2025-2026学年河北雄安容西容兴高级中学高三下学期4月(一) 英语试题

2025-2026学年河北雄安容西容兴高级中学高三下学期4月(一)英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试时间为120分钟，满分150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Stopatacafé. B.Gototheairportdirectly. C.Eatataservicestation.2.Whydoesthewomanaskthemanforhelp?A.Shelosthermathnotes.B.Shemissedthemathclass.C.Shecan’tunderstandtheexamples.3.Howlongdoesittakethemantodrivetoworkduringtherushhour?A.Aboutanhour. B.About40minutes. C.About30minutes.4.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Toconfirmabox. B.Toplaceanorder. C.Tomakeacomplaint.5.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inthelibrary. B.Inaclothingstore. C.Atabarber’s.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anexhibitionexperience.B.Afamousphotographer.C.Awildlifeprotectionevent.7.Whatdidthewomanmissyesterday?A.Anactivitywithhercousin.B.ThesectionfeaturingArcticanimals.C.Thetalkandmeaningfulprints.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatistheman’sfirstreactiontothe“no-spendweekends”?A.Excited. B.Unconvinced. C.Annoyed.9.Wheredidthewomanlearnaboutthe“no-spendweekends”?A.Fromherneighbor. B.Fromherclassmate. C.Fromherroommate.10.WhatwillthespeakersdoonSunday?A.Watchamovie.B.Goonaparkhike.C.Visitacommunitylibrary.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatistheaimofthecompetitionthisyear?A.Tofindthebestsinger.B.Tochoosealeadingdancer.C.Toincreasephysicalactivity.12.Whenwillthesportshallclosethisweek?A.At8:00p.m. B.At9:00p.m. C.At10:30p.m.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewswimmingpool?A.Itisbiggerthantheoldone.B.Itwillbefreeforthefirstweek.C.Itwillbeopenearlierthanplanned.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatwasthemainchallengefortheman’sonlinebusinessoriginally?A.Findingqualitywoodatagoodprice.B.Choosingasuitableworkshop.C.Designingtheonlineshop.15.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheman?A.He’sadventurous. B.He’sdevoted. C.He’scompetitive.16.Whatdoesthemanplantodonext?A.Enlargehisoffice. B.Createnewproducts. C.Launchmarketingads.17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellowworkers. B.Businesspartners. C.Formerschoolmates.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.WhatinitiallyinspiredMark’scareerchoice?A.Hisgrandfather’sstories.B.Avolunteerexperience.C.Atriptoheritagesites19.WhatisMark’steammainlyworkingonnow?A.Writingabookaboutlocalhistory.B.Digitallysavingancientfolksongs.C.Buildinganewculturalmuseum.20.WhatdoesMarkadvisestudentstodoforculturalprotection?A.Visitlocalcommunities.B.Interviewelderlyresidents.C.Volunteeratculturalinstitutions.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheMulticulturalAlumni(校友)HallofFameatStanfordUniversitycelebratestheoutstandingachievementsofitsdiversealumniwhohavedistinguishedthemselvesthroughexceptionalsuccessineducation,career,andservice.Thisyear,fourremarkableindividualswerehonoredfortheirexcellentaccomplishments.ElizabethParentElizabethParentisapioneerinNativeeducation,becomingthefirstAlaskaNativewomantoearnaPhDandthefirsttoachievetenure(终身职位)asafullprofessor.ShebrokebarriersandbecamethefirstprofessorofAmericanIndianstudiesatSanFranciscoStateUniversity.HerlifelongcommitmenttoNativestudentsuccesshasearnedheraplaceintheAlaskaWomen’sHallofFame.PadillaPeraitaPadillaPeraltaisahistorianoftheRomanRepublicandEmpire,withakeeninterestinthelongtermhistories.Heistheauthorofseveralaward-winningscholarlyworksonRomanhistoryandculturalidentity.Asaco-founderofaclassicsscholarshipprogram,hehasadvancedinitiativestodiversifythefieldofclassicswhileproducinginfluentialscholarshiponcommunityandrace.NicoleTaylorTayloristhepresidentandCEOofSiliconValleyCommunityFoundation(SVCF),theworld’slargestcommunityfoundation.Shemanagesmorethan$16billioninfunds.Since2018,shehasguidedSVCFtowardaddressinglocalchallengeswhilepromotingcharity.AformerStanfordadministratorandnonprofitleader,TaylorhasbeenrecognizedontheTIME100Philanthropylist(2025).FrancisWongWongisacelebratedmusician,composer,andculturalorganizerforcombiningartisticinnovationwithcommunityactivism.Overhis40-yearcareer,hehasperformedworldwideandcofoundedanonprofittosupportAsianAmericanartists.HonoredasaFordFoundationVisionaryArtist,healsoservesasalecturerinAsianAmericanstudiesatSanFranciscoStateUniversity.21.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthetext?A.TopraisetheimpactofalumnionStanford.B.Tocompareexcellentalumni’scareerpaths.C.Tohonorkeyfiguresinhighereducation.D.Tointroduceseveralaward-winningalumni.22.Whomakesgreateffortstosupportscholarshipprograms?A.ElizabethParent. B.NicoleTaylor.C.PadillaPeralta. D.FrancisWong.23.WhatdoElizabethParentandFrancisWonghaveincommon?A.Theybothholdteachingpositions.B.Theybothsucceedinmusicandarts.C.Theywerebothrecognizedbynonprofits.D.TheybothfocusonNativeAmericanissues.BCarlaPérezcanfeelthedifferencewhenshecrossestheinvisiblelineat8,300metersabovesealevel.“Belowtheline,youstillhavealotofcontroloveryourthoughtsandaction,”shesays.“It’salmostnormal.”Butwhensheclimbshigher,thingschange.“Youstarttoloseyourcontrolofyourmind.Youcannottalkverywell—it’slikeyouaredrunk,”sheexplains.Herbodyrespondsslowlytohercommands.Coldandtirednessweighherdown.That’swheretherealtestbegins.Oftheworld’sfourteen8,000-meterpeaks,onlyfivesurpass8,300meters.Pérez,42,apioneeringmountaineerfromEcuador,hassofarsummitedthreewithouttheuseofsupplemental(辅助的)oxygen.ShewasthefirstwomanintheworldtosummitK2andEverestinthesameyearwithoutoxygenandhasbecomearolemodelforwomenandgirlsthroughoutSouthAmerica.ClimbingcalledtoPérezfromanearlyage.Herfatherwouldtakethefamilyondayhikes.“ComingfromEcuador,wedidn’thavethesamecultureofclimbing.Itwasjustaquestionmarkinmyhead,”shesays.At18,whensheattendeduniversityinFrance,shechosetoclimbtheAlps.“Afterthattrip,theworldstartedtoopen,andsoonIbeganexploringnewhighmountains,”sheadds.BackinEcuador,afteruniversity,Pérez’spassionformountaineeringpushedhertopursueacareerasamountainguide.ShewastrainedbyIvanVallejo,oneofthefewtosummitallfourteen8,000-meterpeakswithoutsupplementaloxygenandsoonbecamealicensedmountainguide.Pérezalsohelpsothersbreaktheirownboundariesthroughaprojectcalled“BeyondaPeak”.ThegroupoffersmonthlymountaintripsforEcuadorianswithdisabilities,inparttohonnorherunclewhohadcerebralpalsy(脑瘫),whichlimitedhisopportunitiestoexperiencetheoutdoors.Lookingahead,PérezaimstoclimbtheremainingtwoofthefivehighestpeaksandexploresomeofthelesserknownHimalayanroutes.Andherbiggestdreamistosomedaypioneeranewroutetooneofthosesummits.“Climbingwithoutsupplementaloxygenisadeepexplorationofyourbody,limits,andthepossibilitiesthatyouhave.Forme,it’salsoaprofoundconnectionwiththeEarth,”shesays.24.HowdoesCarlaPérezfeelaboutclimbingabove8,300meters?A.It’srefreshing. B.It’schallenging.C.It’scontrollable. D.It’spredictable.25.WhatinitiallybroadenedPérez’svisioninmountaineering?A.ExploringtheAlpsabroad. B.GainingVallejo’sguidance.C.Becomingamountainguide. D.Hikingwithfamilyinchildhood.26.WhydidPérezlaunchtheproject“BeyondaPeak”?A.Totrainprofessionalclimbers. B.Topurelyhonourheruncle.C.Toassistthedisabledinclimbing. D.ToraisefundsforyoungEcuadorians.27.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMostThrillingClimbingExperienceB.ARoleModelforDevelopingAmbitionEarlyC.CarlaPérez:AnInspiringFemaleMountaineerD.MountainClimbing:ATestforPhysicalStrengthCNewbite-resistantmaterialscanreducedamagefromwhiteandtigersharks’multi-rowedteeth,researchersreportinWildlifeResearch.Thematerialsblocksevereinjuriesthatleadtodeadlybloodlossduringsharkattacks.Sharksgenerallyleavehumansalone.In2024,therewere71sharkbitesglobally,withonlysevendeaths.Whilebitenumbershaveremainedstableordecreasedinsomeregions,theoverallnumberofsharkbiteshasincreased.“Thatleadstomoreconcernfromthepublicaboutthesesharkbitesandwhatcouldbedonetoreducetherisks,”saysCharlieHuveneers,amarinebiologistatFlindersUniversityinAdelaide,Australia.Existingtechnologies,likedevicesthatdisturbshark’sabilitytosensetheirtarget’selectricfields,canhelprepelsharks.Insteadofpreventingsharkencountersentirely,bite-resistantwetsuitsareemergingasanimportantnewsafetyoption.Buttraditionalshark-resistantsuitsareheavyandmakeswimmingdifficult.Theupdatedwetsuitmaterialsaimtomaximizeprotectionwithoutreducingfunctionality.Huveneersandhiscolleaguestestedfourdifferentbite-resistantmaterialstoenhancethetraditionalartificialmaterial.Onedesignintegratesprotectivepanelswithsmallsectionsoftraditionalsuits,coveringhigh-riskareaslikethemainarteries(动脉)inthearmsandlegs.OtherdesignsuseKevlar,usedinbulletproofvests(防弹背心),orstrongyetlightweightfiberslikepolyethylene,commonlyfoundinsailboatropes.Totestthematerials,theresearchersattractedwhiteandtigersharks,whichcausemostofthebitesinAustralia,totheirboatwithbait(诱饵)balls.Oncesharksshowedinterest,thescientistsreplacedthebaitwitheitherbite-resistantortraditionalwetsuitmaterialattachedto“bitepackages”.Allfourmaterialsnearlyeliminatedseveredamage,evenaftersharksbitordraggedthepackagesunderwater.Thetraditionalmaterialhaddeepholes,whilethebite-resistantmaterialswereleftwithshallowmarks,morelikehouseholdpets’teethmarks.Theinnovationmaypreventoceanenthusiastsfrombleedingout,whichisthemaincauseofdeathintherareeventofsharkattacks.Huveneersnotesthatthesematerialscannotpreventalltherisk(e.g.,internalinjuriesmaystilloccur)andarenotauniversalfix.Theyshouldbeusedalongsideotherstrategies,includingeducation,technologyandbeachsafetypractices.28.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Human-sharkconflictshavereduced. B.Globalsharkbitesamountisstable.C.Sharkbitestypicallyleadtodeath. D.Preventingsharkattacksisessential.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“repel”inparagraph3mean?A.Appealto. B.Calmdown. C.Driveaway. D.Searchfor.30.Howdidtheresearchersconductthematerialtest?A.Bymodellingsharkbitebehaviors. B.Byattractingsharkstobitesamples.C.Bycomparingwithpreviousdata. D.Byanalyzingmaterialcomposition.31.WhatdoesHuveneersthinkofthenewmaterials?A.Theyarecost-effectivesolutions. B.Theyhavecertainlimitations.C.Theywillminimizehumaninjuries. D.Theyaresuperiortoexistingsafetymethods.DLeft-handedpeoplehaveoftenbeenviewedinanegativeway.Infact,inmanycultures,usingthelefthandhasbeenseenasawkward,wrong,orevenunlucky.Forinstance,inFrench,theword“gauche”meansboth“left”and“awkward”.InEnglish,“left”comesfromanoldwordmeaning“weak”,andtheword“sinister”comesfromtheLatinwordfor“left,”linkingittobadluck.Whilethesedaysmanyplacesaren’tasnegativeaboutbeingleft-handedastheyoncewere,left-handedpeoplearestillasmallgroup.Specifically,onlyabout10%oftheworld’spopulationusestheirlefthandforwritingandothertasks.Sowhyaretheresofewleft-handedpeople?Scientiststhinkitmaybeamixofgenetics(遗传学)andchance.Andoneparticulargeneresponsibleforproteincodingmightbepartoftheanswer.Inastudyinvolvingmorethan350,000people,researchersfoundthatthosewitharareversionofthisgeneweremorelikelytobeleft-handed.Fewerthan1%ofpeoplehavethisraregene,butleft-handedpeoplewere2.7timesmorelikelytocarryitthanright-handedpeople.Thisparticulargenehelpsbuildtinystructuresinourcellscalledmicrotubules(微管).Notonlydomicrotubulesshapecells,butthey’reespeciallyimportantwhenthefoetus’(胎儿)brainisgrowingbeforebirth.Scientistsbelievetheymayaffecthowthebraindevelops,andespeciallyhowitstwosidesform.Thismattersbecausedifferentsidesofthebraincontroldifferentthings—theleftsidecontrolstherightsideofthebody,andtherightsidecontrolstheleft.Therefore,ifonesideofthebrainbecomesstrongerduringdevelopment,itcouldleadsomeonetopreferusingonehandovertheother.However,thisdoesn’texplainallcasesofleft-handedness—andsomescientistssaythat,inmostcases,beingleft-orright-handedmayactuallyberandom.Evenso,thisgenedoesgiveresearchersideasabouthowthebraindevelops,andwhyhandednessmaybedifferentfromonepersontoanother.32.Whatdotheexamplesmentionedinparagraph1mainlyillustrate?A.Left-handedpeopleareweakandunlucky.B.Theoriginalmeaningsof“left”aredifferent.C.Left-handedpeopleweretreatedbadlypreviously.D.Manycultureshavenegativeviewsonleft-handedness.33.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocusonaboutleft-handedness?A.Itsgeneticconstitution. B.Itspossiblecauses.C.Itseffectonbrainstructures. D.Itsrarepopulation.34.Howdoesbraindevelopmentrelatetohandedness?A.Brainsidesdevelopequallyinallpeople.B.Moremicrotubulesleadtoright-handedness.C.Microtubulesshapethebodybeforethebirth.D.Astrongerbrainsidemaycausehandpreference.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheraregeneinthelastparagraph?A.Itprovidescluesforbroaderresearch.B.Itmakeshandednesscompletelyrandom.C.It’stheprimaryfactortoaffecthandedness.D.Itsroleindecidinghanduseiswidelyrecognized.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itissaidthatthemostimportantrelationshipyouhaveiswithyourself.Yourthoughtsandactionshaveapowerfulimpactonyourinneremotionalstateandhowyouexperiencelifeitself.Whileputtingyourselffirstshouldbethepriority,thatisn’talwayswhathappensinreality.____36____Thiscanleadtoweakboundaries,frustration,anddissatisfaction.However,throughsimplesteps,youcanlearntobeyourownbestfriend.Youcanstartbyprioritizingyourhealth.Withouthealth,youwon’tbeabletoshowupforyourownlifeorforyourlovedones.____37____Findwaystobalanceallofthesesoyoufeelsafe,secure,andstableinyourbody,home,andcommunity.Anotherpositivestepyoucantakeislisteningtoyourneedsanddesires.____38____Rememberthisisthekeytofindingproperpartners,careers,andlifestyles—becauseyourvaluesanddesiresmatter.Sostaytruetoyourselfandhavefaithindiscoveringpeopleandopportunitiesthatmeetyourneeds.____39____Soworktowardapassionprojectthatlightsyouup,ratherthanmindlesslybrowsingsocialmedia.Thinkabouthowyouwouldwanttospendyourtimeifyouhadmoreofit,andcreatemomentstodojustthat.Youhavethepowertofillyourownlifebychoosinghowyouinvestyourtime.Yourconnectiontoyourselfisfoundational.Howyouspeaktoyourselfandwhetheryoumeetyourneedsisthebaseofanyotherrelationshipyouhaveinyourlife.Somakesuretocheckinwithyourthoughtsandfeelings,treatyourselfwithkindness,andcarveouttimeforselfcare.____40____A.Respectingyourtimeisequallyessential.B.Throughthesesteps,youcanbeyourownbestfriend.C.Makesuretoalsosurroundyourselfwithpositivepeople.D.Independencehelpsyoulearntotrustandrelyonyourself.E.Youmayeasilyforgetyourneedswhileattemptingtofitinwithothers.F.Byvaluingyourneeds,youprovideyourselfwithyourownrecognition.G.Rememberthatitincludesyourmental,physicalandemotionalwell-being.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasaquieteveninginMumbai,India.Rajesh,ayoungclerk,stoodatacrowdedbusstopgraspinghiswornwallet.Insidelayjustone10-rupee(卢比)coin.He____41____.Thebusfarehomewas8rupees,andheintendedtopurchaseasmallcupofhotcoffeewiththeremaining____42____.Ashewaited,henoticedastreetvendor(小贩)____43____herwoodenvehicle.Thewheelgotstuckandalittleboy,barefootand____44____,hurriedtohelphermoveforward.Rajeshwatchedtheboy.Histornshirt,tiredeyes,andshysmile____45____hisheart.Whenthevendorofferedtheboyanappleasthanks,he____46____politely.“Thankyou,madam.Youkeepitforselling.”Thebushornsounded.Rajeshsteppedforwardbutthenstopped____47____.Hesawtheboysitbyalamppostaloneandthenhereachedintohis____48____.Thebusarrived,yetheletitpassand____49____theboy,saying,“Takethisandbuyyourselfsomethinghottoeat.”Theboy’seyes____50____.“Sir,Ican’t!”Rajeshsmiled,“Youhelpedsomeonewithoutexpectinga____51____.Letmedothesame.”Theboyeventually____52____andrantowardsafoodstand.Fromthatdayon,Rajeshalwayskeptasmallenvelopeinhiswallet____53____“KindnessFund”.Eachweekhedroppedafewcoinsinside.Somewentto____54____childrenlikethatboy,otherstoelderlyfruitsellers.Andwheneverhefeltlow,herecalledthatevening—whenthelastcoininhiswalletbecamethefirst____55____forpassingonkindness.41.A.sighed B.panicked C.hesitated D.astonished42.A.check B.change C.note D.savings43.A.puttingaway B.fixingup C.pullingoff D.strugglingwith44.A.dizzy B.upset C.dusty D.awkward45.A.broke B.struck C.filled D.calmed46.A.switched B.quoted C.declined D.opposed47.A.casually B.naturally C.anxiously D.suddenly48.A.wallet B.ticket C.shirt D.phone49.A.encountered B.observed C.welcomed D.approached50.A.cleared B.widened C.lowered D.darkened51.A.favour B.reply C.permission D.reward52.A.escaped B.accepted C.ignored D.regretted53.A.implied B.wrapped C.labeled D.accompanied54.A.needy B.ambitious C.reliable D.straightforward55.A.request B.wonder C.inspiration D.option第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AsvisitorsstepintoflagstonepathsofKunming,capitalofYunnanprovince,theyare____56____(gentle)transportedintoanothererabythecity’sancientarchitecture.LaotianbloggerParnSivlai,whohasover1.2millionfollowers,____57____(fascinate)duringavisittoaHanfuexperiencestoreinKunmingearlierthisyear.Afterselectinghisoutfit,hedecidedtosharethecharmofthetraditionalclothingonsocialmedia,____58____(narrate)theaesthetics(美学)andculturalstoriesbehindtheclothes.Sivlaiispartof____59____increasingwaveofinternationaltouristswhoarechoosingtoconnectwithChineseculturethrough“wearable”experiences.Thetrendisgainingpopularitynationwide.InLuoyang,aVietnamesetourist’sHanfuphotosgainedmanylikes.InBeijing,longqueuesformneartheForbiddenCity,____60____touristswaittowearimperial-stylecostumesforphotoshoots.ThibautGrzelakfromFrancetriedonHanfuforthefirsttimeinXitangAncientTown.____61____(draw)tothecolorsandelegance,hesaidtheexperiencemadehimfeeltrulyintegratedintothescenery.Toencouragedeepercultural____62____(engage),Xitangactivelypromotes____63____(it)onsocialmediaandtourismplatforms.Onlineticketing,multilingualservicesandgroupdiscountshavemadevisitsmoreaccessibleforoverseastravelersaswell.ExpertsowethesoaringpopularityofphotoshootsinChina____64____improvedconvenienceforinboundtravelandtheappealofChineseculture.Socialmediahasalsoboostedthetrend.Photostakenatlandmarksquicklyturninto“check-inroutes”,inspiringothers______65______(follow).Expertssaythetrendsignalsamovetowarddeeperculturalexchange,reflectingsharedenthusiasmfortraditionalChineseaestheticsanddailylife.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66.假设你是李华，在你校英语广播站成立十周年之际，负责人Jenny现面向全体同学征集改进建议，以期节目能更贴近大家的需求，请你给她写一封邮件，内容包括：1.你的建议；2.你的理由。注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJenny,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Reflectingonsixyearsofteaching,IalwayspromisedmyselfthatIwouldn’tjustdosomethingto“doit”.Mygoalwastomakeadifferenceinstudents’lives.Ihopedtowakeupwithapurpose,helpchildrenlearn,andfallasleepknowingmyworkmattered.However,haveIachievedmygoal?Truthfully,theanswerisno.Infact,mostly,Ijusthoped.Livinginasmallagriculturalcommunity,Iamsurroundedbyfarmers.Iwatchfarmersplantingseeds,wateringandfertilizingthempatiently.Theyinvestcountlesshoursprovidingforandprotectingtheirunseencrops,knowingthattimeis