2022年高考分类题库考点1阅读理解

温馨提示：此题库为Word版，请按住Ctrl，滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，关闭Word文档返回原板块。一、科普知识类 -1-二、广告宣传类 -2-三、政治经济类类 -3-四、人物传记类 -3-五、文化教育类 -4-六、社会生活类 -4-七、环境保护类 -5-八、文学艺术类 -5-考点1阅读理解科普知识类(2022·全国甲卷·B)话题:人与自然,自然生态词数:253难度:★★★BGoffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin'scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.26.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过与人类婴儿的对比,说明了凤头鹦鹉有着同人类相似的形状认知能力,能够使用工具,这一点比猴子更聪明。24.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中“Intheexperiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob”可知,在实验中,凤头鹦鹉使用工具取出了坚果。25.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage”可知,一岁左右的婴儿可以将圆形物体放到圆形的洞口中,故C项正确。26.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.”可知,接下来的实验旨在弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索还是也使用触觉来选择形状。故D项正确。27.【解析】选D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要说明了凤头鹦鹉有着同人类相似的形状认知能力,能够使用工具认知物体的形状,故D项最适合作为本文标题。【核心单词】recognitionn.识别;承认,接受;表彰besimilarto 与……相似letout 放出,发出reference n.提及,谈到;参考,查阅workout 解决;算出;实现;制定出【难句剖析】原句:Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.分析:该句为主从复合句,句中Though引导让步状语从句,该从句省略了主语和be动词;while引导时间状语从句,也省略了主语和be动词。译文:虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具,但事实证明,它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具了。(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·D)话题:锻炼有益于心脏词数:357难度:★★★★DAsweage,evenifwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon'texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That'swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(无氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLevine.“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise.”Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn'tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven'talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.“Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine'sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.12.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.13.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.14.WhatdoesLevine'sresearchfind?A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.15.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。12.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段的本·莱文博士说的话以及That'swhathappenstotheheart.可知,莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程。故选D。13.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段的第三、四句:第一组每周参加三次无氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练,第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多天的高强度有氧运动。由此可知,两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同。故选C。14.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段的Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.和第四段莱文说的话可知,莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动,中年人的心脏会变得更年轻。故选A。15.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.可知,妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。【难句剖析】Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpumpalotmorebloodduringexercise.分析:此句是复合句。theygotsomuchstrongerandfitter是省略关系副词why的定语从句。that引导表语从句,表语从句中and连接并列谓语。翻译:他们变得更强壮和更健康的原因是,他们的心脏现在可以填充得更好,并在运动中泵送更多的血液。（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）话题:文学概论词数:218难度:★★AGradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclasslecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.22.Howmanypartsisastudentsfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【文章大意】本文是说明文,一位文学老师主要介绍了文学概论的评分标准。21.【解析】选C。推理判断题。本文中一位文学老师主要介绍了文学概论的评分标准,所以文章可能摘自老师的课程安排。故选C。22.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据Essays(60%),GroupAssignments(30%)以及DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)可知,学生的最终成绩是由三部分组成的。故选B。23.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句可知,如果在到期日之后的第四天仍未上交,则将获得零分。由此可知,到期日之后的一周才交,将获得零分,故选A。（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）话题:语音词数:363难度:★★★DHumanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworldslanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidnthavetodoasmuchworkandsodidntgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasisresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一项突破性的、历时五年的研究结果。这项研究表明,与饮食有关的人类咬合变化导致了新的语音,目前世界上一半的语言都有这种语音。32.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的“NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.”可知,DamiánBlasi的研究关注的是人类语言的发展。故选D。33.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段可知,古代成年人的上下门牙排列整齐,很难产生唇齿音,唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙形成的。后来,我们的下巴变成了覆颌结构,更容易发出这样的声音。由此可知,古代成年人难以发出唇齿音的原因是覆颌结构不好。故选C。34.【解析】选A。段落大意题。第五段提到,一个语言数据库的分析也证实,新石器时代之后,世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化,在过去的几千年里,“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到。由此可知,第五段是为上文提到的研究发现进一步提供证据。故选A。35.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段StevenMoran说的话可知,自人类出现以来,我们所使用的语音并不一定一直保持稳定,而是我们今天发现的各种语音是生物变化和文化进化等复杂因素相互作用的产物。由此可知,语言是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。【难句剖析】Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.分析:此句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句,在宾语从句中makingithardtoproducelabiodentals是现在分词短语作结果状语。在这个现在分词短语中it作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词labiodentals。翻译:他们发现,古代人类成年人的上下门牙排列整齐,很难产生唇齿音,唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙形成的。二、广告宣传类(2022·全国甲卷·A)话题:人与社会,文化和娱乐词数:281难度:★★ATheatresandEntertainmentStDavid'sHallStDavid'sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff'sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2,000-seatconcerthall,StDavid'sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment,includingpop,rock,folk,jazz,musicals,dance,worldmusic,filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes,CardiffCF101AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk

TheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn'tbeenonthestagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay,CardiffBay,CardiffCF105BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffShermanCymruShermanCymru'stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(机会)todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre,dance,familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad,CardiffCF244YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicals,danceandchildren'sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK'stouringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiff'soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace,CardiffCF103LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk21.WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?A.AttheNewTheatre.B.AttheGleeClub.C.AtShermanCymru.D.AtStDavid'sHall.22.WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?A.Watchmusicals.B.Enjoycomedies.C.Seefamilyshows.D.Docreativethings.23.WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff'soldestsurvivingtheatre?A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukB.www.shermancymru.co.ukC.www.glee.co.uk/cardiffD.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了四个剧院和娱乐场所,具体介绍了这些场所的特点、项目、地址、网址等信息。21.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Withanimpressive2,000-seatconcerthall,StDavid'sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.”可知,每年一度的WelshPromsCardiff在圣大卫厅举办,故D项正确。22.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Everyweekendthisis‘Wales’premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.”可知,在Glee俱乐部可以欣赏喜剧,故B项正确。23.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK'stouringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiff'soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.”可知,新剧院是卡迪夫现存最古老的传统剧院,结合最后一段提供的网址可知,A项正确。【核心单词】entertainmentn.娱乐,娱乐表演;招待award n.奖,奖品v.授予,颁发impressive adj.令人印象深刻的,令人钦佩的behometo 是……的所在地premier adj.首要的,最好的;最早的 n.总理,首相payavisit 参观,访问【难句剖析】原句:Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn'tbeenonthestagehere.分析:该句为主从复合句,句中It作形式主语,动词不定式充当真正的主语;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词acomedystar。译文:很难说出一个没有在这里登台过的喜剧明星的名字。(2022·全国乙卷·A)话题:展览活动词数:194难度:★★HenryRaeburn(1756—1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像画)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn'sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn'sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimesMonday—Saturday10.00—17.45Sunday12.00—17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24—26Decemberand1JanuaryAdmission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov. D.Thurs.13Nov.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4. B.￡8.C.￡12. D.￡16.23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷本爵士举办的一个展览活动。21.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据表格Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries部分中的“Thursday30Oct.(10月30日,星期四)”可知,在10月30日,星期四可以去参加Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries。故选B。22.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据Admission部分中的“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.(门票为4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知,一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑,两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费,即入场费为8英镑。故选B。23.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“所有全日制教育的学生,高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生,在有教师的组织团体中,均可享受每人2英镑的团体折扣入场费。”可知,全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中,可以获得折扣,即他们必须由教师带领。故选C。【难句剖析】Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.分析:逗号前为过去分词短语作状语,tobeheldinoverfortyyears为动词不定式短语作后置定语。翻译:从世界各地的收藏中挑选,这是四十多年来他的作品首次举办大型展览。(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·A)话题:儿童探索博物馆团体游词数:239难度:★★AChildren'sDiscoveryMuseumGeneralInformationaboutGroupPlayPricingGroupPlay$7/personScholarshipsWeofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations,subjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.ScholarshipsareforGroupPlayadmissionfeesand/ortransportation.Transportationinvoices(发票)mustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisittoguaranteethescholarship.GroupSizeWerequireonechaperone(监护人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore,pleasecalltodiscussoptions.HoursTheMuseumisopendailyfrom9:30amto4:30pm.GroupPlaymaybescheduledduringanydayortimetheMuseumisopen.RegistrationPolicyRegistrationmustbemadeatleasttwoweeksinadvance.RegisteronlineorfilloutaGroupPlayRegistrationFormwithmultipledateandstarttimeoptions.Oncetheregistrationformisreceivedandprocessed,wewillsendaconfirmationemailwithintwobusinessdays.Guidelines●Teachersandchaperonesshouldmodelgoodbehaviorforthegroupandremainwithstudentsatalltimes.●ChildrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.●Childrenshouldplaynicelywitheachotherandexhibits.●UseyourindoorvoicewhenattheMuseum.1.Whatdoesagroupneedtodoiftheyareofferedascholarship?A.Prepaytheadmissionfees.B.UsetheMuseum'stransportation.C.Takeasurveyafterthevisit.D.Scheduletheirvisitonweekdays.2.Howmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.3.WhatarechildrenprohibitedfromdoingattheMuseum?A.Usingthecomputer.B.Talkingwitheachother.C.Touchingtheexhibits.D.Exploringtheplacealone.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,文章提供了关于儿童探索博物馆团体游的相关信息。1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据“Scholarships”标题下的Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations,subjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.可知,如果一个团体获得了奖学金,需要参加一个访后的调查问卷。故选C。2.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据“GroupSize”标题下的Werequireonechaperonepertenchildren.可知,10个孩子需要1个监护人,那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。3.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“Guidelines”标题下的ChildrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.可知,儿童必须在监护人陪伴下才能进入博物馆,即儿童不能单独进入博物馆进行探索。故选D。三、政治经济类类无四、人物传记类(2022·全国甲卷·C)话题:人与自我,工作与生活词数:306难度:★★★CAsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI'dfindthereandIwasn'tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend'sinvitation.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的GinniBazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的爱,渴望探险,在她不再跳舞,且孩子们都成家立业之后,她开始周游世界,并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。28.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段“Throughouthercareerasaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.”可知,在她的舞蹈演员职业生涯中,她曾在英国巡演,但一直渴望进一步探索。在她不再跳舞且她的儿子们最终成家立业后,她决定是时候冒险了。据此可以判断,taketheplunge意为“尝试具有挑战性的事情”。故选A。29.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.(正是在智利,她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从南美洲大陆最南端火地岛外的岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票。)可知,打折的船票使她决定到南极洲旅行。故选C。30.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段可知,意识到这是一块宝贵的土地,应该受到人类的尊重,这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。据此可推断,Ginni认为南极洲应该受到很好的保护。故选C。31.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了GinniBazlinton去南极洲旅行的经历,再根据倒数第二段中GinniBazlinton对南极洲之旅的评价:thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas可知,去南极洲旅行让她非常难忘,故B项最能概括文章主旨。【核心单词】longv.渴望explore v.探索eventually adv.最终prefer v.更喜欢leaveanimpressionon 给……留下印象【难句剖析】原句:Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.分析:该句为主从复合句,第一个that引导同位语从句,说明名词realization的内容;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词thebiggestthings。译文:意识到这是一块宝贵的土地,应该受到人类的尊重,这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。五、文化教育类(2022·全国甲卷·D)话题:人与社会,历史与文化词数:330难度:★★★DSometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I'llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant,andthey'renotfuntopilot.Butthat'sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan'tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It'saconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It'saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.D.