that/which2.whose3.who4.that5.who/that6．whose7.that/which8.that/which9.which/that10．that11.who/that12.who/whom/that13.that14．whose15.who/whomⅡ.1．who/thathavepassedtheexam2．(that)Istayedat3．whosehousewasdestroyed4．(who/whom)youshouldcareabout5．thatshewasinterestedinⅢ.1．that/which2.which/that3.whose4.who/that5．that/which6.that/which7.who/thatⅣ.1．breaks2.arekilled3.careless4.who5.the6.going7．out8.others9.safely10.lengthStep2考点突破►重点单词1．prefervt.更喜欢；宁愿preferencen．偏爱；爱好；喜好；偏爱的事物；最喜爱的东西prefereq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.tosth.喜欢某物而不喜欢某物,todosth.更喜欢做某事,doingsth.todoingsth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事))haveapreferencefor...偏爱……givepreferenceto...优先考虑……inpreferenceto...优先于……[学法点拨]“宁愿做……而不愿做……”的表示法汇总：preferdoing...todoing...＝prefertodo...ratherthando...＝wouldratherdo...thando...＝woulddo...ratherthando...[误区警示](1)prefer—preferred—preferred：双写r；(2)prefer不用于进行时。(3)preferAtoB表示“取舍关系”，“取”A“舍”B。表示“比”用介词to。Ipreferorangestoapples.(√)Ipreferorangesmorethanapples.(×)◎单句语法填空①Ihavethistheorythatmostpeopleprefer________(be)atworktobeingathome.②Iwouldpreferhim________(be)withusnextseason.③IbecameateacherbecauseIpreferredbooksandpeople________politics.④Theyneededtobearousedonewayortheother,andthey________(prefer)goodnewstobad.⑤Manypeopleexpressedastrong________(prefer)fortheoriginalplan.⑥Inconsideringpeopleforjobs,wegivepreference________thosewithsomeexperience.⑦Apolarbearhasapreference________coldweather.2.trackn．轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道vt.&vi.追踪keeptrackofyourfitness 记录你的健康状况keeptothetrack 顺着道儿走onthetrackof 跟踪，追赶，尾随losetrackof 不了解，与……失去联系thousandsofmilesoftrack 数千英里的铁道followhistracks 循着他的足迹◎单句语法填空①Don'tbelateforsupper...andkeep________thetracksothatyoudon'tgetlost!②[2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读]ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympics________(be)the50-kilometreracewalk.③Previousmethodsfor________(track)thepopulationofpolarbearshaven'tbeenemployed.3.defeatvt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败n．[C，U]失败；战胜，击败(1)aheavydefeat大败terrible/seriousdefeat严重受挫sufferadefeat(＝bedefeated)遭遇失败admitdefeat认输acceptdefeat接受失败(2)defeat/beatateam打败一个团队Wedefeatedtheirteamby10points.我们赢了他们队10分。(defeat/beat的宾语必须是人或团体)[词语辨析]defeat,beat与windefeat/beat①宾语为对手时，两者可通用；②defeat的宾语通常是敌人；③beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等。win①表示在竞争中取得胜利；②宾语多是game，match，race，election，prize等；③不能接人，但可说winsb.over(把某人争取过来)。◎选词填空：defeat/beat/win①Shehasastrongdesireto________．②Damagedbutnot________，hewasstillaheadofme.③Ifwedon'tprepareforthespeechcontest,theywill________us.◎单句语法填空④OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smartphones________(defeat)conventionalPCsinsales.⑤Whenhe________(defeat),hecamedowntoearth.4．companyn．公司；一群人；陪伴，同伴accompanyvt.陪伴；伴随……发生；给……伴奏vi.伴奏keepsb.company 陪伴某人incompanywith... 和……一起forcompany 做伴，陪伴acompanyof... 一伙……accompanysb.to 陪某人去……accompanysb.on/at 用……给某人伴奏◎单句语法填空①Hepersuadesmetotakehim________companyifIgoforatrip.②Heisguiding________companyoftourists.③Wevisitedthemuseum________companywithforeigntourists.④Shirleycametotheparty,________(accompany)byherbrother.⑤Ifshesang,hewouldaccompanyher________thepiano.⑥Agroupofyoungpioneersalwaysaccompanythedisabledgirl________theschool.5．treatvt.治疗；对待；讨论n．请客；款待treatmentn．治疗；疗法；处理；对待(1)treatsb.ashonouredguests把某人看作贵宾treat...with/like以……方式/态度对待treatsb.tosth.用某物招待/款待某人treatsb.tolunch请某人吃午餐treatsb.(forsth.)治疗某人(病症)treat...with.用……治疗……(2)receivetreatmentfor就……接受治疗givesb.treatment为某人治疗get/have/receivetreatment接受治疗need/requiretreatment需要治疗hospital/medicaltreatment住院/药物治疗◎单句语法填空①Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthem________winners.②Itwassummer，andmydadwantedtotreatme________avacationlikeneverbefore.③Thedigitaltechnologycanbeusedtospraytheliquidontoplantleavesinaone-off________(treat).④Afteryearsofregular________(treat),shefinallyregainedherhealth.6．replacementn．替换的人(物)replacevt.取代；代替；替换；把……放回原处(1)areplacementfor...……的替补队员/替补replaceAwith/byB用B代替Aberepalcedby/with...被……取代replacesb.as...取代某人当……replacesupperwithsnacks用零食替代了晚饭replacetheoldwiththenew除旧迎新replacethebookontheshelf把书放回架子上(2)“代替”的多种表达方式：replace taketheplaceoftakeone'splace inplaceofinone'splace insteadof◎单句语法填空①Mysecretaryleavesusnextweek,soweareadvertisingfor________replacement.②The________(replace)ofsugarinyourdietcanbedifficult.③Teacherswillnever________(replace)bycomputersintheclassroom.④Youcanusemilk________placeofcreaminthisrecipe.⑤Weneedareplacement________thetypistwholeftlastweek.⑥Nothingcanevertake________placeofrealloveandfamilytogetherness.7．desiren．渴望，欲望，愿望v．渴望，期望(1)动词搭配：desireeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.渴望得到某物,todo...渴望做……,sb.todo...渴望某人做……,that...（宾语从句）渴望……))desire后跟从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，从句谓语为(should＋)动词原形(2)名词搭配：haveastrongdesireeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.迫切想做某事,forsth.急于得到某物,that...有……的欲望/愿望))havenodesiretodosth.不想做某事expressadesiretodosth.表达想做某事的愿望satisfyone'sdesire满足某人的欲望astrongdesireforpower强烈的权力欲adesireforsuccess对成功的渴望◎单句语法填空①Youngpeoplehavenodesire________(work)forthegovernment.②Everyone________(desire)tosucceedwhilesuccessonlybelongstothehard-workingpeople.③Hehas________strongdesireforsuccess.④Hedesiresme________(go)abroadforfurthereducation.⑤Mydesire________knowledgedrovemetobuytheencyclopedia.⑥[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesire________(change)thetradition.8．energyn．力量，活力，精力；能源energeticadj.精力充沛的；积极的；充满活力的energeticallyadv.精力充沛地(1)fullofenergy充满活力awasteoftimeandenergy浪费时间和精力saveone'senergy节省精力putallone'senergiesinto...把某人的全部精力投入到……solar/nuclearenergy太阳能/核能sound/light/heatenergy声/光/热能energysources/sourcesofenergy能源produce/storeenergy产生/贮存能量provideenergyfor...为……提供能量havemuchenergy精力充沛(2)anenergeticmember一位充满活力的成员◎单句语法填空①Morningmealsareimportanttousastheyprovideenergy________awholeday.②Youshouldexercisemoresoastokeep________(energy)andyoucanworkefficiently.③Mydramateacherhadbeenlookingforsomeonetoplayan________(energy)boyinacomedy.④Wewill________(energy)expandconsumers'demand.9.crowdn．人群，一伙人v．拥挤；聚集；挤满crowdedadj.拥挤的thecrowd群众(作主语时谓语动词用复数)acrowdof一群；一伙crowdin挤进；(想法、问题等)涌上心头，涌入脑海crowdinto挤进……；涌上(心头)crowdout挤出；推开becrowdedwith...挤满……◎单句语法填空①Itriedtokeepmyplaceinthequeue,buttheycrowdedme________．②Icrowdedeverything________mysuitcase.③Iwasnearlypushedoverby________crowdofchildren.④Inthewintertheplaceiscrowded________skiers.⑤Theaudiencecrowded________thehall,waitingfortheappearanceoftheirfavouriteactress.⑥Happymemoriescrowdedin________measIlookedatthephotographs.⑦Everyoneintherestaurant________(crowd)aroundthemandstartedsinging.10．bouncevi.&vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹bouncealong 颠跳前进bounceback 反弹；向后跳；迅速恢复活力bounceinto 以上上下下的动作进入bounceoff 弹开bouncedupanddown蹦蹦跳跳◎单句语法填空①Theballhitthewallandbounced________it.②Weallpileinandbounce________dirtroadsforacoupleofhours.③Welosttwoorthreeearlygamesbutwebounced________．④Theballbounced________theholebesidethetree.11．applicationn．[C，U]申请，申请书；应用，应用程序applyv．应用；申请applicantn．申请人appliedadj.应用的，实用的(1)ajobapplication求职信aletterofapplication申请信fillinanapplicationform填写申请表writtenapplications书面申请collegeapplications大学(入学)申请makeanapplicationtosb.for...向某人(某机构)申请……(2)applyfor申请applytosb.forsth.向某人申请……applysth.tosth.把……应用到……applyoneselfto致力于◎单句语法填空①Sheplanstotakeacoursein________(apply)linguistics.②This________(apply)isbyfarthebetterthanthatone.③Weregrettoinformyouthatyour________(apply)hasnotbeensuccessful.④I'dliketomakeanapplication________aloan.⑤Wehadrelativelyfew________(application)forthejob.⑥[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapply________eachkey.⑦Youmayapply________ticketsinpersonorbyletter.⑧Itisdifficulttoapplyoneself________aboringtask.12.quitvi.&vt.停止(做某事)；离开；离任；辍学quiteq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./oneselfof...使某人/自己摆脱……,one'sjob辞去工作,doingsth.停止做某事,smoking戒烟,thecity离开该城市,thehabitof...放弃……的习惯,asmanageroftheteam辞去团队经理的职务（此处表,示“作为”某种职务而辞职）))[词语辨析]quit,stop与endquit指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折；stop指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味；end多指自然的结束。◎单句语法填空①Whathesaidquitme________fear.②Shereliedontoughlovetohelphimquit________(drink).③He________(quit)whenherealisedhecouldnotwin.④Susan________(quit)herwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.13．occupyvt.占用，占去(时间、空间等)；占领，占据；使忙于occupiedadj.已占有的，无空闲的occupationn．职业，占领occupysb./oneselfindoingsth.使某人/自己忙于做某事beoccupiedwithsth.忙于某事beoccupiedin(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事bebusywithsth.忙于某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事◎单句语法填空①Thefactory________(occupy)fouracresofground.②He________(occupy)intranslatinganEnglishnovel.③She'sfully________(occupy)withwork.④Pleasestateyourname,ageand________(occupy)below.⑤Shewasoccupied________thecleaningofthebighouse.⑥Heoccupiedhimself________collectingstamps.14．amazinglyadv.惊人地，了不起地amazevt.使惊奇amazingadj.令人惊异的amazedadj.惊讶的amazementn．吃惊，惊异(1)amazinglycheap便宜极了anamazingachievement/discovery/success惊人的成就/发现/成功(2)inamazement吃惊地toone'samazement令某人吃惊的是muchtoone'samazement＝toone'sgreatamazement令某人大为吃惊的是(3)beamazedat/by...对……大为惊奇beamazedthat...很惊讶……beamazedtosee/hear/find...看到/听说/发现……感到吃惊◎单句语法填空①________(amazing),TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.②________(amaze)atmyclassmates'fluentspokenEnglish,Iwasdeterminedtobeasgoodastheywere.③What________(amaze)meishowlongshemanagedtohideitfromus.④Shewasshakingwithfear,whilethetwomenwerelookingatherin________(amaze).⑤Itisoneofthemost________(amaze)filmsI'veeverseen.⑥Muchtohis________(amaze),shelikedtheidea.15．relievevt.减轻，缓解；解除reliefn．减轻，缓解，宽慰；救济品relieveeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(thesymptomsofacold减轻感冒症状,stress减轻压力,pain缓解疼痛))relieve...from...将……从……中解除；减轻berelievedtodosth.因做某事而感到欣慰berelievedthat放心，松了一口气inrelief如释重负；松了口气asighofrelief松了口气toone'srelief使某人欣慰的是[联想拓展]eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(relievev．→reliefn．宽慰,believev．→beliefn．信任；信念))◎单句语法填空①He________(relieve)ofhispostlastmonth.②Sheseemed________(relieve)thatthingswerebetter.③Iwasrelieved________(see)themback.④Thenovelsmayrelieveme________stress,butIshouldhavefocusedonstudy.⑤Hearingthenews,wesmiled________relief.⑥Weallmadeasighof________(relieve)whenweheardthathewassafe.16．amountn．数量，数额vi.总计；等于alarge/smallamountof＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词large/smallamountsof＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词amountto等于；相当于；意味着；总计；共计inamount在数量上[学法点拨]“许多，大量”的多种表达(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(agood/greatmany,alarge/greatnumberof,quiteafew))eq\a\vs4\al(＋可数名词复数,＋复数谓语动词)(2)manya(n)＋可数名词单数＋单数谓语动词(3)agreat/gooddealof＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词(4)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(alotof/lots,of/plentyof))eq\a\vs4\al(＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语动词,＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词)(5)alargequantityof＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(alargequantityof＋可数名词复数,largequantitiesof＋\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(不可数名词,可数名词复数))))＋eq\a\vs4\al(复数谓,语动词)◎单句语法填空①Thelossfromtheflood________(amount)totenmilliondollars.②Vitaminsshouldbetaken________smallamounts.③[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimethese________(amount)wereforbiddingtomostcitizens.④Thenumberofbookspublishedthisyearamounts________overamillion.⑤Keepingsilentinthiscaseamountsto________(support)thespeaker.⑥Hehas________largeamountofmailtoanswereveryday.17．preventvt.预防；阻止，阻挡preventionn．预防，阻止；妨碍preventiveadj.预防的，防备的eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prevent...（from）doingsth.,stop...（from）doingsth.,keep...fromdoingsth.))阻止……做某事[误区警示](1)以上三个短语用于主动语态时，keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不能省略，因为省略后keep...doing...表示“使……一直做……”。(2)用于被动语态时，三个短语中的from都不能省略。◎单句语法填空①They________(prevent)fromenteringthebuilding.②Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthem________(turn)brown.③________(prevent)alsoplaysacentralroleintraditionalmedicine.④Wemusttake________(prevent)measurestoreducecrimeinthearea.⑤Atnightvehicleswerestopped________enteringthecitycentre.⑥Don'tletthedriveforperfectionkeepyou________doingsomethinggreat.18．equipmentn．设备，装备equipvt.装备；具备；准备equipsb./sth.todosth.使某人/某物具备条件做某事equipfor...为……做准备equipsb./sth.withsth.用某物装备某人/某物beequippedwith...配备有……(表示状态)[误区警示]equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。表示数量时，用piece修饰，apieceofequipment表示“一件设备”。◎单句语法填空①Theyareequippingthemselves________ajourney.②Pleaseequipyourself________apencilandarubberfortheexam.③Ownersofrestaurantswouldhavetoequipthem________(admit)disabledpeople.④Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessary________(equip)withyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.⑤They________(equip)withnewscientificfarmingmethods,sotheyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast.19．satisfactionn．满足，满意；使满足的事物，令人满意的事；乐事satisfyvt.使满意，使高兴satisfiedadj.感到满意的satisfyingadj.令人满意的(1)withsatisfaction满意地toone'ssatisfaction使某人满意的是thesatisfactionofbasichumanneeds人类基本需求的满足getsatisfactionfromsth.从某事中得到满足find/feelsatisfactionin/at...对……感到满意expresssatisfaction表示满意asense/feelingofsatisfaction满足感asmile/lookofsatisfaction满足的笑容/神情befarfromsatisfaction令人很不满意(2)satisfysb.with...用……来使人满足besatisfiedwith...对……感到满意besatisfiedtodosth.＝becontenttodosth.＝bepleasedtodosth.对做某事感到满意◎单句语法填空①Theresultofthetest________(satisfy)theteachers.②Shecanlookbackonhercareerwithgreat________(satisfy).③Theyfindgreatsatisfaction________improvingthequalityoflifeforpeople.④________asmileofsatisfactiononhisfacehesaid,“There!Howdoesthatfeel？”⑤ThoughIhadalotofexperienceandaMaster'sDegree,Icouldnotfind________(satisfy)work.⑥________mysatisfaction,mybrotherhasmadegreatprogressinEnglishinthepasttwomonths.⑦Hewasenjoyingallthe________(satisfaction)ofbeingaparent.20．responsen．回答，答复；反应，响应respondv．回答；响应；作出反应；回应inresponseto...作为对……的答复/反应make/givearesponseto...对……作出回应/反应make/givenoresponse没有回应respondto回答，回复；对……作出反应respondwith应对；回复respondthat...回答……◎单句语法填空①Wephonedthemmanytimestoaskforhelp,buttheymadeno________(respond).②Theproductwasdeveloped________responsetocustomers'demands.③Theymade________coldresponsetothematter.④Confusingly,blindpeoplealsorespond________thelight.⑤Shewaved,andheresponded________acharmingsmile.►重点短语1．ingood/badshape健康状况良好/不佳；处于很好/不良的状态Theancientsilkpaintingisstillingoodshape.这幅古代绢画依然状况良好。stay/keepinshape保持体形；保持健康getintoshape让身体强健起来outofshape变形，走样；健康状况不好inshape在形状上；健康状况良好intheshapeof...