云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案侧重名词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重名词语法填空一：侧重名词考点、热点回顾题目要求1.用给出的词的适当形式填空2.自己填写单词填写规则要用适当形式填空，所给出单词必须有形式变化，因此一定是实词类。要自己填写，就要保证答案的唯一性，因此一定是虚词类。具体方法与考点名词名词的分类以及可数名词与不可数名词的区别名词的分类专有名词：独一无二，如：China，theGreatWall个体名词：无法分割，如：desk，student集体名词：个体组成，如：family，government物质名词：无固定的形状、大小、颜色，如：water，air抽象名词：存在但看不见，摸不着，如：love，experience可数名词与不可数名词的区别注意与汉语的区别，高考改错题常考点如：knowledge，housework等单复数形式意义不同的名词experience经验experiences经历manner方式 manners礼貌custom风俗 customs海关work工作 works著作，工厂wood木材 woods树林sand沙子 sands沙滩paper纸张 papers报纸，论文，试卷glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜名词的单复数单数变复数的规则构成方法例词一般情况在词尾加－scat—catsgirl—girlspage—pages以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词在词尾加－esbus—busesbox—boxeswatch—watchesbrush—brushes但有例外：stomach—stomachs以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词变复数时，直接在词尾加－stwoMarysthreeHenrysmonkey—monkeysholiday—holidaysboy—boys以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，把y变成i加－esbaby—babiescity—citiesfactory—factoriesstory—stories以O结尾有生命的词，在词尾加－estomato—tomatoeshero—heroespotato—potatoes但有例外：photo—photospiano—pianos以o结尾无生命的词在词尾加－sradio—radioszoo—zoos以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加－esknife—kniveswife—wiveshalf—halvesleaf—leaves但仍有例外：belief—beliefsroof—roofs注意以O和f/fe结尾的词变化注意不规则变化有些名词的复数属于不规则变化，需要考生在平时的学习中逐一记忆：child—children,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,phenomenon—phenomena,ox—oxen,mouse—mice,man—men,woman—women等。总是表示复数意义的名词1).集体名词people,police,cattle总是表示复数意义，不能说apeople,apolice,acattle，但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle。Thepolicearesearchingforthestolenboy.Thecattlearefeedingonthegrassland.2).有些名词只用复数形式：trousers,congratulations,thanks,goods,clothes,socks,shoes,belongings,savings。单复数同形的名词有些名词的复数形式同原形。这些名词有：deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,li(里),jin(斤),yuan(元),mu(亩),means(方式，方法)等。Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried.对于单复数同形的名词，一定要从题中找出关键信息(如谓语动词的单复数形式)，来确定其到底是表示单数意义还是复数意义。合成名词的复数1）把主体名词变成复数，如：lookers－on,editors－in－chief(总编辑),fathers－in－law(岳父)。2）没有主体名词时，在词尾加－s，如：grown－ups(成年人),go－betweens(中间人)。E.改错中注意修饰名词的代词，如：Many，much，few，little等名词的所有格所有格的构成1．‘s所有格的构成(1)通常在单数名词和不以－s结尾的复数名词的词尾加‘s，如：Jack’sbooks,Children’sDay,theboy’sbag,men’sroom,Tom’sdog,Jones’sfather,mybrother’sbooks,sheep’sskin。(2)以－s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加‘，如：thestudents’books。(3)作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加‘s，如：anhourandahalf’swalk(步行一个半小时的路程)；amonthortwo’sabsence(一两个月的缺席)。(4)以and连接的两个名词，表示共同所有时，在最后一个词的词尾加‘s，如：KateandMary’sfather(Kate和Mary是姐妹俩)；表示分别所有时，在每个名词后分别加’s，如：Kate’sfatherandMary’sfather(Kate和Mary不是姐妹俩)。【特别提醒】不定代词后接else时，其所有格放在else之后。如：somebodyelse'sbag,somebodyelse'sbooks。2.Of所有格的构成my/their...(this,that，.the,my/their...)＋无生命之物。所有格的用法1.'s所有格的用法1)常表示有生命的东西。如：Tom'sbirthday,thedog'sowner。(2)用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。如：①时间：aday'swork(一天的工作)，today'snewspaper；②距离：twentyminutes’ride,fiveminutes’walk,amile’sdistance；③天体：thesun’sheat,themoon’ssurface；④度量衡与货币价值：tendollars’worth,twentypounds’weight；⑤国家、城市等：China’sindustry,thecity’sdevelopment,thegovernment’splan,China’sdevelopment。(3)表示某人的家或店铺。如：atthedoctor's在诊所，thetailor’s裁缝铺，thebarber’s理发店，atmyuncle’s在我叔叔家。2.of所有格主要用于无生命的事物，也可以用于有生命的事物。如：thewindowofthehouse;amapofJapan;thenameofthegirlstandingatthegate。Doesanyoneknowthetitleofthenovel?Theyhavethesupportofpeopleofthedevelopingcountries.注意一组词的区别Fiveminutes’walkFiveminute’swalk名词词性变化其他词变名词的常见后缀ment/ion/ing/er/or/ist/ness/ce等什么情况变名词冠词+名词物主代词+名词数量词+名词形容词+名词名词的辨析语法填空泛练语法填空。(2017·石家庄质检一)WheneverPrinceGeorgestepsoutforanengagement,likeontheroyaltourofCanada,orposesfor1.(office)photographs,heonlyeverwearsshorts,2.haslongconfusedroyalwatchers.

AccordingtoWilliamHanson,3.expertinceremony,there’saverygoodreasonforthis—andithasnothingtodo4.fashion,butratheraroyaltraditionthat5.(date)backtocentury.Acentury.Anewbornbabywould6.(dress)inagownforhisfirstyearortwo.Thenhewas“breeched(穿裤礼)”andworearticlesofclothinglikeshorts.Theusualcustomisthataboygraduatestotrousersaroundeightyearsold.

Withtime7.(change),middleclassboysbegantoweartrousersbuttheyareconsideredsuburban(土气的)bytheupper.Hansonexplains,“8.isaveryEnglishthingtodressayoungboyinshorts.”TheBritishupperarealwayskeentoholdontotradition,andthisalso9.(silent)marksthemoutfrom“therest”.However,asforWilliamandKate,the10.(decide)todressGeorgeinshortsismorelikelydowntotraditionthanaclassissue.

【解题导语】本文为一篇说明文。每当乔治王子出去参加一个订婚仪式或为官方照片摆姿势时,他只穿短裤,这一直困扰着王室的观察家们。经礼仪专家研究发现,这种穿着打扮与时尚无关,而是一种可以追溯到16世纪的皇家传统。1.official考查形容词。应用形容词official修饰名词photographs。2.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本处应为非限制性定语从句,空处指代前面的“heonlyeverwearsshorts”这句话,应用关系代词which。3.an考查冠词。expert在文中第一次提到,应用不定冠词,且expert的读音以元音音素开头,故用an。4.with考查介词。此处为固定短语havenothingtodowithsth.,意为“与……无关”,故用介词with。5.dates考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为that引导的定语从句,先行词是aroyaltradition,是单数形式,故从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。6.bedressed考查动词的语态。Anewbornbaby和谓语dress之间构成动宾关系,故应用被动语态形式。7.changing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查with的复合结构,因time与change之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故此处应用change的现在分词形式changing。8.It考查代词。分析该句结构可知,动词不定式短语todressayoungboyinshorts做真正的主语,it做形式主语。9.silently考查副词。此处用副词silently修饰动词marks。10.decision考查名词。由空前的the可知,此处应用decide的名词形式decision。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。【2016高考训练】OnegirlnamedBeckyrodeabigbrownhorseintheraceevents.Shealwayswontheblueribbons.Needlesstosay,shedidn’tfeelthreatenedwhenIpetedagainstherashow.Shedidn’tneedto.Icameinnexttolast.ThestingingmemoryofBecky’ssmirksmademedeterminedtobeather.ForthewholenextmonthIwokeupearlyeverydayandrodeCowboyfivemilestothearena(赛马场).WepracticedrunningandjumpingforhoursinthehotsunandthenIwouldwalkCowboyhometotallyexhausted.Allofourhardworkdidn’tmakemefeelconfidentbythetimetheshowcame.IsatatthegateandsweateditoutwhileIwatchedBeckyandherhorsechargethroughthecourseandfinishinfirstplace.Myturnfinallycame.Iputonmyhat,rubbedCowboy’sneckandenteredthearena.Atthesignal,wedashedtowardthefirstfence,jumpeditwithouttroubleandracedontoone.Cowboythenflewoverthesecond,thirdandfourthfenceslikeabirdandIturnedhimtowardthefinishline.Aswecrossedthelinethecrowdwasshockedintosilence.CowboyandIhadbeatenBeckyandherfancyhorsebytwoseconds!Igainedmuchmorethanablueribbonthatday.Atthirteen,Irealizedthatnomatterwhattheodds,I’dalwayseoutawinnerifIwantedsomethingbadlyenoughtoworkforit.1.Theunderlinedexpression"shownthegate"(paragraph3)mostprobablymeans______.A.toldhowtoenterthearenaB.shownhowtomakethehorsebeautifulC.removedfromthepetitionearlyD.toldtoenterthetimedspeedevents2.Whenthefinalracefinished,nobodycheeredbecause.A.theaudiencedidn’tlikeCowboy B.peopleenviedthewriterC.thewinwasunexpectedD.thewriterbadrunoutoftime3.Whywasthewriternotconfidentofvictory?A.Hewasaninexperiencedrider.B.Hehadnotpracticedenough.C.Hebelievedhewasunpopularwiththecrowd.D.Hethoughthishorsewasn’tasgoodastheothers.4.Whatdidthewriterlearnfromhisexperience?A.Lifecansometimesbeunfair.B.Anythingispossibleifonetrieshardenough.C.Apositiveattitudewillbringsuccess.D.Oneshouldnotmakejudgmentsbasedonappearance.参考答案1—4、CCDB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。【2016高考训练】Lastweek,whilevisitingmydadwithmydaughter,wewenttoarestaurantfordinner.Whenwewereseated,mydadaskedthewaitressiftherewereanysoldierseatingattherestaurant.Thenwaitresssaidtherewasasoldierhavingdinnerwithhisfriend.Mydadtoldthewaitresstotellthesoldierandhisfriendthattheirdinnerwaspaidfor!Healsosaidthathedidnotwanttobeknownasthebenefactor(施主). Thenwaitresslatermentedonmydad’sthoughtfulbehaviorsayingthatshehadneverseenanythinglikethisbefore.Atalocalcollege,shehadstudiedoperaandsosheusedthistothankmydadbyperformingapiecefromThePearlFisherman.Hervoicebroughtmetotearsbecauseitsoundedperfect! Afterawhile,thesoldierappearedatourtable(Idon’tknowhowheknewmydadpaidthebillforhim.)andsaidthathewouldbesenttothefronmorningandthathecouldnotleavethiscountrywithoutsaying“thanks”tomydad.Mydadrepliedthatitwashewhowantedtosay“thanks”.Theyshookhandsastheso