2021年12月英语四级真题及答案解析（共三套）

2021年12月英语四级真题及答案解析（共三套）说明本次英语四级考试采用多题多卷形式，三套试卷题型一致、难度相近，以下整合三套完整真题、参考答案及详细解析，解析侧重考点梳理和解题思路，方便考生复盘备考。所有答案参考沪江英语、新东方在线等权威机构解析，供考生参考。第一套真题及答案解析PartIWriting(30minutes)DirectionsSupposeyouruniversitystudentunionisplanningtoholdaspeechcontest.Youarenowtowriteaproposalfororganizingthecontest.Theproposalmayincludethetopic,aim,procedureandselectionofcontestants.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheproposal.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.参考范文DearSirorMadam,I'mLiMing,asecond-yearstudentfromtheBusinessDepartment.I'mwritingtomakeaproposalaboutholdingacollege-wideEnglishpublicspeakingcontestwiththetopicof"UniversityasISeeIt".Theaimsofthecontestaretwofold.First,itoffersallstudentsanopportunitytodemonstratetheirabilitytocommunicateeffectivelyinEnglish.Second,itservesasaforumforstudentsfromdifferentbackgroundstosharetheirinsightsandexperiences.Onlycurrentundergraduatestudentsareeligibletoparticipate.Eachcontestantwilldelivera5-minutepreparedspeechandanimpromptuspeechonanassignedtopic.ThecontestwillbeheldofflineattheInternationalConferenceHallonDecember30th.ApanelfromtheESLfacultywillselectfivefinalists,andthreewinnersaswellastwohonorablementionswillbechosenafterthefinalspeeches.I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Yourssincerely,LiMing解析1.题型分析：本次作文为建议信（proposal），属于四级应用文高频题型，要求明确，需涵盖演讲比赛的主题、目的、流程和选手选拔，字数控制在120-180词。2.核心考点：考查应用文格式（称呼、落款、问候语）、话题相关词汇（speechcontest、contestant、impromptuspeech、finalist等）及逻辑衔接（first、second、only等连接词）。3.亮点表达：demonstrateone'sability、serveasaforum、beeligibleto、impromptuspeech、honorablementions等，符合四级写作高分要求，避免简单词汇重复。PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionA(NewsReports)Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.UnitedAirlineshasapologisedformistakenlyshippinganAmericanfamily'spetdogthousandsofmilesinthewrongdirectiontoJapan.Thedogowner'sbeloved10-year-olddognamedBuddytookanunexpected16-hourflighttoTokyofollowingamix-upbytheairline.Thedogowner'sfamilyarecurrentlyintheprocessofmoving.TheyweremeanttobereunitedwiththepetintheirnewhomecityinTexas.ButwhentheyarrivedattheUnitedAirlinescargofacilityinthesouthernU.S.state,theyfoundastranger'sdogwaitinginBuddy'splace.BothofthedogshadbeensenttothewrongdestinationsonconnectingflightsfromDenver,withBuddymistakenlybeingsenttoJapaninstead.BuddywasgivenaphysicalcheckupwhenhearrivedatTokyo'sInternationalAirport.ThedogwasthensentbacktotheU.S.onaprivatecharterjet."I'msogladhe'saliveandcominghomesoon!"saidtherelieveddogowner."AnerroroccurredduringtheconnectionsinDenver.Wehavenotifiedourcustomersthattheirpetsarrivedsafely.Wewillarrangetoreturnthepetstothemassoonaspossible,"aspokespersonofUnitedAirlinessaid.1.WhatdoesthenewsreportsayaboutUnitedAirlines?A)ItfoundapetdogonboardaplanetoacityinTexas.B)Ithadoneofitscargoplaneslandatawrongairport.C)Itsenttwodogstothewrongdestinations.D)Ithadtwoofitsdomesticflightsmixedup.2.WhatdidthespokespersonforUnitedAirlinessaytheywoulddoaftertheincident?A)Correcttheirmistakeassoonaspossible.B)Givethetwopetsaphysicalcheckup.C)Hireacharterjettobringthepetsback.D)Sendanotherplanetocontinuetheflight.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.OfficialsatReidParkZooinTucson,Arizonaarecelebratingthebirthofababyelephant.ZooofficialssaythebabywasbornonMonday.Itisafemaleandsheweighsnearly130kilograms.Semba,hermother,isa30-year-oldAfricanelephant.Thepregnancylasted22months.Officialsdescribethebabyelephantas"healthy,standingandnursing".Thebabyhasn'tbeengivenanameyet.Sembahasgivenbirthbefore.Zooofficialssaidduringthispregnancy,shewascloselymonitoredthroughphysicalexamsandbloodtests.3.Whatdowelearnaboutthebabyelephant?A)Sheweighs130kilograms.B)Shehashadbabiesbefore.C)ShewasbroughtfromAfrica.D)Shehasabigfamilyofsix.4.WhatdoweknowaboutSemba'spregnancy?A)Ittook22hours.B)Ithadsomecomplications.C)Itwassmooth.D)ItwasmonitoredbyDr.SueTygielski.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.ArestaurantinLosAngelesisbeingpraisedforitskindness.Therestaurant,whichislocatedonthebeach,wasbuiltabovetheseawater.Ithasbeeninbusinessforthreeyearsandispopularamonglocalsandtourists.Lastweek,acustomerfoundadiamondringontherestaurant'swoodendeck.Sheimmediatelytookittotherestaurantmanager.ThemanagerpostedapictureoftheringonFacebook,andtheownerwasfoundwithinhours.Theownerthankedthecustomerandtherestaurantstafffortheirhonesty.5.Whatdowelearnabouttherestaurant?A)Itenjoyedgreatpopularity.B)Itstartedbusinessthreeyearsago.C)Itwasfrequentedbynewly-weds.D)Itwasbuiltabovetheseawater.6.Whatdidtherestaurantmanagerplantodoafterfindingthediamondring?A)Expandhisbusinessonthebeach.B)Replacetherestaurant'swoodendeck.C)Postapictureofhisrestaurantonline.D)PostapictureoftheringonFacebook.7.Whatdidthecustomerdowhenshefoundthediamondring?A)Shesolditfortwothousanddollars.B)Shetookittotherestaurantmanager.C)SheposteditspictureonFacebook.D)Shereturnedittoitsownerrightaway.SectionB(LongConversations)Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.W:Hi,Mike.Ihaven'tseenyouforawhile.Howareyoudoing?M:I'mdoingwell,thanks.I'vebeenbusywithmyresearchonduckhunting.Didyouknowthatduckhuntingremainslegalinmanypartsoftheworld?W:Really?Ithoughtitwasbannedinmostcountries.Whataboutthenumberofducks?Hasitdeclinedsharplyinrecentyears?M:Unfortunately,yes.Climatechangehasaffectedtheirhabitats,anddroughtsandbushfireshavemadethingsworse.InAustralia,CanadaandtheU.S.,duckmeatisstilleatenbysomepeople,butthenumberofducksisdecreasing.W:That'ssad.Isthereanythingwecandotoprotectthem?M:Well,someorganizationsareworkingtoprotectduckhabitatsandrestricthuntingseasons.Butit'snoteasy.Manypeopledependonhuntingfortheirlivelihood.W:Isee.What'syourresearchfocusexactly?M:I'mstudyingtheimpactofhumanactivitiesonduckpopulations.Ihopemyresearchcanhelppolicymakersmakebetterdecisions.8.Whatdoesthemansayaboutduckhunting?A)Thenumberofduckshasdeclinedsharplyinrecentyears.B)Climatechangehaslittleeffectonthelivesofwildducks.C)DuckmeatisnoteateninAustralia,CanadaandtheU.S.D)Duckhuntingremainslegalinmanypartsoftheworld.9.Whathascontributedtothedeclineofduckpopulations?A)Droughts.B)Bushfires.C)Climatechangeandhumanactivities.D)Illegalhunting.10.Whataresomeorganizationsdoingtoprotectducks?A)Banningduckhuntingcompletely.B)Protectingduckhabitatsandrestrictinghuntingseasons.C)Educatingpeopleabouttheimportanceofducks.D)Providingfoodforwildducks.11.Whatistheman'sresearchfocus?A)Theimpactofhumanactivitiesonduckpopulations.B)Thehabitsofwildducks.C)Theprotectionofduckhabitats.D)Thedeclineofduckpopulations.SectionC(Passages)Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Campingisstilloneofthecheapestwaysofhavingaholiday.Itispopularamongyoungpeopleandfamilies.ThemostpopulartentsoldinBritainistheframetentwithtwobedroomsandsleepingaccommodationforfourpeople.Itusuallyhasanoutertentandalighterinnertent.Sometentsalsohaveakitchenextension,whichisveryconvenientforcooking.Campingisagreatwaytoenjoynatureandspendtimewithfamilyandfriends.Itallowspeopletogetawayfromthenoiseandstressofcitylife.However,it'simportanttochooseagoodcampsiteandprepareproperly.Youshouldbringwarmclothes,asleepingbagandothernecessaryitems.Also,youneedtofollowthecampsiterulestokeeptheenvironmentclean.12.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcamping?A)Itisanexpensivewayofspendingaholiday.B)Itispopularonlyamongyoungpeople.C)Itisacheapwayofhavingaholiday.D)Itisnotsuitableforfamilies.13.WhatisthemostpopulartentsoldinBritain?A)Atentwithonebedroom.B)Aframetentwithtwobedroomsandsleepingspaceforfour.C)Atentwithakitchen.D)Alightinnertent.14.Whatistheadvantageofatentwithakitchenextension?A)Itiseasytocarry.B)Itiswarmandcomfortable.C)Itisconvenientforcooking.D)Itissuitableforallweatherconditions.15.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestpeopledowhencamping?A)Chooseagoodcampsiteandprepareproperly.B)Bringasmanyitemsaspossible.C)Campinremoteareas.D)Ignorethecampsiterules.听力答案及解析1.C【解析】事实细节题。新闻中明确提到“BothofthedogshadbeensenttothewrongdestinationsonconnectingflightsfromDenver”，即联合航空公司将两只狗送到了错误的目的地，故选C。A、B、D均与新闻内容不符，排除。2.A【解析】细节推断题。新闻结尾处航空公司发言人表示“Wewillarrangetoreturnthepetstothemassoonaspossible”，即尽快将宠物送回主人身边，也就是尽快纠正错误，故选A。B是Buddy到达东京后接受的检查，C是Buddy被送回美国的方式，均非航空公司承诺的后续行动，排除；D未提及，排除。3.A【解析】事实细节题。新闻中提到“itisafemaleandsheweighsnearly130kilograms”，即幼象体重约130公斤，A选项表述与原文一致，故选A。B是幼象母亲Semba的情况，C未提及，D与原文不符，排除。4.C【解析】推理判断题。新闻中提到“Officialsdescribethebabyelephantas'healthy,standingandnursing'”，且未提及Semba怀孕过程中有并发症，可推断怀孕过程顺利，故选C。A混淆了怀孕时长（22个月）和时间（22小时），B与原文不符，D中提到的医生未在新闻中出现，排除。5.D【解析】事实细节题。新闻中明确提到“Therestaurant,whichislocatedonthebeach,wasbuiltabovetheseawater”，即餐厅建在海水之上，故选D。A、B虽为原文内容，但题干问的是“关于餐厅我们了解到什么”，D是最直接的细节；C未提及，排除。6.D【解析】事实细节题。新闻中提到“ThemanagerpostedapictureoftheringonFacebook”，即经理计划将戒指的照片发布到脸书，故选D。A、B未提及，C混淆了发布的内容（戒指照片而非餐厅照片），排除。7.B【解析】事实细节题。新闻中提到“acustomerfoundadiamondringontherestaurant'swoodendeck.Sheimmediatelytookittotherestaurantmanager”，即顾客发现戒指后立即交给了餐厅经理，故选B。A、C、D均与原文不符，排除。8.D【解析】事实细节题。对话开头男士提到“duckhuntingremainslegalinmanypartsoftheworld”，即猎鸭在世界许多地方仍然合法，故选D。A是女士的疑问，男士予以确认，但并非男士首先提到的关于猎鸭的内容；B、C与原文不符，排除。9.C【解析】事实细节题。男士提到“Climatechangehasaffectedtheirhabitats,anddroughtsandbushfireshavemadethingsworse”以及“I'mstudyingtheimpactofhumanactivitiesonduckpopulations”，可知气候变化和人类活动是鸭群数量减少的原因，故选C。A、B只是气候变化的具体表现，不够全面；D未提及，排除。10.B【解析】事实细节题。男士提到“someorganizationsareworkingtoprotectduckhabitatsandrestricthuntingseasons”，即一些组织正在保护鸭类栖息地并限制狩猎季节，故选B。A、C、D未提及，排除。11.A【解析】事实细节题。男士明确表示“I'mstudyingtheimpactofhumanactivitiesonduckpopulations”，即他的研究重点是人类活动对鸭群数量的影响，故选A。B、C、D均与原文不符，排除。12.C【解析】事实细节题。短文开头提到“Campingisstilloneofthecheapestwaysofhavingaholiday”，即露营是最便宜的度假方式之一，故选C。A与原文相反，B、D与原文不符，排除。13.B【解析】事实细节题。短文提到“ThemostpopulartentsoldinBritainistheframetentwithtwobedroomsandsleepingaccommodationforfourpeople”，即英国最受欢迎的帐篷是有两个卧室、可容纳四人的框架帐篷，故选B。A、C、D均与原文不符，排除。14.C【解析】事实细节题。短文提到“Sometentsalsohaveakitchenextension,whichisveryconvenientforcooking”，即带厨房延伸部分的帐篷便于烹饪，故选C。A、B、D未提及，排除。15.A【解析】事实细节题。短文结尾提到“it'simportanttochooseagoodcampsiteandprepareproperly”，即建议人们选择合适的营地并做好充分准备，故选A。B、C、D与原文不符，排除。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA(BankedCloze)Thesheetsaredampwithsweat.You'recold,butyourheartisracingasifakillerischasingyou.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there'snothingtobeafraidof.Butyou'restillfilledwith26.It'snotjustthefearofwhatmighthappen,butthefearofthefearitself.Howcanyoustopthenightmaresandthefeelingsofpanicthatcomewiththem?Tounderstandhowto27panic,it'simportanttolearnhowthebodyandmindreacttofear.Whenyou'refrightened,yourbodyreleaseschemicalsthatprepareyoutoeitherfightorrunaway.Yourheartbeatsfaster,yourbreathingquickens,andyourmusclestense.Thesephysicalreactionsarenormalandevenhelpfulindangeroussituations.Butwhenfearbecomesoverwhelmingandlastsforalongtime,itcanbecomeaproblem.Panicattackscanhappenatanytime,evenwhenyou'renotindanger.Theycanbe28tocontrol,buttherearethingsyoucandotomanagethem.Onetechniqueistofocusonyourbreathing.Slow,deepbreathscanhelpcalmyourbodyandmind.Anotheristochallengeyournegativethoughts.Askyourself:Isthisfearrealistic?What'stheworstthatcouldhappen?Often,theanswerisnotasbadasyouthink.It'salsoimportanttobe29ofthetriggersthatcauseyourpanicattacks.Forsomepeople,it'sstressfromworkorschool;forothers,it'saspecificsituation,likebeinginacrowd.Onceyouknowwhattriggersyourpanic,youcantakestepstoavoiditorprepareforit.Remember,you'renotalone.Millionsofpeoplesufferfrompanicattacksandnightmares.Withtherighttoolsandsupport,youcanlearnto30yourfearandliveanormallife.Don'tbeafraidtoaskforhelpifyouneedit.Atherapistcanhelpyouunderstandyourfearanddevelopstrategiesto31it.Panicattacksare32characterizedbysuddenfeelingsofintensefear.Theycanlastforafewminutesorlonger,andtheycanbeveryscary.Buttheyarenotdangerous.Withpractice,youcanlearntorecognizethesignsofapanicattackandtakestepstocalmyourselfdown.Thekeytoovercomingpanicistofaceyourfear,not33it.Avoidingyourfearwillonlymakeitworse.Instead,trytograduallyexposeyourselftothethingsthatscareyou.Startwithsmallsteps,andgraduallybuildupyourconfidence.Overtime,you'llfindthatyourfearbecomeslessintense.Inconclusion,panicandnightmaresarecommon,buttheydon'thavetocontrolyourlife.Byunderstandingyourfear,learningtomanageyourphysicalreactions,andchallengingyournegativethoughts,youcan34thecycleoffearandpanic.Remember,youhavethepowerto35youremotions,nottheotherwayaround.A)awareB)answerC)avoidD)awareE)fearF)limitedG)fearH)limitedI)resultJ)reviewK)tendL)rigorousM)tendN)typicallyO)typically（注：原题选项存在重复，已修正为正确选项：A)awareB)answerC)avoidD)controlE)fearF)limitedG)manageH)overcomeI)resultJ)reviewK)tendL)rigorousM)triggerN)typicallyO)unusual）答案及解析26.E)fear【解析】空格前为介词with，需填名词。结合上下文，噩梦过后仍然充满“恐惧”，fear（恐惧）符合语境，故选E。27.C)avoid【解析】空格前为不定式to，需填动词原形。结合句意“要了解如何____恐慌，重要的是了解身体和大脑对恐惧的反应”，avoid（避免）符合语境，故选C。28.F)limited【解析】空格前为be动词，需填形容词。结合句意“恐慌发作可能____控制，但你可以做一些事情来管理它们”，limited（难以）符合语境，belimitedtocontrol表示“难以控制”，故选F。29.A)aware【解析】空格前为be动词，需填形容词，且与of搭配。beawareof（意识到）为固定搭配，结合句意“意识到导致你恐慌发作的触发因素也很重要”，故选A。30.G)manage【解析】空格前为不定式to，需填动词原形。结合句意“通过正确的工具和支持，你可以学会____恐惧，过上正常的生活”，manage（管理、应对）符合语境，故选G。31.H)overcome【解析】空格前为不定式to，需填动词原形。结合句意“治疗师可以帮助你理解恐惧，并制定策略____它”，overcome（克服）符合语境，故选H。32.N)typically【解析】空格后为过去分词characterized，需填副词。结合句意“恐慌发作____以突然的强烈恐惧感为特征”，typically（通常）符合语境，故选N。33.C)avoid【解析】空格前为not，需填动词原形，与face（面对）形成对比。结合句意“克服恐慌的关键是面对恐惧，而不是____它”，avoid（逃避）符合语境，故选C。34.I)result【解析】空格前为情态动词can，需填动词原形。结合句意“通过理解你的恐惧、学会管理身体反应和挑战消极想法，你可以____恐惧和恐慌的循环”，result（打破、终结）符合语境，故选I。35.D)control【解析】空格前为不定式to，需填动词原形。结合句意“记住，你有能力____自己的情绪，而不是被情绪控制”，control（控制）符合语境，故选D。SectionB(Matching)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowWomenDealwithStressA)It'sacommonstory—onewefrequentlyridiculeandreadilydismiss,forexample,byclaimingthatwomentendtocomplainmorethanmen,despitethegrowingsumofresearchthatunderlinestheproblem.Butthefactisthatwomenexperiencestressdifferentlyfrommen,andtheyalsocopewithitdifferently.Understandingthesedifferencescanhelpusbettersupportwomeninmanagingstress.B)Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplessness.Whenshedidsleep,sheexperienced"problem-solvingdreams,"whichleftherfeelingunrestedwhenshewokeup."AfterIbecameafirst-timemother,IquicklyrealizedIwassobusycaringforotherpeopleandworkthatIfeltlikeI'dlostmyself,"shesaid.Thisisacommonfeelingamongworkingmothers,whooftenhavetobalancework,family,andpersonalneeds.C)Dr.ErinJoyce,aclinicalpsychologist,said,"Thedifferenceinhowmenandwomenexperiencestressisnotreallynewstome.Womenaremorelikelytoexperiencestressfrommultiplesources,suchaswork,family,andsocialexpectations.Men,ontheotherhand,aremorelikelytoexperiencestressfromwork-relatedissuesalone."D)ResearchfromNovaSoutheasternUniversityfoundthatfemalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagerstoengageinsurfaceacting—forcingemotionsthatarenotwhollyfelt.Thiscanbeextremelystressful,asitrequiresconstantefforttohideone'struefeelingsandputona"professional"face.E)Dr.Joycealsonotedthatthenatureandscopeofresponsibilitiesathomearedifferentformenandwomen.Forexample,theUnitedNationsreportedthatwomendonearlythreetimesasmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen.Thisadditionalburdencanleadtohigherlevelsofstressforwomen.F)LikeMs.Li,manywomentrytomanagetheaddedstresstoreachwhatDr.Joycesaidwasanunattainableideal:"Someprofessionalwomenaimtodoitall—theywanttoreachthetopofthecorporateladderandflylikesuper-mom,"shesaid.Thispressuretobeperfectcanbeoverwhelmingandleadtochronicstress.G)Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof"emotionallabor,"aconceptthatthewriterJessZimmermanmadefamiliarina2015essay.TheessaysparkedamassivethreadontheinternetcommunityblogMetaFilter,withmanywomensharingtheirownexperiencesofemotionallaborintheworkplaceandathome.H)Disconnectingfromworkandhomeresponsibilitiesisalsoobviouslyimportant.Butit'smucheasiersaidthandone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstressinthefirstplace.Onceyouidentifythesourcesofstress,youcantakestepstoreduceoreliminatethem.I)Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealthwhenyouconsiderthelinkbetweenstress,anxiety,andhearthealth.Worse,mostofwhatweknowaboutheartdiseasecomesfromstudiesinvolvingmen.Thismeansthatwemaynotfullyunderstandhowstressaffectswomen'sphysicalhealth.J)Thegoodnewsis,womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargeoftheirstressandmanageit,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreports.Theconceptofself-care,atitscore,isquitesimple:takingtimetodothingsthatnourishyourbodyandmind,suchasexercise,meditation,orspendingtimewithfriends.36.LikeMs.Li,manywomentrytomanagetheaddedstresstoreachwhatDr.Joycesaidwasanunattainableideal“someprofessionalwomenaimtodoitalltheywanttoreachthetopofthecorporateladderandflylikesuper-mom，"shesaid.37.Thedifference,however,isinthenatureandscopeoftheseresponsibilitiesinthehomeinparticular,“DrJoycesaid.Forexample,theunitednationsreportedthatnearlythreetimesasmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen.38.It'sacommonstory-onewefrequentlyridiculeandreadilydismiss,forexample,byclaimingthatwomentendtocomplainmorethanmen,despitethegrowingsumofresearchthatunderlinestheproblem.39.Disconnectingfromworkandhomeresponsibilitiesisalsoobviouslyimportant.Butit'smuchcasiersaidthandone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstressinthefirstplace.40.It'snotjustinsidethehome,though.Researchfromnovasoutheasternuniversityfoundthatfemalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagerstodisplayorforcingemotionsthatarenotwhollyfelt.41.Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealthwhenyouconsiderthelinkbetweenstressaanxietyandhearthealth.Worse,mostofwhatweknowaboutheartdis-easecomesfromstudiesinvolvingmen.42.Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplessness.Whenshedidsleepsheexperienced"problem-solvingdreams，“whichleftherfeelingunrestedwhenshewokeup.afteribecameafirst-timemother，iquicklyrealizediwassobusycaringforotherpeopleandworkthatifeltlikei'dlostmyself.43.Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof"emotionallabor"aconceptthatthewriterjesszimmermanmadefa-miliarina2015essay.theessaysparkedamassivethread，ontheinternetcommunityblogmetafilter.44.Thegoodnewsis，womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargeoftheirstressandmanageit，theamericanpsy-chologicalassociationreports.theconceptofself-care，atitscore，isquitesimple.”45.Thedifferenceisnotreallynewstome，asaclinicalpsy-chologistsaiderinjoyce，答案及解析36.F【解析】题干内容与F段中“LikeMs.Li,manywomentrytomanagetheaddedstresstoreachwhatDr.Joycesaidwasanunattainableideal:'Someprofessionalwomenaimtodoitall—theywanttoreachthetopofthecorporateladderandflylikesuper-mom,'shesaid.”完全一致，故选F。37.E【解析】题干内容与E段中“Dr.Joycealsonotedthatthenatureandscopeofresponsibilitiesathomearedifferentformenandwomen.Forexample,theUnitedNationsreportedthatwomendonearlythreetimesasmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen.”一致，故选E。38.A【解析】题干内容与A段中“It'sacommonstory—onewefrequentlyridiculeandreadilydismiss,forexample,byclaimingthatwomentendtocomplainmorethanmen,despitethegrowingsumofresearchthatunderlinestheproblem.”完全一致，故选A。39.H【解析】题干内容与H段中“Disconnectingfromworkandhomeresponsibilitiesisalsoobviouslyimportant.Butit'smucheasiersaidthandone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstressinthefirstplace.”完全一致，故选H。40.D【解析】题干内容与D段中“ResearchfromNovaSoutheasternUniversityfoundthatfemalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagerstoengageinsurfaceacting—forcingemotionsthatarenotwhollyfelt.”一致，故选D。41.I【解析】题干内容与I段中“Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealthwhenyouconsiderthelinkbetweenstress,anxiety,andhearthealth.Worse,mostofwhatweknowaboutheartdiseasecomesfromstudiesinvolvingmen.”完全一致，故选I。42.B【解析】题干内容与B段中“Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplessness.Whenshedidsleep,sheexperienced'problem-solvingdreams,'whichleftherfeelingunrestedwhenshewokeup.'AfterIbecameafirst-timemother,IquicklyrealizedIwassobusycaringforotherpeopleandworkthatIfeltlikeI'dlostmyself,'shesaid.”完全一致，故选B。43.G【解析】题干内容与G段中“Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof'emotionallabor,'aconceptthatthewriterJessZimmermanmadefamiliarina2015essay.TheessaysparkedamassivethreadontheinternetcommunityblogMetaFilter...”一致，故选G。44.J【解析】题干内容与J段中“Thegoodnewsis,womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargeoftheirstressandmanageit,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreports.Theconceptofself-care,atitscore,isquitesimple:...”完全一致，故选J。45.C【解析】题干内容与C段中“Dr.ErinJoyce,aclinicalpsychologist,said,'Thedifferenceinhowmenandwomenexperiencestressisnotreallynewstome.'”一致，故选C。SectionC(ReadinginDepth)PassageOneAsmanyofficeworkersadapttoremotework,citiesmayundergofundamentalchangeifofficesremainunder-utilized.Whowillbenefitfromthisshift?Perhapssurprisingly,it'snotjustremoteworkerswhostandtogain.Somecitiesandtownsmayalsobenefitfromthechange,asremoteworkallowspeopletolivefurtherfromurbancenters,potentiallyrevitalizingruralandsuburbanareas.Remoteworkhasbeenontheriseforyears,buttheCOVID-19pandemicacceleratedthistrenddramatically.Beforethepandemic,onlyabout5%ofU.S.workersworkedfromhomefull-time.By2021,thatnumberhadjumpedtonearly25%.Whilesomecompaniesarepushingforareturntotheoffice,manyworkersarereluctanttogiveuptheflexibilityofremotework.Arecentsurveyfoundthat70%ofremoteworkerswouldquittheirjobsifforcedtoreturntotheofficefull-time.Theshifttoremoteworkcouldhaveaprofoundimpactonurbaneconomies.Fordecades,citieshavereliedonofficeworkerstosupportlocalbusinessessuchasrestaurants,coffeeshops,andretailstores.Iffewerpeoplecommutetooffices,thesebusinessesmaystruggle.However,thiscouldalsocreateopportunitiesforbusinessesinsmallertownsandsuburbanareas,asremoteworkersmovetheretotakeadvantageoflowerhousingcostsandabetterqualityoflife.Anotherpotentialbenefitofremoteworkisareductionintrafficcongestionandairpollution.Withfewerpeoplecommuting,therewillbelesstrafficontheroads,whichcouldleadtoshortertraveltimesforthosewhodoneedtocommute.Additionally,fewercarsontheroadwillreducegreenhousegasemissions,helpingtoaddressclimatechange.Ofcourse,remoteworkisnotwithoutitschallenges.Someworkersstrugglewithisolationandburnout,andmanycompaniesfinditdifficulttomanageremoteteamseffectively.Therearealsoconcernsaboutdatasecurityandthedigitaldivide—notallworkershaveaccesstohigh-speedinternetoraquietworkspaceathome.Despitethesechallenges,theshifttoremoteworkislikelyheretostay.Astechnologycontinuestoimprove,remoteworkwillbecomeevenmoreaccessibleandefficient.Citiesandbusinessesthatadapttothistrendwillbebetterpositionedtothriveinthepost-pandemicworld.Questions46to50arebasedonthepassage.46.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutremoteworkbeforetheCOVID-19pandemic?A)Itwaswidelyacceptedbymostcompanies.B)Itwaspracticedbyasmallpercentageofworkers.C)Itwasmainlyusedbypeopleinruralareas.D)Itwasconsideredaluxuryforhigh-incomeworkers.47.Whatdowelearnfromtherecentsurveyaboutremoteworkers?A)Mostofthemareunwillingtoreturntotheofficefull-time.B)Theyaremoreproductivethanofficeworkers.C)Theyhavebetterwork-lifebalance.D)Mostofthemwouldquittheirjobsiftheycan'tworkremotely.48.Howmightremoteworkaffecturbaneconomies?A)Itwillboostlocalbusinessesinurbancenters.B)Itwillreducethenumberofcommutersincities.C)Itwillleadtothedeclineofallurbanbusinesses.D)Itwillmakeurbanhousingcostshigher.49.Whatisapotentialbenefitofremoteworkmentionedinthepassage?A)