中考英语语法-复合句

人教版中考英语专项练习复合句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句.主句为句子的

主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把

从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），

定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）

三类。

一.宾语从句

1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型

⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。

WeaIIknew（that）weshouIdIearnfromeachothero

⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。

PleaseteIImeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmericao

⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。

CanyouteIImehov/Icangettothenearestpostoffice?

2o宾语从句“三关”

⑴引导词关

注意:whether与if的区别

只用whether的情况

①在介词后面Wedon'tthinkaboutwhetheritwouldrainthe

nextday.

②在动词不定式前Theyaskedmewhethertositatthefront.

③当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时MaryaskedwhetherIwas

doingmyhomeworkornotatthattime

④宾语从句提前时Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay

⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中WediscussedwhetherweshouId

haveasportsmeetingnextweeko

⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether

ThequestionwaswhetherhewentthereIastnight

只用if的情况

①引导否定概念的宾语从句时

HeaskedmeifIhad'tfinishedmyhomework

②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果”

We'IIgohikingifitdoesn'traintomorrow

⑵语序关

①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变

②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序

⑶时态关

①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定

②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态

注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时

3o人称变化：

4。从句简化

⑴当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾

语+宾补”结构,宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式

Shefoundthatthev/aIIetIay/lyingonthegroundoT

ShefoundthewaIletIie/1yingonthegroundo

⑵当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主语与从句

主语相同时，从句简化为不定式结构

SheagreedthatshecouIdheIpmewithmymaths.T

SheagreedtoheIpmewithmymaths.

⑶在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾

语一致时，宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构

CanyouteIImehowIcangettothestation?T

CanyouteIImehowtogettothestation?

5o否定转移

如果主句的谓语动词是beIieve,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主

语是一人称时，后面所接宾语从句的否定词通常前移到主句中。

Idon'tthinkthatshecanfinishthisworkontime。

注意：①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的

主谓要与从句一致

Idon'tthinkheisinterestedinthat,ishe?

③如果主句主语是二三人称时，宾语从句否定词不前移，反意疑问句反

问主句

Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didn'tshe?

二.状语从句

1.时间状语从句常用when,as,whiIe,before,after,sinee,

till,untiI,assoonas等来引导。在时间状语从句中，通常用现在

时态表示将来的动作或状态。在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句

的主从复合句中，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到…时”，谓语

动词只能用延续性动词.如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到…才…”，

通常用sothat,inorderthat引导。sothat即可引导目的状语从句,

又可引导结果状语从句。区别是：目的状语从句中往往带有情态动词

can,could,may,might等，从意义上看，目的状语从句表示的目的很

明确.Passthecakeroundsothateveryonecantakeapiece.

7.让步状语从句

通常由though,although,as等连词引导.aIthough,though与but

不同时,出现。Thoughheisold,heisverystrongo

8.地点状语从句

通常由where,wherever引导

WhereverIamIwiIIbethinkingofyou.

9o方式状语从句

通常由as,asif,asthough等引导

Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.希望别人怎样待

你，你就怎样待人

三.定语从句

指在主从复合句中充当定语的句子，在句中修饰名词、代词，常由关系

代词which,that,who(m),whose及关系副词when,where,why

等引导。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放先行词后做后置定

语

1.当先行词表示人时，定语从句用关系代词that,who,whom引导。当

先行词表物时定语从句用关系词that或which.当关系代词在从句中

作宾语时口J省略。

⑴that可指人，也可指物,在从句中可作主语，宾语。作宾语可省

⑵which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，作宾语时可省，可以引导非限制

性定语从句，有时可与that互换。

⑶who,whom,whose指人，who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中作宾

语，whose在从句中作定语

Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.

Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingistooheavy.

Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcoverisgreen。

2.当引导词在句中作状语时不可用that,which,who(m)等关系代词,

而应用关系副词。表示时间用when,表示地点用where,表示原因用

whyo但这些关系副词可转换为“介词+关系代词”形式。

BeijingisthepIacewhere/inwhichIwasborno

3.其他注意事项

⑴表示物时只能用that引导定语从句的情况

①当先彳亍词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,

little,muchnone,theone等不定代词时

②先行词被alI,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时

③先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等词修饰时

(当先行词是人时，也可用关系代词who或whom)

④当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时

⑤当先行词同时含有物和人时

⑥主句中已有疑问词who或which时Whichisthebikethatyou

lost?

Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?

⑵表示物时只用which不用that的情况

①当关系代词前使用介词时

②在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主语隔开，若去掉整个句子仍

能表达完整意义的定语从句)中

⑶指人时，当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时

要用who,不用that

⑷一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,

另一个用who

TheboythatyoumetIastnightisthegroupIeaderwhostudies

veryhard.

其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个用that

Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadnever

beenseenbefore

注意：⑴关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数要和先行词

一致

⑵one。千+复数名词+关系代词+复数请语动词

the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词

Titanicisoneofthebestmoviesthathavebeenproducedin

HoIIywoodo

Titanicisthe(only)oneofthebestmoviesthathasbeen

producedinHolIywood

四.主语从句

在句中作主语的名词性从句叫主语从句.主语从句的谓语动词通常用三人

称单数。主语从句可直接位于句首。但如主语从句长，可用it充当形式

主语代替主语从句，把主语从句后置.记住下列主语从句常用结构：

Itissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据寸艮道

Itisannouncedthat。。据宣布Itis(well)knownthat」•众

所周知

ItisbeIievedthat…人们相信Itissupposedthat…人们希望

Itishopedthat…希望Itissuggestedthat…有人建议

Itmustberememberedthat，,•务必i己住

注意：有些情况下谓语动词的单复数应和表语保持一致

Whatweneedaredoctorsandnurses.

Whatweneedistime.

五.同位语从句

同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从

句的名词有fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,

question,probIem,doubt,fear,beIief等。同位语从句引导词为

that,有时根据需要也可以用when,where等

Hisopinionthatwemusttakegoodcareofourearthsounds

reasonabIe.

TheyhavenoideaataIIwherehehasgone.

注意：同位语从句的that在句中不作句子成分，也无词义，但不能省。

而定语从句中的that除了引导从句外，还是从句的一个成分，在从句中

作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省。

六.表语从句

在句中作连系动词的表语的从句，位于主句中系动词后

Thatiswhyhedidn'tcometoschooIyesterdayo

练习

1oWe'llpIaysnowmanitsnowsheaviIythisafternoon。

A.ifB.aIthoughC.unlessDobut

2oIdidntknowtheycouIdpasstheexamornot0

AowhyB.whenCothatD.whether

3.IdontthinkBendidsuchastupidthing?

AodoIB.didICodidheD。doeshe

4.NewtonwasplayingunderanappIetreeanappIefeIIonto

hishead

A.whenB.whiIeC.afterD.before

5o------------ThedutyofProjectHopeistoheIppoorchiIdren,isnt

it?

---Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschooIsthosechiIdrencanstudy

happiIy

A.whereB。whenCowhichD.why

6.DuringthehoiidayIvisitedShaoIinTempIeIiesinthe

westofZhengzhou.A.whereB.whichCowhoD0

what

7oJimsmotherIethimwatchTVafterhefinishedhishomework.

(同义句)JimsmotherIethimwatchTVhefinishedhis

homework.

8oTheTVpIayissointerestingthatweIiketoseeitagain

(改为同义句)

ItisinteretingTVpIayweIiketoseeit

again.

9oWhenpeopIeintheUnitedStateshaveguests(1)

whentheyareinvitedtoaget一together,theyusuaIIy

trytomakeothersfeeIcomfortable(2)reIaxedoGeneraIly,

theytendtobeinformaI.Menshakehands,(3)usuaIIy

onIy(4)theyareintroduced.MaIefriendsandbusiness

associates(5)haventseeneachotherforatimemay

shakehands。Whenawoman(6)amanare

introduced,shakinghandsisdecidedbythewoman.Americanwomen

becomemore(7)moreindependentoTheygotopIacesby

themseIves,earntheirownmoney,(8)oftenIivealone,

SometimestheywiIIaskmenforhelp,(9)theyusuaIIy

dontwanttobepeotected.Americanwomenmaystart

conversationswithmen(10)evenaskthemtodance.

10.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshe

couldturnforheIpAothatB.towhomCofromwhomDo

who

11.PIeasepassmethedictionaryisbIack

AoitscoverB.whichcoverC.ofwhichthecoverD。coverof

which

12oThereareforty-fivestudentsinourcIass,arefrom

theneardyviIIagesAoone—thirdofwhoB.one-thirdof

which

Coone-thirdofthemDoone-thirdofwhom

13oThisisthestudentyoutookthemessageyesterday.

AowhosefatherB.towhosefatherC。tohisfatherD.his

father

14oThereisntmuchIcando

AowhatBowhichCothatDohow

15.TeIIusaboutthepeopIeandthepIacesaredifferent

fromours

A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom

16oLastSundaytheyreachedQingdao,aconferencewasto

beheId

A.whichBothatC.whenD.where

17oIsthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichDotheone

18.ThisistheveryfiImIveIongwishedtosee

A.whichBothatC.whoD.whom

19.ThereisnodifficultycantbeovercomeintheworId

AothatBov/hichC.whoD.what

20.WhoisthepersonsstandingatthegateofBeijing

TourismTower?AowhoBothatCowhichD.whom

21oThehousethecapitalistusedtoIiveinisnowa

nursery

A.thatBowhereCowhatDowhen

22oThehouseweIiveisnotbig

A.inthatBowhichC.inwhichD.that

23o单句改错

Thisisthefactoryv/herewevisitedlastweek

ThisisthewatchforwhichTomisIooking

ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo

ThehouseinthatweIiveisverysmaII

ThesungivesoffIightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibIefor

pIantstogrow

24oTheWTOcannotIiveuptoitsnameitdoesnot

includeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind

AoaslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough

25.JohnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchenhecouId

preparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty

A.whichBov/henC.sothatDoasif

26oHemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthe

situationitgotworse,A.untiIB.when

C.beforeD.as

27o一WashisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschooI?

-Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhimhebecameoneofthetop

studentsinhisgradeA.afterBounIessCountiI

D.when

28oYoucaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurantyouIike

A.wheneverB.whereeverCowhateverDohowever

29.Scientistssayirmaybefiveorsixyearsitis

possibIetotestthismedicineonhunmanpatients

AosiceBoafterC.beforeDowhen

30.Thishouseismyfatherpaintedbyhimself。

AothatBov/hichCotheoneD./

31o____wecantgetseemsbetterthanwehave

AoWhat,/BoWhat,thatCoThat,thatD.That，

what

32.-WhatdidJackaskyoujustnow?

—HewantedtoknowhowlongwhenIreachedthecinema

AohadthefilmbeenonBothefilmhadstarted

C.thefilmhadIastedD.hadthefilmended

33oIdonthavetointroducehimtoyouyouknowtheboy

Do

AountiIB.unIessC.sineebut

34o_____________hamburgersarejunkfood,manychiIdrenIikethem

A.IfB.UnIessCoBecauseDoAlthough

35.WeshouIddowecanthoseendangeredanimals

Aothat,tosaveB.which，saveC.that,save

D.what,tosvae

36oyougo,youdo,IwiIIberightherewaiting

foryou

AoIf,ifBoWherever,whateverCowhere,what

37oIfyoudontgotothemaIIthisweekend,

Aohewill,tooB.hewont,eitherC.neitherhewillDohe

doesnt,either

38oIarrivedattheairportthepIanehadtakenoff.

AoafterBowhileC.whenD.before

40oOurhometownisquitedifferentfrombefore

A.thatitwasB.whatitwasCowhichitwasD.whenit

was

41o—shesucceededinfinishinghertasksremainsasecret

AoWhatB.IfCoHowDoWho

42.IsthisthereasonatthemeetingforcareIessnessin

hiswork?

AoheexpIainedB.whatheexpIained

C.howheexpIainedD.whyheexpIained

43.WeareIivinginanagemanythingsaredoneon

computer

AowhichBothatC.whoseD.when

44.thedayswenton,theweathergotworse

AoWithBoSineeCoWhileD.As

45.一Whatwasthepartylike?-ItsyearsIenjoyedmyseIf

somuch

AoafterBowhenC.beforeDosinee

46oyouhavetriediton,youcantimaginehowprettythe

newstyIeskirtis.

A.BecauseBoAlthoughC.UnIessD.When

47oIwontgotoherpartyunIessmybestfriendTom

A.wiIIinviteBowillbeinvitedC.isinvitedDoinvites

48oFrankIintoIdthemaIItobeinBritainagain

A.hewashowhappyBohowhappyhewas

C.howwashehappyDohewashappyhow

49.JaneisoneofthestudentsinthecIasshaveeverbeen

toChina

A.whoBowhoseCowhichDowhom

50oIstillrememberthetimespenttogetheratXisai

MountainIastyearAowhenB.whatC.who

D.which

51oMr.SmithissmokingisIookingforheIost

yesterday

Aowhom;whichB.who;whatCothat;whoD.which;where

52oNobodyknows

AohowwiIIourfutureIookIikeB.whatwiIIourfuturebe

Iike

CohowourfuturewillIookIikeDowhatourfuturewiIIbe

Iike

53.Iwaschattingwithmyfriendsonthephonemymother

camein

A.whiIeBowhenC.asD.sinee

54oInordertochoosetherightone,shefirstaskedmeI

wanttouseadictionaryfor

AowhatB.whyC.howD.whether

55oCustomersareaskedtomakesurethattheytheright

chargebe一foreleavingtheshop

A.wiIIgiveB。havebeengivenCohavegivenD.wiIIbe

given

56oTomdidintgotoschooI?

A.DoyouknowhowBoWhydoyouknow

CoHowyouknowwhyD.Doyouknowwhy

57OMarysmotheraskedher________

A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomework

Boifshehasfinishedherhomework

Coifs