Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语北师大版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit3ConservationLesson1TheSixthExtinctionVocabulary1.blameblamesb.for(doing)sth.因（做）某事而责备某人blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人betoblame(for…)该（为……）受责备（用主动形式表被动意义）accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.对某事负责，承担责任put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人练习：Don't_________yourfailuretoothers.blame2.occursth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccurstosb.that…某人突然想起……练习：Theidea________tohiminadream.3.survivalsurvivev.幸免于难，幸存；比……活得长surviveon…依靠……生存下来survivorn.幸存者练习：His__________isarealwonder.occurredVocabularysurvival4.dieoutdieaway逐渐消失；逐渐减弱。侧重指已经减弱到一个状态diedown逐渐变弱；逐渐平息。侧重于减弱的过程dieoff相继死去练习：Thisspecieshasnearly_____________.diedoutVocabulary5.dependondependonsb.todosth.依靠某人做某事dependonsb.forsth.靠某人供给某物dependon/uponitthat…指望……，对……深信不疑练习：Youmay___________hertohelpyou.dependonVocabulary6.atriskattheriskof…冒着……风险take/runtheriskof…冒着……风险takerisks/arisktodosth.冒险做某事riskdoingsth.冒险做某事riskone'slifetodosth.某人冒着生命危险做某事练习：Ifwegotowar,innocentliveswillbe___________atriskVocabularyLeadinginHowmuchdoyouknowaboutextinction?Choosetheoptionbasedonyourknowledge.1.HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthalmostdiedout?aOnce.bFivetimes.cMorethan10times.2.AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemassextinctionknownasthe"GreatDying"?aLessthan10%.bNearly50%.cMorethan90%.3.Whatdoscientiststhinkwillcausethenextmassextinction?aHumanactivity.bNaturalcauses.cUnknownreasons.ACTIVATEANDSHAREAnswers:b,c,aReadatextaboutextinction.ThencheckyouranswersinActivity1.What'sthetextmainlyabout?Thetextisaboutextinctionanditseffectonourplanet.READANDEXPLOREReadthetext.Completethenotes.Thentalkaboutthedifferentaspectsofextinctions.READANDEXPLOREReadthetext.Completethenotes.Thentalkaboutthedifferentaspectsofextinctions.1.Meaningofextinction:entirespeciesarewipedout2.Thenumberofextinctionsoccurredsofar:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlived3.Twonotableextinctionsandtheirconsequences:thethirdmassextinction,killed90%to96%ofallspecies;thefifthevent,whichoccurred66millionyearsago,causedthedeathofthedinosaursREADANDEXPLOREReadthetext.Completethenotes.Thentalkaboutthedifferentaspectsofextinctions.4.Mainreasonsthatcauseextinctions:volcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace,changesinsealevels,thedecreaseofoxygencontentofthesea,globalwarming5.Howtoavoidthesixthmassextinction:changethewaywelive,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected;changehowweworkandtravelbyusingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergy;improveourfarmingmethodsREADANDEXPLOREReadagain.Answerthequestions.1.Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?Thestudyfoundthathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses,thatis,the"backgroundextinctionrate".Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.2.Whydoesthewriterthinkthesixthmassextinctionwillcome?BecausehumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.READANDEXPLOREReadagain.Answerthequestions.3.Whydoesthewriterbelievewe'llprobablydieoutif75%oftheEarth'sspeciesdieout?Becauseourworldandourlivesdependonthebalanceinnaturebetweenanimalsandplants.READANDEXPLOREReadagain.Answerthequestions.4.Whatdidpeopledointhecasestudytoprotectblackrobins?Whichclaim(s)didthecasestudysupportinthetext?PeopleprotectedOldBlue'seggs,helpedthemtohatch,andtookcareofthechicks.Peoplearerestoringtheirhabitatsandremovingpestslikemiceandcatsfromtheislandswheretheylive.Thecasestudyshowedthatevenindesperatesituations,wecandosomethingtohelp.Inshort,it'snevertoolate.READANDEXPLOREGroup

WorkThinkandshare1.Usedifferentcolouredpenstohighlightatleastoneexampleforeachofthefourelementslistedbelowindifferentcolours.Thenfindout(1)whattypicallanguageisused?(2)Whattexttypeisthispieceofwriting?(3)Whatisitscommunicativepurpose?factsopinions/predictionsreasonssolutionsSuggestedAnswers:(1)Facts:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlivedareextinct;the“GreatDying",whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies;humanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.Reasons:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishingarecausingspeciestodieout;withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreatheandwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.Group

WorkThinkandshareSuggestedAnswers:Opinions/predictions:manyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth'ssixthmassextinction;scientistsbelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.Solutions:weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected;weneedtochangehowweworkandtravel…;wealsoneedtoimproveourfarmingmethods…Group

WorkThinkandshareSuggestedAnswers:(2)Thispieceofwritingisanexposition.(3)Itspurposeistoexplainwhatthesixthextinctionisanditseffectsandcallonpeopletotakeactiontopreventitfromhappening.Group

WorkThinkandshare2.Whatwaysofargumentdoesthewriterusetoconvincereaders?Areyouconvinced?Whyorwhynot?Thewriteruseswayssuchascitingideasfromexpertsorauthorities,givingexamplesandusingdata.Ibelievethatifwetakeactionnowitisnottoolatetosaveotherspeciesfromextinction.Theblackrobinwassavedfromextinctionwhenonlyfivebirdsremained,solthinkitispossibletosaveanyspeciesifweactrightnow.Group

WorkThinkandshareUsetheadjectivesandnounstomakemeaningfulexpressions.Thenuseeachexpressiontomakeasentence.Writethesentencesinthespaceprovided.endangeredanimals,entirespecies,naturalresources,significantchange,massextinction,solarenergyCompletetheparagraphaboutextinctionsusingthecorrectformofthephrasesbelow.Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivemassextinctioneventsonEarth.Inthethirdevent,which1______________the"GreatDying",90%to96%ofallspecies2______________.Ofcourse,speciesdiedoutduetomanycauses.Butnowadays,humanactivity3______________alltypesofspeciesthatwe4______________forliving.Weneedto5______________todieoutbeknownashaveaffecteddependonwipeouttakestepstakeactionssetuptakecareofisknownasdiedouthasaffecteddependontakeactionCompletetheparagraphaboutextinctionsusingthecorrectformofthephrasesbelow.avoidthesixthmassextinction.Weshould6______________tosaveendangeredanimalsandplants,and7______________specialareasto8______________thembeforethenextextinctioncomesthatmay9______________theentirespecies.dieoutbeknownashaveaffecteddependonwipeouttakestepstakeactionssetuptakecareoftakestepssetuptakecareofwipeoutFOCUSONLANGUAGE:RELATIVECLAUSES(4)-DEFININGANDNON-DEFININGCLAUSESReadthesentencesanddiscusswhichword(s)theclauses(initalics)referto.1.Extinctions,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth'shistory.Referstoextinctions2.Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe"GreatDying",whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.Referstothe"GreatDying"FOCUSONLANGUAGE:RELATIVECLAUSES(4)-DEFININGANDNON-DEFININGCLAUSESReadthesentencesanddiscusswhichword(s)theclauses(initalics)referto.3.A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS,lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses...Referstoscientists4.Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.ReferstoscientistsFOCUSONLANGUAGE:RELATIVECLAUSES(4)-DEFININGANDNON-DEFININGCLAUSESReadthesentencesanddiscusswhichword(s)theclauses(initalics)referto.5Weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.ReferstospecialareasWhichoftheclausesabove:(1)giveinformationtoidentifythepersons/objects.(____________)(2)giveextrainformationaboutapersonorathing,whichcanbeleftout.(_________________)definingclausenon-definingclauseFOCUSONLANGUAGE:RELATIVECLAUSES(4)-DEFININGANDNON-DEFININGCLAUSES2.Underlinetherelativeclausesinthesentencesanddecideiftheyaredefining(D)ornon-defining(ND).TranslatethemintoChinese.Discussthedifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwotypesofrelativeclauses.()1Hewenttoacitywhereironwasproducedinhugequantities.()2ThebuswhichwasfulloftouristsstoppedneartheLeaningTowerofPisa.()3Melissalentmesomemoney,whichwasverygenerousofher.DDNDFOCUSONLANGUAGE:RELATIVECLAUSES(4)-DEFININGANDNON-DEFININGCLAUSES2.Underlinetherelativeclausesinthesentencesanddecideiftheyaredefining(D)ornon-defining(ND).TranslatethemintoChinese.Discussthedifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwotypesofrelativeclauses.()4Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,whichmakesdrivingverydangerous.()5Imetthefamousprofessorinthehotel,wherethemeetingwasheld.NDNDChoosetwoorthreeenvironmentalproblemsthatarecausedbyhumanactivity.Offersolutions.Trytouserelativeclauseswhereappropriate.EXPRESSYOURSELFGroupWork语法：定语从句在句中充当定语修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句可分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。语法：定语从句对比两句：Thisisthehousewhich/thatweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。语法：定语从句限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，做宾语时一些关系代词可以省略非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这一从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,whom,whose,which,when,where

等，不用一般that，不能省略限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。ThenhemetMary,whoinvitedhimtoaparty.后来他遇到了玛丽，玛丽邀请他参加晚会。（who指代Mary）Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。（which指代逗号前的整个主句）语法：定语从句1.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类。语法：定语从句关系代词先行词作用备注who人主语关系代词whom,which,that在从句中做宾语时常可以省略，但在介词后不能省略。whom人宾语whose人、物定语that人、物主语、宾语which物、句子主语、宾语as人、物、句子主语、宾语as做宾语时一般不省略1.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类。语法：定语从句关系副词先行词作用备注when时间时间状语相当于“介词+which”where地点地点状语相当于“介词+which”why原因原因状语相当于“for+which”2.关系代词的用法（1）只能用that引导定语从句的情况：①当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时。如：Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.对他来说，世界上似乎没有什么不可能的事情。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（1）只能用that引导定语从句的情况：②当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstAmericanmoviethatIwatchedwasTitanic.我看的第一部美国电影是《泰坦尼克号》。③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThisisthebestmuseumthatIhavevisitedallmylife.这是我这辈子参观过的最棒的博物馆。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（1）只能用that引导定语从句的情况：④当先行词被thevery,theonly,thefirst/last等修饰时。如：Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.她是唯一理解我的人。⑤当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?王先生住的是哪一个房间？语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（1）只能用that引导定语从句的情况：⑥当先行词既指人又指物时。如：Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个正在街上走的人和他的驴子。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（2）只能用which引导定语从句的情况：①关系代词前有介词时只能用which。如：Thisistheroominwhichshelived.这是她住过的房间。②在非限制性定语从句中，关系词指物时只能用which。如：HewillmakeatriptoSuzhou,whichisfamousforitsbeautifulscenicspots.他将到苏州去旅行，那里因其美丽的景点而闻名。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（2）只能用which引导定语从句的情况：③先行词本身是that时只能用which。如：Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.时钟显示时间。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（3）用as引导定语从句的情况：①在限制性定语从句中，当先行词被thesame,such,as修饰时，定语从句用as引导。如：Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.类似这样经常被提及的问题应该得到解决。HewouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.他想用我昨天用过的同一支笔。Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.要求读多少书我就读多少书。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（3）用as引导定语从句的情况：②在非限制性定语从句中，as和which都可以用于指代整个主句。区别在于：as引导时意为“正如”，可位于句首或句中；而which引导时意为“这一点；这件事”，只能位于句中。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（3）用as引导定语从句的情况：as构成的固定表达：asisknowntoallasweallknowasisoftenthecaseasisexpected语法：定语从句asisoftensaidasisreportedasishopedasisstressed2.关系代词的用法（4）定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”的用法：做介词的宾语的关系代词一般是which和whom。“介词＋which/whom”既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（4）定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”的用法：①介词＋关系代词MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.＝MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforadvice.曼德拉是我向其征求建议的一位黑人律师。Istillrememberthedayonwhichwehadabigparty.我仍然记得我们举行一场盛大聚会的那一天。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（4）定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”的用法：注意：介词的选择与先行词或者从句的谓语动词有关。把先行词放到从句里写出一个完整的句子，然后再将先行词换成对应的关系代词。固定短语中的介词不能提到关系代词的前面。如：Heisthemanthat/whomyourmothertookcareoflastmonth.他是你母亲上个月照顾的那个人。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（4）定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”的用法：②名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.＝LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishnovels.上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中3本是英文小说。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（4）定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”的用法：③形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（5）定语从句中whose的用法：①whose既可以指人，又可指物，在定语从句中做定语，表示“……人的；……物的”。如：Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。语法：定语从句2.关系代词的用法（5）定语从句中whose的用法：whose指物时可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名词”。如：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.门坏了的那间教室将很快得到修缮。语法：定语从句3.关系副词的用法当先行词是表时间、地点、方式或原因等的词，且从句缺状语时，从句用关系副词引导。关系副词有时可转化为“介词＋关系代词”。如：Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.这里是我们度过童年的地方。语法：定语从句3.关系副词的用法注意：（1）当先行词是表时间、地点、方式、原因等的词时，只有在从句缺状语时才用关系副词引导；否则，用关系代词引导。如：He'llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmotherpassedaway.他会永远记住他的奶奶去世的那一天。Iwillalwaysrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.我会永远记住我们在乡下一起度过的那一天。语法：定语从句3.关系副词的用法注意：（1）当先行词是表时间、地点、方式、原因等的词时，只有在从句缺状语时才用关系副词引导；否则，用关系代词引导。如：Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.这是我父亲曾经工作过的工厂。Thisisthefactorythat/whichtheyshowedusaroundlastyear.这是去年他们领我们参观的工厂。语法：定语从句3.关系副词的用法注意：（1）当先行词是表时间、地点、方式、原因等的词时，只有在从句缺状语时才用关系副词引导；否则，用关系代词引导。如：Thisisthereasonwhy/forw