上海高三一模汇编（英语）阅读C篇

2021一模真题汇编

上海

（高三•英语）

一、2020-2021学年高三英语一模卷汇编

6.阅读C篇

Directions:Readthefallowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatfilsbestaccordingtoi/ieinformationgiveninihepassageyouhavejustread.

One【宝山一模】

(C)

Uponreflectionoftheidealsocialmoralcode,withinonesentence,itwouldbe:beconstructive,

notdestructive.Though“beconstructive,notdestructive“soundssensible,therearcmanynuances

(slightdifferences).Sometimesitisdifficulttodetermineifanactisexactlyconstructiveordestructive.

Wccandecideifsomethingisconstructiveordestructivebasedondegree,fbrinstance.Sayyour

preschoolsonisactingupandbrokeaglassvase,evenafteryoutoldhimtostopgrabbingandplaying

withitseveraltimes.Yougetathoughtinyourmindtospankhimtogiveapunishmentforhisnaughty

action.However,youstarttofeelconfusedaboutwhetherthiswouldbeconstructiveordestruclive.It

mightshowhimthatnotlisteningtoyouandbreakingthingsisnotwelcome,butontheotherhand,

spankinghimisanactofaggressionthatwillhurthimphysicallyandperhapsteachhimtouseforcein

situationslaterinlife.Thereisnoexactwrongorrightinthesemoments.However,throughyotrown

reasoning,youcandecidetowhatdegreeitwouldbebeneficialorharmfultohimandthesitua:ionat

hand.Personally,Iwouldnotspankmyson.asIthinkitdoesmoredestructionthanconstruction.But,

thatisjustme.

Anothernuancetoconsderisthedefinitionwegivetoconstructionanddestruction.Forexample,

forsomepeople,constructioncanneverinvolveviolence,whileforothers,itcouldevenbeanessential

part.TaketheexampleofgoinghackintimeandkillingHitler.Killingsomeoneisdefinitelytermeda

destructiveact.However,inlightofthecircumstances,Iwouldassumethatthemajorityofpeople

wouldagreethatkillingHitlerattheheightofhispoweriftheyhadthechancewouldbeseenasa

constructive,thuspositiveact.Therefore,ourdefinitionsoftendetennineourvaluesandhowwe

behaveuponthoseprinciples.

Additionally,constructionanddestructioncanbefilteredthroughasociopoliticallens.Constructioncan

beseenasgoodtosome,andbadtoothers.Takeforinstancecreatingnewhomesinaforestedarea.Yes,

homesforhumansarcmade,butalsothehabitatforcountlessanimalsisbeingdestroyed,oratleastaltered

toanextreme.Construction,ifitistrue,itshouldbebeneficialtoallpartiesincluded.Thatisa(allorder,

though.Everystepwetakekillsbacteriaandothermicroorganisms—andperhapsplants,insects,andwho

knowswhalelse.Desiruciioncanbeseenasapartofeachmomeni.Plus,whatamajority

2

mightregardasaconstructivemightbeseenasdestructivetoaminority.Isthereawaytodetermine

whichsideiscorrect?Itisalmostimpossible.Beinginthemajorityintermsofamoraloutlookdoes

notmeanitiscorrect,ormoreappropriate.Therehavebeenmanyinstancesinhistorywhenactswere

regardedasconstructive,butwerelaterseenasdestructivewithamodernlens.

ThoughIconsider“Beconstructive,notdestructive“themostsolidonc-scntcncesocialmoralcode,

itisnotwithoutitsnuancesandproblems.Forinstance,thedegreetowhichweconsidersomething

constructiveordestructive,definitionsofbeingconstructiveanddestructive,andconstructionand

destructionseenthroughasociopoliticallensareallnuances.Thesedifferencesconsistoftheconfusion

thatthisidealsocialmoralcodecauses.However.Icannotimagineabettercodethantheonestatedin

thisessayintermsoflivingone'slifeinasocialcontext.

63.Fromtheauthor'sviewwhethertopunishakid'swrongdoingornotdependsonwhatextent

A.itwouldbringhimbenefitsorharms

B.hewouldmodifyhisdestructivebehavior

C.hisactisconstructiveordestructive

D.hisdestructiveresultmightbringabout

64.TheauthormentionstheexampleofkillingHitlertoshowthat

A.killingsomeoneisdefinitelytennedadestructiveact

B.themajorityofpeoplewouldagreetokillHitler

C.killingHitlerisseenasaconstructiveandpositiveact

D.definitionsofsocialcodedecideourvaluesandprinciples

65.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence(paragraph4)imply?

A.Constructionanddestructioncanadvancesocialdevelopments.

B.Constructioncanbeseenasgoodtosome,andbadtoothers.

C.Whatamajoritymightregardasaconstructivemightbeseenasdestructive.

D.Beinginthemajorityintermsofamoraloutlookdoesnotmeanitiscorrect.

66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WrongorRightofSocialMoralCode

B.JudgmentofConstructionor

DestructionC.IdealSocialMoralCode

D.HowtoLiveOne'sLifeinaSocialContext

Two【黄浦一模】

3

Intheancientworld,thepracticeofmedicinewasinescapablylinkedtosupernaturalbeliefand

magic.ThatwasuntiltheGreeksmadeadvancesinthefieldandbrilliantfiguressuchasHippcicrates

laidthefoundationsforourmedicinetoday.Recognizedasthefatherofmodernmedicine,Hippccrales

realizedwhatseemsobvioustoustoday—thattheobservationandnotingofsymptomsisprimary.He

travelledacrossGreeceteachingmedicine,encouragingtheviewthatdiseasehadphysical,not

supernatural,explanations.

MedicalstudentsstilltaketheHippocraticOath,aformalpromisemadebynewdoctorsthatthey

willfollowthestandardssetbytheirprofessionandtrytopreservelife,swearingtouseiheirskillsto

healanddonoharm.OneofHippocrates5theorieswasofthe'fourhumours',abeliefthatdiseasewas

causedbyanimbalanceofthefourliquidssupposedlycontainedinthehumanbody—blood,phlegm,

andblackandyellowbile(aliquidproducedbyyourorganwhichhelpsyoutodigestfat).

Blood-lettingwasacommonresponsetoillnessandwasuseduntilonly150yearsagointhe

mistakenbeliefthatitwouldrestorethebody'sinternalbalance.ButwhiletheGreeksmayhavebeen

wrongaboutthebleedingandthebile,theywerestillthefirstcivilizationtounderstandthatdiseases

couldbetreatedbyusingcarefulobservationandlogicalthought.

Aristotle,politicaltheorist,philosopherandteacher,alsos:udiedthenaturalworldfromascientific

pointofview.Hewasthefirsttoclassifyorganisms,andalthoughhismethodmayseemsimplenow,he

dividedthemintotwobasiccategories,aseitherplantoranimal—hewasthefirsttodoso.Aristotle

valuedexperimentationanddiscoveredthatevaporation,theprocessofbecomingavapour,turnedsalt

waterintofreshwater.Hewasalsoabelieverinthetheorythatallmatteriscomposedoffour

elements—fire,earth,waterandair.

Hippocratesbelievedthefourhumours,relatedtothefourliquidsinthebody,wereeachinline

withanorgan,aseasonandwithdifferentmoods.ThefourwerebasedontheGreeks'ideaoffourbase

elements(air,water,fire,earth),Althoughdiscreditednow,(hehumoursformedthebasisofwestern

medicineuntilthe18thcentury.Theywere:

-Bloodfromtheliver:associatedwithSpring;withcourageandhope

-Phlegmfrombrainandlungs:Winter;calmandunemotional

-Yellowbilefromgallbladder(月口囊):Summer;angerandbadtemper

-Blackbilefromspleen(脾脏)：Autumn;withblueanddarkmood

63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.1(wastheGreeksthatmadeadvancesinthefieldofpracticeofmedicineintheancientworld.

B.TheHippocraticOathisaformalpromisemadebynewdoctorstosweartheirresponsibilities.

C.Hippocratesthoughtdiseasewascausedbyanimbalanceofthefourliquidscontainedin(hehuman

body.

D.Hippocrateswasthefirsttobelievediseasescouldbetreatedbycarefulobservationandlogicalthought.

64.Thepracticeofblood-lettingwasbasedonthebeliefthat.

A.thebloodwaspollutedbyviruses

B.thehumanbodywasnotevenlybalanced

C.thepatientwasinabadhumour

D.toomuchbloodwasbadforpeople

65.HowdidAristotlefindoutthatsaltwatercanbeturnedintofreshwater?

A.Hestudiedmanybooksfromascientificpointofview.

B.Hedrewtheconclusionaccordingtothetwobasiccategories.

C.Hemadethediscoverybasedonconductingexperimentshimself.D.

Hebelievedthatallmatterconsistsoffourbaseelements.

66.WhyisHippocratesconsideredthefounderofmodernmedicine?

A.Heprovedthattherearefeurbaseelementsinallmatterintheworld.

B.Heshowedtheprocedureofhowthefourbodilyliquidsaffectedmoods.

C.Heinsistedthatalmostalldiseaseshadsupernaturalexplanations.

D.Herecognizedtheimportanceoftheobservationandnotingofsymptoms.

Three【崇明一模】

（C）

AnewstudysuggeststheAppleWatchwasabletoidentifyabnormalheartratesthatcouldbe

linkedtoaseriousheartcondtion.

Morethan400.000AppleWatchusersvolunteeredforthestudy.Itwasaprojectofresearchersat

theStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Apple,theAmericantechnologycompany,provided

moneyforthestudy.ResultswererecentlypresentedatamajorconferenceonhearthealthinNew

Orleans,Louisiana.

Theresearcherslookedforsignsofatrialfibrillation,alsocalled"a-fib“，themostcommonfermof

irregularheartbeat.Somepeoplewitha-fibfeelchangesintheirheartbeat,whileothersdonot.Because

ofthis,manypeopledonotknowtheyhavethecondition.Peoplewithuntreateda-fibareaboutfive

timesmorelikelytosufferastroke（中风）.IntheUnitedStates,a-fibcausesanestimated130,000

deathsand750,000hospitalizationseachyear.

PeopletakingpartinthestudyworetheAppleWatchforextendedperiods.Thedevicescontainan

appthatcontinuouslygathersinformationwithoutusershavingtodoanything.Itusesthewatch'slight

sensortechnologytomeasurebloodflow.Thesystemisdesignedtoidentifychangesthatmightshow

anirregularheartbeat.

Theresearcherssaidthatoutofthosetakingpart,about2,000subjects（实验对象）receiveda

warningfromthedevicethattheymighthaveaproblem.Thoseindividualswerethenaskedtocor.tacta

doctor,whodecidedwhethertheyshouldreceivemoreclosewatchforapossibleirregularheartbeat.

LloydMinor,headofStanford'sSchoolofMedicine,saidinastatementthattheresultsshowgreat

promiseinusingtechnologytocreate“morepredictiveandpreventivehealthcare”.DoctorMinoradded

5

thata-fibisjustoneexampleofaconditiondevicescanhelpidentifyinthefuture."Thisstudyopens

thedoortofurtherresearchintowearabletechnologiesandhowtheymightbeusedtopreventdisease

beforeitstrikes/'hesaid.

ButsomehealthresearcherswarnedagainstmakinganygeneraljudgementsbasedontheApple-

financedstudy.Theyhavecalledformuchmoreresearchtomeasuretheeffectivenessofwearable

devicestoidentifysignsofdisease.RichardKovacs,whowaswiththeAmericanCollegeofCardiology

andwasnotinvolvedwiththestudy,toldtheAssociatedPressthatdespitetheresults,theAppleWatch

system“isnotperfect.^^Henotedthatsincethestudydidnothaveacomparisongroupgettingrcgular

ECGmeasurements,thereisnowayofknowingifthedevicemissedheartbeatproblems.Thiscould

giveusersafalsesenseofsecurity,hesaid.

Otherexpertsagreedthatmorestudiesareneededbeforesimilardevice-basedhealthobservation

systemsarcwidelyrecommended.

63.Whatdoesthenewstudymainlyfindout?

A.AppleWatchcanwarnofheartproblems.B.AppleWatchcanprotectpeopleagainsta-fib.

C.Abnormalheartratescancauseastroke.D.Heartproblemscanbeidentifiedandcured.

64.AppleWatchidentifiesirregularheartbeatsby.

A.measuringthewearer'sheartrates

B.sendinginformationtothewearerthroughanapp

C.extendingthetimeofwearingit

D.monitoringthewearer'sbloodstream

65.WhichofthefollowingmightbewhatLloydMinormeansinhisstatement?

A.It'sdifficultfordoctorstopredictandpreventdiseasenow.

B.A-fibisjustoneexampleofaconditionthatcausesheartproblems.

C.Wearabletechnologiesmightidentifyandtreatanydiseaseoneday.

D.Therearemorepossibilitiesofdevelopmentinwearabletechnology.

66.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A.wearabletechnologiesaredevelopingfastbutshouldn'tbeappliedtomedicine

B.thestudyresultsareinspiringbutmoreproofsareneededtoensuretheaccuracy

C.thestudyissponsoredbyacommercialcompanysotheresultsarealittleunfair

D.dcvicc-bascdhealthobservationsystemsarcconvenientandshouldbewidelyused

Four【徐汇一模】

(C)

TheState-Of-The-Art-TechBehindFightingFires

6

Howarctoday'sfirefightersdealingwithmassivewildfires?They'redoingitbyusingthemost

advancedtechnology.Whetherit'swithamodifiedjumbojetorinnovativeiimging

cameras,wetakealookatthetechbehindfightingsomeoftheworld,smostoverwhelmingfires.

TeamsfightingagainsttheCaliforniawildfiresusedtheGlobalSuperTanker-amodifiedjumbo

jetthatcarriesalmost73,000liters(19,200gallons)offireretardant(阻燃剂)-alongsidetheS-64

Aircraneheavy-liftinghelicopter,whichcarries10.00()liters(2,200gallons)ofwater.

Theseairtankersareusedtoputoutflamesandmonitorfirespreadthroughsensorsandvideo

feedscoupledluGPSdata.Fedinlulii-luuliuompulcimuddlingsoftware,Hievcanhelppiedictllic

fire'sbehaviorandpossiblespreadpatterns.Computermodelsareabletoprovidesmallareacoverage

onlymeterswide,mappingterritoryandairflow.Firesareespeciallyresponsive(owindconditionsand

thesetoolsallowfirefightersiodeterminethepassageofflamesatgroundlevel.

Butmannedaircraftsneedalargeinvestmentinmaintenanceandcrewtraining.Commandand

controlcentersareturningtounmannedaircrafttokeepcostsdownandprovideadditionalcapabilities.

Small(四旋翼机)andlargerfixed-wingaircraftcanflyoverfiresformuchlongerperiods.

Smokecancoverthegroundfordaysatatimeorposeaseverebreathingrisktoaircrews-

However,thisisnotaproblemfordrones.Onboardhighdefinition,红外辐射的)andthermal

imagingcamerascanprovidedirectiontogroundteams,spotvitalinfrastructure(includingpoweror

waterlines),andidentifydangerousorflammableobjects.

Infraredandthermalcamerascanseethroughsmoketomonitorgroundteamsandletthemknow

whenconditionschange.Unmannedaircraftcanprovideaerialimages,heatmaps,andtemperature

scalesoffirezones.Specialistdronescanevencarryhosestolessaccessibleareas.Inthefuture,

swarmsofautonomousdronescouldbeusedtotrackwildfiresandspotfirespread.

Thermalimagingtechnologyhasbecomewidespreadandlessexpensivetouse.Handheldcameras

anddevicesthatattachtosmartphonesallowfirefighterstoseethroughsmokeandfindactivefire

hotspots,orundergrowththatisburningwithoutproducingsmoke.

Identifyingthesehotspotsallowscrewstotargetthemostactiveanddangerouspartsofawildfire

anddivertmanpowertotackleitmoreeffectively.

Augmentedrealityhelmetsthatincludebreathingappliancealongsidecomputervision-aided

displaysareaddingtothegroundteam'scapabilities.Thermalcamerasinsidethehelmetsmeanthat

firefighterscanoperateinenvironmentscompletelyobscuredbysmoke.Atthesametime,theycan

wirelesslytransmitinformationonwhatishappeningatthefrontlinetocommandandcontrolpoints.

Robotsarealsomakingadifference.TheSmokeboiwasdevelopedbyaSwedishuniversityto

assistfireandrescueservices.Itcollectsdatainenvironmentswithreducedvisibilityusingradar,a

laserscanner,athermalcameraandgassensors.Smokebotcanhelpinforestfiresituationsmapping

largeareasfilledwithdustorsmoke,whereitistooriskytosendinrescuepersonnel.

Earth-observingsatellitescommonlydetectwildfiresinwildernessareas.Theircamerasandremote

sensorsareusedtoestimatethefire'sevolutionandprovidesituaticnalawarenessthatsaveslives.

7

TheVisibleInfraredImagingRadiometerSuite(VIIRS)onboardtheSuomiNPPsatellitegives

nearreal-timedatatoNASA'sFireInformationforResourceManagementSystem(FIRMS)onactive

firesacrosstheworld.

Finally,togetthebiggerpictureonfiretrackingandmonitoring,theUSForestServiceandUS

GeologicalSurveyusesdatafrom(heLandsatEarth-observingsatellites.Datagatheredfromeverymajorfire

inihecountrysince1984hasbeenfedintocomputermodelstohelppredictandpreventwildfires.

63.Whatdoestheunderlined"they”,inthethirdparagraph,referto?

A.Currentfirefighterstacklingmassivewildfires.

B.Themodifiedjumbojetsandartthermalimagingcameras.

C.Thedatagainedfromsensorsandvideofeeds,plusGPSinfermation.

D.Theairtankersusedtopu:outflamesandmonitorfirespread.

64.Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantagesofdronesovermannedaircraftsintacklingmassive

wildfires?

A.Dronesdon'tneedmuchfuelwhenputtingoutwildfiresandidentifyingthecausesoffires.

B.Lessmoneyisneededintrainingcrewswhendronesareavailable.

C.Droneswon,tcomeacrossanybreathingproblemswheninwork.

D.Dronesneedsmuchlessinvestmentinmaintenance.

65.Whichofthefollowingadvancedtechnologiesisnotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Swannsofautonomousdronesusedtoextinguishwildfiresfromair.

B.ARhelmetswithbreathingappliancealongsidecomputervision-aided.

C.Droneswithhighdefinition,infraredandthermalimagingcamerasonboard.D.

Earth-observingsatellitesequippedwithcamerasandremotesensors.

66.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSmokebolistrue?

A.ItwascreatedbyaSwissuniversitytoassistfireandrescueservices.

B.Ilcanhelptosendrescuepersonneltoafirespot.

C.Itcanhelpdrawamapoflargeareasandfilltheregionswithdustorsmoke.

D.Itcollectsdatausingadvancedtechnologywherevisibilityisreducedduetofires.

Five【虹口一模】

(C)

AllanT.Deniaree,aretiredexecutiveeditorofFortunemagazine,gladlymakesdonationsto

PrincetonUniversity,hisalmamater.Hisson,whoalsowenttoPrinceton,pointstoitsendowment(^n

赠基金)of$15.8billion,andwillnotgiveitapenny.

“Whygivemoneytoaninstitutionthatcanseeminglyliveoft*itsinterestwhenotherverydeserving

entitiesneedmoneytofunctiontomorrow?”askedtheson,HeaihDemaree,aprofessoratCaseWestern

ReserveUniversitywhoinsteaddonatestoVirginiaTech,wherehewasagraduatestudent.Hisquestion

8

captureshowthewealthcollectedbyeliteuniversitieslikePrincetonthroughsoaringendowmentsover

thepastdecadehaswidened:hcdividebetweenasmallgroupofdramaticallywealthyuniversitiesand

allothers.

TheresultisthatAmerica'salreadystratified（形成阶层的）systemofhighereducationisbecoming

evermoreso,andthegapiscreatingallsortsoftensionsasthelesswealthycolleges（rytocompete.Even

stateuniversitiesaregoingintofund-raisingoverdriveandtryingtoincreaseendowmentstocatchup.

Thewealthiestcollegescantaptheirendowmentstogiveconsiderablefinancialaidtofamilies

earning$180,000ormore.Theycantemptstarprofessorswithnighsalariesandhard-to-getapartments.

Theyarestartingadvancednewresearchlaboratories,expandingiheircampusesandputtingup

architecturallynotablebuildings.

Highereducationhasalwaysbeenstratified,butthedifferenceswereneveraslargeastoday.The

lastdecadebroughtaseachange,asskilledmoneymanagershiredbytheuniversitiesmovedtheir

portfolios（投资组合）intohigh-performinginvestments,andendowmentsskyrocketed.

Untilrecently,toppublicresearchuniversitiescouldrelyonenoughpublicsubsidytohold

theirown,whenthetaxpayermoneywascombinedwithtuitionandfund-raising.Butthatworldis

changing.

TheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyhasa$3billionendowment,butitisstretchedacross

34.000students.Andwithstatebudgetcutsapproaching,RobertBirgcncau.itspresident,fearshewill

nolongerbeabletoattractthebestprofessorsandstudents.

“Itwillcostlessfbrastudentfromafamilywithanincomeof$180,000togotoHarvardthanfor

astudentwithaHimilyincomeof$90,000togotoBerkeley,“hesaid,takingintoaccountHarvard's

recentdecisiontogivemorefinancialaidtofamiliesearningupto$180.000annually.

63.WhatdoweleaniaboutHeathDemaree?

A.HedonatedtoVirginiaTech.

B.Hedonatedasmuchashisfather.

C.HedonatedtoPrincetonUniversity.

D.HedonatedtoCaseWesternReserveUniversity.

64.Whatissaidaboutstateuniversities?

A.Theyareexpandingtheircampuses.

B.Theyarcraisingfundstoincreaseendowments.

C.Theymanagetoattracteliteprofessorsandstudents.

D.Theyarestartingsophisticatednewresearchlaboratories.

65.Whatcanwelearnabouttoppublicresearchuniversitiesatpresent?

A.Theycannotholdtheirownjustwithslatesupport.

B.Thetaxpayermoneyiscombinedwithtuitionandfund-raising.

C.Despitepossiblestatebudgetcut,theydonotneedmoreendowment.

D.Theycandependonenoughpublicsubsidytolureprofessorsandstudents.

9

66.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.UpsidesandDownsidesofEndowmentsB.HarvardorBerkeley?

C.EndowmentsWidenaHigherEducationGapD.FarewelltoStratifiedEndowments

Six【闵行一模】

(C)

Thestoryoftheemperor'snewclothesisoneofAndersen'sbest-knownfables.Conmen|骗子)

fooltheemperorintobelievingtheyhavemadehimafabuloussuitthattheunworthywillbeunableto

see.Courtiers(f^rAK)darenotsaythattheemperorisnaked;ittakesachildtopointouttheobvious.

Themoralisthatpeoplearcoftentoohideboundbysocialtraditiontostatetheirviews.How

manycompanieshaveploughedaheadwithexpensiveprqectsthatwerefavouredbythechief

executive,evenwhenothermanagershavehaddoubts?

InhisnewbookRebelIdeas:ThePowerofDiverseThinking,MatthewSyedarguesthatthekeyto

dealingwiththisproblemis“cognitivediversity”,inotherwords,assemblingateamofpeoplewith

differentperspectivesandintellectualbackgrounds.

Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundsapproachproblemsfromdifferentangles——thatmuchshouldbe

blindinglyobvious.Itisnotjustaboutselectingpeopleforteamsfrombothsexesandvarious

ethnicities.HireonlyCambridgepoliticsgraduatesorHarvardMBAsorStanfordsoftwareengineers

andtheywillhavestudiedunderthesameprofessorsandabsorbedsimilarworldviewsregardlessof

theirgenderorskincolour.

Inthemodernworld,withallitscomplexity,co-operationisessentialifbreakthroughsaretobe

made.Inscienceandengineering,90%ofpapersarenowwrittenbyteamsratherthanindividuals.

AnalysisofAmericanpatentfillingssince1975showedteamsdominateineveryoneofthe36defined

categories.

Thereisanotherelementtoselectingagoodteam:ensuringthatthoseviewpointsareheardand

respected.Thatmaynothappenifthoseinchargeareoverbearing.Astudyofover300projectsbythe

RotterdamSchoolofManagementfoundthatthoseledbyjuniormanagersweremorelikelytosucceed

thanthoseledbyseniormanagers—maybebecauseotherteammemberswerelessscaredabout

pointingoutpotentialdangerstosomeonelowerdownthepeckingorder(权力等级).

Theabilitytospeakupwithinanorganization,with;)utfearofpunishment,isknownas

"psychologicalsafely”.Mr.SyedcitesastudyofteamsatGoogle,whichfoundthatself-reported

psychologicalsafetywasbytar(hemostimportantfactorbehindsuccessfulteamworkatthetechnology

giant.

Onewaytoovercomeshynesswhilebrainstorming,forinstance,isforeveryonetowritedown

theirideasbutensuretheirnamesareneverknown.Thatway,opinionsaboutthoughtsarelessclosely

tiedtotheseniorityofthethinkerandcanbetestedagainsteachotherwithlesstearorfavour.

10

63.TheauthormentionedoneofAndersen'sbest-knownfablesto

64.Byusingtheword"'hidebound'theauthorisreferringtothosewho

A.closethemselvestoafixedmind

65.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmakesaneffectiveteam?

A.Employinggraduatesfromthesameexcellentuniversity.

B.Appointingseniormanagerswiththerightofleadingateam.C.

Establishingalearnwithpeopleofvariousbackgrounds.

D.Hiringpeopleassemblingiheirchiefexecutivesinthoughts.

66.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Co-operationandteamworkcontributetothecomplexityoftheworld.

B.Thelessidentityapersonreleasesthemoreheisreadytoairviews.

C.Viewpointsfromdifferentperspectivesarelikelytocauseconflicts.

D.Thereexiststhedangerofpeckingorderinateamledbyjunormanagers.

Seven【普陀一模】

(C)

TheVic(urians'WayufHavingFun

Whetheritwasvisitingahumanzoo,takingabullonahot-airballoonride,orsingingbeLUtiful

songs,VictorianLondonerslovedtohavefun.Asperformancemanagerscameupwithincreasingly

well-designedwaystomakemone