《中考快车道.中考总复习 英语》语法突破 专题九　动词的时态

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一、语法突破

专题九动词的时态课标要求要点梳理典例精析巩固提高拓展训练

动词决定句子的结构或句型,它有词形、时态、语态等的变化。这一讲要求熟记动词的词形变化;掌握中考要求的六种时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。

一、动词的词形变化

动词是词形变化最多的一类词,这些变化是较难掌握而又必须掌握的。主要有第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1.第三人称单数形式的构成。规则一般情况,在词尾加-s以

“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es以-s、-x、-sh、-ch等结尾,加-es原形likeplaystudyflypassrelaxfinishcatch第三人称单数形式likesplaysstudiesfliespassesrelaxesfinishescatches2.现在分词的构成。规则一般情况,在词尾加-ing去掉词尾不发音的e后,再加-ing

以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母后,再加-ing改词尾ie为y后,再加-ing原形studymakestopsitdie现在分词studyingmakingstoppingsittingdying3.动词过去式的构成。规则一般情况,在词尾加-ed以-e结尾的词,加-d

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母后,再加-ed以

“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加-ed原形helplovestopplanstudy过去式helpedlovedstoppedplannedstudied4.动词过去分词的构成和动词过去式一样,有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化与过去式完全一样,不规则变化则要见不规则动词变化表。虽然叫不规则变化,但其实这些动词的变化也是有规律的。例如:(1)AAA型(即原形、过去式与过去分词三式同形)cut—cut—cut

put—put—puthurt—hurt—hurt

cost—cost—costhit—hit—hit

let—let—letread—read—read

shut—shut—shut等(2)ABB型(即过去式与过去分词同形)think—thought—thought

find—found—foundleave—left—left

hear—heard—heardfeel—felt—felt

catch—caught—caught等(3)ABC型(即原形、过去式与过去分词都不同形)do—did—done

go—went—gonebreak—broke—broken

know—knew—knownbegin—began—begun

see—saw—seenwrite—wrote—written等(4)ABA型(即原形与过去分词同形)come—came—come

run—ran—runbecome—became—become等二、动词的时态中考重点考查的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时六种时态。在复习时,大家要掌握这六种时态的概念、用法、结构及它们各自特有的时间状语。现归纳如下表:时态概念、用法结构标志性时间表达例句一般现在时(1)表示现阶段经常发生的或习惯性的动作;(2)表示目前的状况;(3)表示自然界的客观真理(1)主语+be+其他;(2)主语+动词原形+其他;(3)主语(第三人称单数)+行为动词第三人称单数形式+其他often、always、usually、sometimes、every

day/week/morning/Sunday…My

mother

is

a

farmer.

They

walk

to

school

every

day.

He

often

gets

up

at

6:00.

时态概念、用法结构标志性时间表达例句一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态主语+动词过去式+其他yesterday、the

day

before

yesterday、last

night/Monday…He

went

swimming

with

his

son

yesterday.现在进行时表示此刻或目前阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态主语+助动词be+现在分词+其他now、at

the

moment、right

now、look、listen…The

students

are

playing

football

now.

Look!

They

are

making

kites.

时态概念、用法结构标志性时间表达例句过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态主语+was/were+现在分词+其他at

8:00、at

this

time

yesterday、at

that

moment、when/while/as引导的时间状语从句(过去时态)……I

was

taking

a

shower

at

eight

last

night.

He

was

reading

in

the

library

when

the

rainstorm

came.时态概念、用法结构标志性时间表达例句一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或事先安排好要做的事情。注意:某些表示位置移动的动词,如go、come、leave、travel等,其现在进行时形式表示将来(1)主语+be

going

to+动词原形+其他;(2)主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他tomorrow、the

day

after

tomorrow、next

day/week/Sunday…、

“in+一段时间”(如in

two

weeks)……They

will

go

to

plant

trees

next

Sunday.

I’m

going

to

Guilin

tomorrow.

时态概念、用法结构标志性时间表达例句现在完成时(1)表示过去已经发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;(2)表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其他already、yet、just、ever、recently、in

the

last

few

years、so

far、

“for+一段时间”、

“since+过去的一个时间点”……I

have

already

finished

homework.

I

have

studied

English

for

6

years.【例1】(

)Withwildimagination,Lilycameupwithmanynewideasandstartedtocreateherowndishes.Sofar,she

manydisheswithspecialtastes.

A.invents B.willinvent C.hasinvented(2025·广东中考改编)【解析】本题考查现在完成时。句意:凭借丰富的想象力,莉莉想出了许多新点子,并开始创作自己的菜肴。到目前为止,她已经自创了许多有特殊口味的菜肴。“invents”是一般现在时第三人称单数形式;“will

invent”是一般将来时;“has

invented”是现在完成时。根据时间状语

“So

far”可知句子时态应用现在完成时,故选C。【例2】(

)WhenPeterwassix,hestartedreceivingpocketmoney

fromhismother.Whenheturnedseven,he

7aweek.A.gets B.got C.willget(2024·广东中考)【解析】本题考查一般过去时。句意:彼得六岁时,开始从妈妈那里领零花钱。七岁时,他每周拿七英镑。“gets”是一般现在时;“got”是一般过去时;“will

get”是一般将来时。根据

“When

he

turned

seven”可知,句子时态应用一般过去时,故选B。【例3】(

)Theseexperienceshaveinfluencedhislife.NowDavid

spacescience.Hehasmadeuphismindtobeaspaceengineerinthefuture.

A.study B.isstudying C.wasstudying(2023·广东中考)【解析】本题考查现在进行时。句意:这些经历影响了他的人生。现在大卫正在学习太空科学。他下定决心要在将来成为一名航天工程师。“study”是一般现在时;“is

studying”是现在进行时;“was

studying”是过去进行时。根据“Now”可知,大卫是现阶段正在学习太空科学,因此句子时态应用现在进行时。故选B。【例4】(

)Nowthecityishopingthatthebridge

lotsoftouriststotheareainthefuture.Theybelievemanytouristswillcometoenjoythefantasticexperienceofwalkingacrossthebridge.

A.brought B.isbringing C.willbring(2021·广东中考改编)【解析】本题考查一般将来时。句意:现在,这座城市希望这座桥未来能为该地区带来大量的游客。他们相信许多游客会前来享受徒步穿越这座桥的奇妙体验。“brought”是一般过去时;“is

bringing”是现在进行时;“will

bring”是一般将来时。根据句末的

“in

the

future”可知该句的时态应用一般将来时。故选C。(

)1.—Therobots

eachothertothefinishline.

—Howexciting!Ibelieveourrobotwillwin!A.raced B.race C.areracing(

)2.Sincelastyear,ourschool

freebreakfaststostudentsinneed.

A.offered B.hasoffered C.wasofferingCB(

)3.—Tina,didsomeonejustknockonthedoor?—Oh,dear.Ididn’thearit.I

inthekitchenthen.

A.cook B.wascooking C.havecooked(

)4.Jack

hisgrandparentseveryweekend.Helovesthemverymuch.

A.visits B.hasvisited C.willvisit(

)5.—Eric,yourshoesaredirty.—Oh,justleavethemthere,Mum.I

themlater.

A.wash B.washed C.willwashBAC

一、语法选择

请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。ZhengHaohao,11,madehistoryasChina’syoungestOlympicathlete.Whilemost

1

ofheragewerebusywithschoolwork,shespentherdayspracticingattheskatepark,studying,andtravelingforcompetitions.

(

)1.A.kid B.kids C.kid’sBZheng

2

inlovewithskateboardingwhenshewas7yearsold.“It’s

3

thanrollerskating!”shesaid.Hertalent

4

byhercoach.ShewonsilverinChina’sfirstStudent(Youth)Gamesin2023andqualifiedfortheParisOlympicsin2024.

(

)2.A.fall B.fell C.willfall(

)3.A.cool B.cooler C.thecoolest(

)4.A.isdiscoveredB.wasdiscovering C.wasdiscoveredBBCTopreparefortheOlympics,Zhengtrainedhard

5

herselfeveryday.Butonceduringpractice,sheaccidentallybroke

6

finger.Thegreatpainmadeherconsidergivingup.“Icried,thinkingaboutthehardworkI’dputin,”Zhengrecalled.Afterherfingergotbetter,she

7

returnedtotraining.Hercoachpraisedherspirit:“She’syoung

8

powerful.Whenothersrest,shestillpracticeshertricksagainandagain.”

(

)5.A.improve B.improving C.toimprove(

)6.A.a B.an C.the(

)7.A.brave B.bravely C.bravery(

)8.A.or B.so C.butCABC“I’llskate

9

mycountryandfightlikeasoldier!”ZhengsaidbeforesettingoffforParis.Herstorytells

10

thatagecan’tholdbackdreams.Andwithcourageandhardwork,eventhebiggestgoalscanbereached!

(

)9.A.for B.in C.to(

)10.A.we B.us C.ourAB

二、短文填空

请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。about

and

but

excite

from

knowledgeshe

eye

near

sure

visit

returnNancy’s

uncle

Bob,

an

engineer,

told

her

stories

about

the

rockets

he

helped

design.

He

often

brought

her

science

books

and

shared

some

1.

about

space

with

her.

Nancy

loved

technology,

science

and

adventure(冒险),

but

she

wasn’t

2.

about

what

she

would

do

when

she

grew

up.

One

Saturday,

Nancy

and

Bob

3.

the

Science

Museum.

Bob

told

her

4.

spaceships

and

spacesuits,

but

Nancy

loved

two

model

robot

arms

most.

And

she

had

fun

trying

to

operate

them.

She

felt

very

5.

and

stayed

there

all

day.

knowledge

surevisitedaboutexcitedBy

the

time

they

got

on

the

bus

to

6.