浙江省名校协作体G12联盟2025-2026学年高二下学期开学英语试题

高二英语练习考生须知：1.本卷满分150分，练习时间120分钟;2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写学校、班级、姓名、试场号、座位号及准考证号。3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效;4.练习结束后，只需上交答题卷。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.WhatisTinagoingtodotomorrow?A.WatchTV.B.Meetherteacher.C.Handinherhomework.2.WhatwillMarydointhepetition?A.Playthepiano.B.Workasahostess.C.SingalongwithJane.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inaschool.C.Inahospital.4.Whatistheproblemwiththecurtains?A.Theyarenotthick.B.Theycan’tbeopened.C.Theydon’tfitthewindow.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Arestaurant.B.Weekendplans.C.Thebusywork.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatwasthespeakers’originalplanfortheevening?A.Eatingout.B.Buyingsomecandles.C.Havingdinnerathome.7.Howdoesthewomansoundintheend?A.Annoyed.B.Worried.C.Pleased.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhydidEricleavetheclassroomaheadoftimethismorning?A.Hemisreadthetime.B.Hefoundthetestquiteeasy.C.Hemissedthewritingpart.9.WhatcanwesayaboutEric?A.He’smodest.B.He’sproud.C.He’sselfless.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatproblemdoesJessiehave?A.Shehasadifficultclient.B.Shecan’tgetthroughtohermanager.C.Sheisunabletofindimportantdata.11.WhenwillDavidprobablyebackhome?A.At8:15a.m.B.At8:45a.m.C.At9:15a.m.12.WhatdoweknowaboutDavidandJessie?A.They’refamily.B.They’recolleagues.C.They’reneighbors.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howmanychildrendoesthewomanhave?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.14.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenStevenandthewoman?A.Brotherandsister.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.15.WhatdidthewomandoonNewportBeach?A.Shesailed.B.Sheread.C.Sheswam.16.Whichplacedoesthewomanremendmost?A.SouthernCaliforniabeach.B.NewportBeach.C.TheUniversalStudio.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Parents.B.Scientists.C.Students.18.Whatpercentageofpeoplearelikelytobeshortsightedby2050?A.25%.B.40%.C.50%.19.Whatisthekeyfactorinnearsightednessaccordingtosomescientists?A.Gene.B.Lifestyle.C.Wrongglasses.20.Whatwillthespeakertalkabou?A.Howtoconductasurvey.B.Howtopreventnearsightedness.C.Howtofindoutnearsightednessearly.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ALiveeventshavethepowertocreatepositivechangesandbuildmunity.Volunteeringatlocaleventsoffersopportunitiestomakeadifferencewhilegainingvaluableexperiences.HerearesomevolunteeropportunitiesacrosstheUnitedStateswhereyoucanhaveameaningfulimpact.BeachCleanupJointheCoastalCorridorAlliancetocleanuptheSantaAnaRiverCoastalCorridorandhelprestorethehabitatsitsupports.Volunteerswillgathertoremovepollutionfromthearea,whichdrainswaterandwastefromthreecountiesintothePacificOcean.It’salsoanopportunitytoenjoytheoutdoors.DateandTime:Saturday,January25Location:NewportLifeguardTower74FamilyVolunteeringatBrooklynBookBodegasFamilieswithchildrenaged1017areinvitedtovolunteertogetheratBrooklynBookBodegas.Duringthisevent,volunteerswillstampandsortdonatedbooksthatwillbedistributedtolocalmunities.Pleasenotethatregistrationisrequiredbeforehand,asspotsarelimited.DateandTime:Sunday,January19Location:BrooklynBookBodegas,141FlushingAveFoodwiseVolunteerOrientationJoinFoodwise’svolunteerorientationtolearnabouttheirmissionofconnectingpeopletofresh,localfoodthrougheducationandfarmers’markets.Thesessionwillcoversustainablefoodsystems,theorganization’svalues,andavailablevolunteeropportunities.DateandTime:Wednesday,January22Location:ferryBuilding,1ferryBuildingGiveWarmthDC:3rdAnnualMLKDayofServiceInhonorofDr.MartinLutherKingJr.’slegacy,thiseventencouragesvolunteerstosupportunhousedneighborsbydistributingwinteressentials.Theserviceprojectispartofalargerefforttocreateapositiveimpactforthehomelessmunity.Pleasekeepinmindthatyouneedtosignupbeforehandduetothelimitednumberofseats.DateandTime:Saturday,January25Location:VeraCocina&Bar,2002FenwickStreetNortheast1.WhatcanvolunteersdoattheBeachCleanupevent?A.Learnaboutsustainablefoodsystems.B.Distributewinteressentialstothehomeless.C.Stampandsortbooksforlocalmunities.D.Removepollutionandenjoytheoutdoorscenery.2.Whateventsrequireregistrationinadvance?A.BeachCleanup&GiveWarmthDCB.FoodwiseVolunteerOrientation&BeachCleanupC.FamilyVolunteeringatBrooklynBookBodegas&GiveWarmthDCD.FoodwiseVolunteerOrientation&FamilyVolunteeringatBrooklynBookBodegas3.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheeventslistedin?A.Topromotelocaltourism. B.Tocelebratespecialholidays.C.Toraisefundsforanewcharity. D.Toencouragevolunteerparticipation.【答案】1.D2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了美国几个能产生积极影响且有意义的志愿者活动机会。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据BeachCleanup部分中“Volunteerswillgathertoremovepollutionfromthearea,whichdrainswaterandwastefromthreecountiesintothePacificOcean.It’salsoanopportunitytoenjoytheoutdoors.(志愿者们将聚集在一起清除该地区的污染，该地区将三个县的水和废物排入太平洋。这也是一个享受户外的好机会。)”可知，在海滩清理活动中，志愿者可以清除污染并享受户外景色。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据FamilyVolunteeringatBrooklynBookBodegas部分中“Pleasenotethatregistrationisrequiredbeforehand,asspotsarelimited.(请注意，由于名额有限，需提前注册。)”以及GiveWarmthDC:3rdAnnualMLKDayofService部分中“Pleasekeepinmindthatyouneedtosignupbeforehandduetothelimitednumberofseats.(请记住，由于座位有限，您需要提前报名。)”可知，FamilyVolunteeringatBrooklynBookBodegas和GiveWarmthDC这两个活动需要提前注册。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Volunteeringatlocaleventsoffersopportunitiestomakeadifferencewhilegainingvaluableexperiences.HerearesomevolunteeropportunitiesacrosstheUnitedStateswhereyoucanhaveameaningfulimpact.(在当地活动中做志愿者提供了做出改变并获得宝贵经验的机会。以下是一些在美国各地你可以产生有意义影响的志愿者机会。)”可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励志愿者参与活动。故选D。BTobi,a15yearolddogwithmessybrownfur,washappilywalkingwithhisownerandbestfriend,AndreaCaceres,inaparkofNewYorkCityonedayinAugust.Hewasn’tscaredatallbythenoiseofcarsfromthenearbyroad,orevenwhenaloudambulancerushedpast.“He’satrueNewYorker,”Caceressaidwithalaugh.Butthelittledogwasn’talwayssofamiliarwiththebigcity.Caceres’newchildren’sbook,Hello,Tobi!,isacelebrationofTobi’swalksintheparkswhenhefirstarrivedinNewYork.TobiwasborninValencia,Venezuela.Backthen,Cacereswasplanningtobeeacivilengineer.“WhileIwasstudying,Istartedillustrating,”shesaid.“AndIstartedillustratingTobi.”Withoutevertakingasingleartclass,Caceresgraduatedwithanengineeringdegree—butshepursuedworkasanartist.In2016,CaceresmovedtotheUnitedStatesandfoundapositionasailedesigner.“Iwasdesigningforotherpeoplehere.Ididn’thavetimetodoanythingformyself,”shesaid.Worseofall,shehadtoleaveTobibackinVenezuela.Shemissedhimimmensely,andshewaseagerforacreativeoutlettohelpherthroughallthetransitionsshewasgoingthrough.Soshestartedaproject:Everyday,forawholeyear,shewoulddrawadifferentdog.Shecalledtheproject“ADogADayKeepstheStressAway”,andthefirstdogshedrewinJanuary2018was,ofcourse,Tobi.Theillustrationstookoff.Soon,Cáceresstartedgettinginvitedtodrawpeople’spetsandpaintmuralsforcafésandvetclinics.Bestofall,aftermorethantwoyearsapart,shesavedenoughtobringTobitoNewYork.“Themomenthesawme,hestartedcrying,”sherecalled.Hello,Tobi!isaportraitofthisperiod.Inreallifeandinthestory,Tobigreetsallthedifferentpeopleatthepark—buthehasaclearfavorite:hisownfamily.“HelovesmeandIjustalwayslovehimback,”Cáceressaid.4.WhydidCáceressayTobiis“atrueNewYorker”?A.BecauseTobihasbeenraisedupinNewYork.B.BecauseTobihasfoundalotoflocalfriendshere.C.BecauseTobihasadaptedtothenoisyurbanenvironment.D.BecauseTobihasgotfamiliarwithvariousroadsinthiscity.5.WhydidCáceresstart“ADogADayKeepstheStressAway”?A.Toimproveherskillsasailedesigner.B.Tocreateanewchildren’sbookaboutdogs.C.TorememberherfondmemoriesinVenezuela.D.Tocopewiththechangesandstressinhernewlife.6.WhathappenedtoCáceresafterthesuccessofherillustrations?A.SheopenedherownartstudioinNewYorkCity.B.Sheearnedenoughmoneytoreunitewithherdog.C.Shebecameafulltimewriterofchildren’sbooks.D.ShedecidedtomovebacktoVenezuelapermanently.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeCáceres?A.Positiveandartistic. B.Talentedandgenerous.C.Creativeandindependent. D.Braveandcooperative.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了安德里亚·卡塞雷斯本是工程师，热爱画画。她移居美国后与爱犬托比分离，通过每日画狗缓解压力并走红，最终攒钱接回托比，还出版了关于它的绘本。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Hewasn’tscaredatallbythenoiseofcarsfromthenearbyroad,orevenwhenaloudambulancerushedpast.“He’satrueNewYorker,”Caceressaidwithalaugh.(它丝毫没有被附近道路上汽车的噪音吓到，甚至当一辆响亮的救护车疾驰而过时，它也没有感到害怕。“它就是个地道的纽约人。”卡塞雷斯笑着说道。)”可推知，卡塞雷斯称托比是“真正的纽约人”是因为托比适应了这座喧闹的城市环境。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Shemissedhimimmensely,andshewaseagerforacreativeoutlettohelpherthroughallthetransitionsshewasgoingthrough.(她深深地思念着他，渴望有一个创作的出口来帮助自己度过所有正在经历的转变。)”可知，卡塞雷斯想念狗狗，想用创作来应对新生活里的变化和压力。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Bestofall,aftermorethantwoyearsapart,shesavedenoughtobringTobitoNewYork.(最棒的是，在分别超过两年之后，她攒够了钱把托比带到了纽约。)”可知，卡塞雷斯的插画作品取得成功后，她赚了足够的钱和她的狗团聚。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中““AndIstartedillustratingTobi.”Withoutevertakingasingleartclass,Caceresgraduatedwithanengineeringdegree—butshepursuedworkasanartist.(“在学习期间，我开始画画，然后就开始画托比了。”她说。她从未上过一次艺术课，但还是以工程学学位毕业了——但她选择了从事艺术家的工作。)”以及第三段中“Shemissedhimimmensely,andshewaseagerforacreativeoutlettohelpherthroughallthetransitionsshewasgoingthrough.Soshestartedaproject:Everyday,forawholeyear,shewoulddrawadifferentdog.Shecalledtheproject“ADogADayKeepstheStressAway”,andthefirstdogshedrewinJanuary2018was,ofcourse,Tobi.(她深深地思念着他，渴望有一个创作的出口来帮助自己度过所有正在经历的转变。于是她开始了一个项目：整整一年里，每天她都会画一只不同的狗。她将这个项目命名为“每天一只狗，压力自然就远离了”，而她在2018年1月画的第一只狗，当然就是托比。)”可知，卡塞雷斯没上过美术课却成为艺术家，很有艺术天赋（artistic）；面对生活变化坚持画画解压，态度积极乐观（positive）。由此可推知，卡塞雷斯是一个积极且有艺术天赋的人。故选A项。CInthecrystalclearwatersnearTalamone,Italy,anextraordinarysightawaitsbeneaththeMediterraneanSea’ssurface.Mermaids,toweringgiantsandenormoussculpturaleyesgazeupwardfromtheoceanfloor,creatinganotherworldlyunderwatergallerythatservesacrucialenvironmentalpurpose.Thisuniqueinitiativerepresentsoneinnovativefisherman’sdeterminedefforttoprotectvitalfishinggroundsfromthedisastrousimpactofmercialfishingnetsthatthreatenmarineecosystems.Theunderwatersculpturegardenoperatesonasimpleyeteffectiveprinciplethatstrategicallyplacedartisticinstallations(安装工程)workalongsideconcreteblockstophysicallyobstructandbreakthefishingnetsthatdestroymarinelife.Thesemassivefishingnets,draggedacrosstheseafloorbymercialvessels,destroydelicateunderwaterhabitatsanddepletefishpopulationsthatlocalfishingmunitiesdependuponfortheirlivelihood.Theprojecthasevolvedbeyonditsinitialconservationgoalstobeeacooperativeeffortinvolvinglocaleducationalinstitutionsandyoungartists.StudentsfromahighschoolinnearbyGrossetohaveactivelyparticipatedintheinitiative,creatingspecializedsculpturalworksdesignedtoservetwopurposes.Thesestudentcraftedpiecesnotonlycontributetotheantifishingbarriersystembutalsoprovidealternativehabitatsformarinecreatures.Byofferingthemarinespeciesasafeshelterwithinthesculpturalinstallations,theprojecthelpsreducetheirvulnerabilitytoillegalfishingpracticeswhilesupportingnaturalpopulationrecovery.Thefishermanbehindtheinitiativerecognizedthattraditionalregulatoryapproachesalonewerenotenoughtofulfilltheenvironmentalmitment.Andthesculpturesthemselveshavecapturedinternationalattentionwhileservingpracticalconservationpurposes.EachpiecesunktotheMediterraneanfloorcontributestoagrowingunderwatermuseumthattellsthestoryoflocaleffortstopreservemarinebiodiversity.Asthesculpturegardencontinuestoexpand,itservesasaninspiringexampleofhowartandenvironmentalprotectioncanworktogethertocreatelastingpositivechangeinmarineecosystems.8.Whatisthepurposeoftheunderwatersculptures?A.Toprotectunderwaterecosystems. B.Topromotelocalfishingindustry.C.Toraiseenvironmentalawareness. D.Tocreateanattractiveartisticgallery.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph2mean?A.Carefullymanage. B.Graduallyrelocate.C.Significantlyreduce. D.Successfullyprotect.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectinparagraph3?A.Theprojectcallsformoresupportfromstudentsandartists.B.Theprojecthasexpandedintoamunitybasedinitiative.C.Thesculptureshavemanagedtostoppracticesofillegalfishing.D.Thesculpturesshowsuperiorartisticskillsoftheyoungparticipants.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Artinthedepths:ANewFashioninItalyB.SculptingaShield:ArtMeetsConservationC.FromGallerytoFishery:ThePowerofStudentsD.GuardingtheDeep:TraditionalWaysofProtection【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利一位渔民通过在地中海海底放置雕塑，将艺术与环保相结合，阻挡破坏性渔网、保护海洋生态系统的创新举措。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thisuniqueinitiativerepresentsoneinnovativefisherman’sdeterminedefforttoprotectvitalfishinggroundsfromthedisastrousimpactofmercialfishingnetsthatthreatenmarineecosystems.(这一独特的举措代表了一位创新渔民保护重要渔场免受威胁海洋生态系统的商业捕鱼网灾难性影响的坚定努力。)”以及第二段“Theunderwatersculpturegardenoperatesonasimpleyeteffectiveprinciplethatstrategicallyplacedartisticinstallations(安装工程)workalongsideconcreteblockstophysicallyobstructandbreakthefishingnetsthatdestroymarinelife.(水下雕塑花园遵循一个简单而有效的原则，即战略性地放置艺术装置与混凝土块一起，从物理上阻挡和破坏破坏海洋生物的渔网。)”可知，水下雕塑的目的是保护水下生态系统。故选A项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Thesemassivefishingnets,draggedacrosstheseafloorbymercialvessels,destroydelicateunderwaterhabitatsanddepletefishpopulationsthatlocalfishingmunitiesdependuponfortheirlivelihood.(这些巨大的渔网被商船拖过海底，破坏了脆弱的水下栖息地，并使当地渔业社区赖以生存的鱼类数量____。)”可知，渔网对鱼类数量造成的影响是负面的，结合选项可知，应该是“使鱼类数量减少”，所以deplete意思是“显著减少”。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theprojecthasevolvedbeyonditsinitialconservationgoalstobeeacooperativeeffortinvolvinglocaleducationalinstitutionsandyoungartists.StudentsfromahighschoolinnearbyGrossetohaveactivelyparticipatedintheinitiative,creatingspecializedsculpturalworksdesignedtoservetwopurposes.(该项目已经超越了最初的保护目标，发展成为一项涉及当地教育机构和年轻艺术家的合作努力。附近格罗塞托一所高中的学生积极参与了这项倡议，创作了具有两种用途的专门雕塑作品。)”可知，该项目已经发展成为一个社区性的倡议，涉及到当地的教育机构和年轻艺术家。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Asthesculpturegardencontinuestoexpand,itservesasaninspiringexampleofhowartandenvironmentalprotectioncanworktogethertocreatelastingpositivechangeinmarineecosystems.(随着雕塑花园的不断扩大，它成为艺术与环境保护如何共同努力，为海洋生态系统带来持久积极变化的一个鼓舞人心的例子。)”可知，文章主要讲述了水下雕塑花园如何将艺术与海洋保护相结合，所以B项“SculptingaShield:ArtMeetsConservation(塑造盾牌：艺术与保护相遇)”是最佳标题。故选B项。DScientistshavelongexploredtoturnthemechanicalenergyofraindropsintoelectricity.However,traditionaldroplet(液滴)generatorshaveproblemslikebeingheavy,expensive,andhardtomakeinlargesizes.AteamfromNanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronauticshascreatedanewfloatingdropletelectricitygenerator.Ituseswaterinitsstructure,makingitlighter,cheaperandmoreecofriendly.Unlikemosinggeneratorsthatusesolidplatformsandmetalelectrode(电极),thenewdevicefloatsonwater.Waterhereworksbothasasupportandaconductiveelectrode.Thisspecialdesigncutsthedevice’sweightbyabout80%anditscostbynearlyhalf,whileitstillproducesasmuchelectricityastraditionalsystems.Whenaraindrophitsthefloatinglayerofthegenerator,thewaterbelowtakesintheimpactandhelpsthedropspreadout.Atthesametime,ions(离子)inthewatercarryelectriccharges.Together,thesethingsletthegeneratormakeabout250voltsofelectricityfromoneraindrop.Thegeneratoralsohassmartdrainageholes.Theseholesusewater’ssurfacetensiontoremoveextrawaterwithoutlettingitflowback,sothegeneratorworksstably.Itcanalsoworkwellindifferenttemperaturesandsaltlevels,eveninnaturallakewater.Itsspecialstructuremakesitstrongenoughforbadenvironments.Anotheradvantageofthisnewtechnologyisitscapacityforlargescaleproduction.Researchersbuilta0.3squaremetermodel,whichismuchbiggerthanearlierones.Itcanpower50LEDsatthesametimeandchargesmallbatteriesinminutes.Thismeansitcouldbeusedtopowersmallelectronicdevicesandsensorsonlakesornearthesea,withouttakingupanyland.ProfessorWanlinGuo,wholedthestudy,saidthis“natureintegrated”designisabigstepforcheapandlighthydropowersystems.Thesesystemscanworkwithsolarandwindpower.Besidesmakingelectricity,thetechnologycanalsohelpmonitorwaterenvironments,likepoweringsensorsthatcheckwaterquality.Ofcourse,therearestillchallenges.Forexample,raindropsfallunevenly,andthegenerator’slongtermoutdooruseneedsmoretesting.Butthisfloatinggeneratorisstillanimportantprogressforpracticalhydropoweruse.12.Whatisthemainadvantageofthefloatinggeneratorovertraditionalones?A.Itusesecofriendlymetalelectrodes. B.Itproduceshighervoltageperraindrop.C.Itworksefficientlyindesertenvironments. D.Itreducesweightandcostsignificantly.13.What’sParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thematerialsusedtomakethenewgenerator.B.Theworkingenvironmentofthenewgenerator.C.Theworkingprincipleandstrengthsofthenewgenerator.D.Thedifferencesbetweenthenewgeneratorandtraditionalones.14.The0.3squaremetermodelinPara4demonstrates________.A.thegenerator’spowerfulcapacity B.thelargersizeoftraditionalversionsC.thereliabilityofoutdooroperations D.theabilitytomonitorthewaterquality15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthenewgenerator?A.Doubtfulaboutitspracticalvalue.B.Unconcernedaboutitstechnicaldetails.C.Cautiouslyoptimisticaboutitsfutureuse.D.Confidentthatitwillreplaceotherenergysources.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南京航空航天大学团队研发的新型漂浮式液滴发电机的优势、工作原理、应用前景及面临的挑战。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thisspecialdesigncutsthedevice’sweightbyabout80%anditscostbynearlyhalf,whileitstillproducesasmuchelectricityastraditionalsystems.(这种特殊的设计使该设备的重量减轻了约80%，成本降低了近一半，同时它仍然能产生与传统系统一样多的电力。)”可知，漂浮式发电机的主要优势是显著减轻了重量和成本。故选D。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Whenaraindrophitsthefloatinglayerofthegenerator,thewaterbelowtakesintheimpactandhelpsthedropspreadout.Atthesametime,ions(离子)inthewatercarryelectriccharges.Together,thesethingsletthegeneratormakeabout250voltsofelectricityfromoneraindrop.Thegeneratoralsohassmartdrainageholes.Theseholesusewater’ssurfacetensiontoremoveextrawaterwithoutlettingitflowback,sothegeneratorworksstably.Itcanalsoworkwellindifferenttemperaturesandsaltlevels,eveninnaturallakewater.Itsspecialstructuremakesitstrongenoughforbadenvironments.(当雨滴击中发电机的漂浮层时，下面的水吸收冲击力并帮助雨滴扩散。与此同时，水中的离子携带电荷。这些因素共同作用，使发电机能从一滴雨滴中产生约250伏的电力。发电机还有智能排水孔。这些孔利用水的表面张力去除多余的水，而不让水回流，因此发电机工作稳定。它还可以在不同的温度和盐度下工作良好，即使在天然湖水中也是如此。它的特殊结构使其在恶劣环境中足够坚固。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了新型发电机的工作原理和优势。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Researchersbuilta0.3squaremetermodel,whichismuchbiggerthanearlierones.Itcanpower50LEDsatthesametimeandchargesmallbatteriesinminutes.(研究人员建造了一个0.3平方米的模型，比之前的模型大得多。它可以同时为50个LED供电，并在几分钟内为小电池充电。)”可知，0.3平方米的模型展示了发电机的强大能力。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ProfessorWanlinGuo,wholedthestudy,saidthis“natureintegrated”designisabigstepforcheapandlighthydropowersystems.Thesesystemscanworkwithsolarandwindpower.Besidesmakingelectricity,thetechnologycanalsohelpmonitorwaterenvironments,likepoweringsensorsthatcheckwaterquality.Ofcourse,therearestillchallenges.Forexample,raindropsfallunevenly,andthegenerator’slongtermoutdooruseneedsmoretesting.Butthisfloatinggeneratorisstillanimportantprogressforpracticalhydropoweruse.(领导这项研究的郭万林教授表示，这种“自然融合”的设计是廉价轻型水电系统的一大进步。这些系统可以与太阳能和风能一起工作。除了发电，这项技术还可以帮助监测水环境，比如为检测水质的传感器供电。当然，仍然存在挑战。例如，雨滴下落不均匀，发电机的长期户外使用需要更多的测试。但这种漂浮式发电机仍然是实际水电应用的一个重要进展。)”可知，作者引用教授的积极观点，且表示这种发电机的应用方面也有挑战，对新型发电机的未来使用持谨慎乐观的态度。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Openingyouracceptanceemailandlearningyou’llattenduniversityintheUnitedStatesisoneoflife’smosingmoments.Immediately,youmaystartimaginingallthethingsyouwanttodouponarrival.____16____Followthesetipstomakethemostofyourfinalmonthsathome.●BeaTouristinYourHometownAsanticipationbuilds,besuretofullyenjoyyourhomecountrybeforeleaving.Returningduringtheacademicyearcanbedifficult,withbreakspossiblymonthsapart.Visitparks,eatatfavoriterestaurants,orgotobelovedshopsandmarkets.Revisitactivitiesyouenjoyedwhenyounger.____17____●____18____Decidewhatyouhopetoachievebeforearrivingoncampus.Ithelpsclarifywhatyouwantfromyourstudyabroadexperience.Aimbeyondacademics:whilegoodgradesmatter,alsoconsidergoalslikemakingfriendsfromdifferentstatesorjoiningcampusclubs.Theseaimsencourageinvolvementandhelpbalanceyourschedule.●FigureOutLogisticsBeyondmakingmemorieswithfamilyandfriends,you’llwanttofigureoutallthelogisticsathomesoyou’rereadytogoonmoveinday.____19____Figureoutyourlivingsituationifyouplantoliveoffcampus,andwhatyou’llneedinyourapartment.Gettoknowthedeliverystationsofyouruniversity,soyouknowwhereyoucanpickupyourpackagesorparcels.Eventhoughtherearelotsofthingstodobeforeyouleavehome,you’llneverregretpletingallofthese.____20____U.S.’llsetyourselfupforasuccessfultransitiontouniversitylifeintheU.S.A.SetGoalsforYourUpingYearB.BalanceAcademicandLifeGoalsC.Thesememorieswillfortyouduringhomesickmoments.D.Spenduninterruptedtimewithyourfamilyorlearnyourfavoriterecipe.E.Orderbooksonlineorfromthecampusbookstoreforpickupuponarrival.F.Doremembertofillyourmindwithsweetmemoriesandcheckafewitemsoffyourlist.G.Inallthaement,taketimetoappreciatewhereyouarenowandprepareforsuccess.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.E20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章给即将赴美留学的学生提了三条建议：在家乡好好体验、设定新学期目标、做好行前后勤准备，帮助他们顺利适应美国大学生活。【16题详解】前文“Openingyouracceptanceemailandlearningyou’llattenduniversityintheUnitedStatesisoneoflife’smosingmoments.Immediately,youmaystartimaginingallthethingsyouwanttodouponarrival.(收到录取通知并得知自己将前往美国大学就读，这无疑是人生中最激动人心的时刻之一。紧接着，你可能会开始想象自己抵达美国后想要做的一切事情。)”讲收到录取邮件很兴奋，后文“Followthesetipstomakethemostofyourfinalmonthsathome.(请遵循以下建议，充分利用在家的最后几个月。)”给出在家最后几个月的建议。G选项“Inallthaement,taketimetoappreciatewhereyouarenowandprepareforsuccess.(在所有这些兴奋之中，要花时间欣赏当下所处的环境，并为成功做好准备。)”起到承上启下的作用，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。【17题详解】前文“Asanticipationbuilds,besuretofullyenjoyyourhomecountrybeforeleaving.Returningduringtheacademicyearcanbedifficult,withbreakspossiblymonthsapart.Visitparks,eatatfavoriterestaurants,orgotobelovedshopsandmarkets.Revisitactivitiesyouenjoyedwhenyounger.(随着期待的逐渐增强，请务必在离开之前充分欣赏自己的祖国。在学年期间返回可能会很困难，因为假期可能相隔数月。参观公园、品尝喜爱的餐厅、逛喜欢的商店和市场。重温年轻时喜欢的活动。)”可知，本段建议在家乡游玩、重温美好活动，C选项“Thesememorieswillfortyouduringhomesickmoments.(这些回忆会在思乡时刻给你带来慰藉。)”中“这些记忆”指代前文的美好经历，衔接自然。故选C项。【18题详解】下文“Decidewhatyouhopetoachievebeforearrivingoncampus.Ithelpsclarifywhatyouwantfromyourstudyabroadexperience.Aimbeyondacademics:whilegoodgradesmatter,alsoconsidergoalslikemakingfriendsfromdifferentstatesorjoiningcampusclubs.(在抵达校园之前确定你希望达成的目标。这有助于明确你从出国留学中想要获得什么。除了学业成绩，还要考虑诸如结交来自不同州的朋友或加入校园社团等目标。)”可知，本段核心是确定到校前的目标，涵盖学业与课外，A选项“SetGoalsforYourUpingYear(为即将到来的一年设定目标)”精准概括段落主旨。故选A项。【19题详解】前文“Beyondmakingmemorieswithfamilyandfriends,you’llwanttofigureoutallthelogisticsathomesoyou’rereadytogoonmoveinday.(除了与家人和朋友共度美好时光外，你还需要弄清楚家乡的所有相关事宜，以便在入住日时做好准备。)”讲行前后勤准备，E选项“Orderbooksonlineorfromthecampusbookstoreforpickupuponarrival.(在线订购书籍或从校园书店购买，以便抵达后取货。)”属于具体的后勤安排，与后文住宿、取件等内容匹配。故选E项。【20题详解】前文“Eventhoughtherearelotsofthingstodobeforeyouleavehome,you’llneverregretpletingallofthese.(尽管在离家之前还有很多事情要做，但完成这些事情你永远不会后悔。)”指出完成这些事不会后悔，后文“You’llsetyourselfupforasuccessfultransitiontouniversitylifeintheU.S.(这样你就能为在美国的大学生活顺利过渡做好准备。)”指出能顺利适应美国大学生活，F选项“Doremembertofillyourmindwithsweetmemoriesandcheckafewitemsoffyourlist.(请务必让自己的头脑充满美好的回忆，并完成清单上的几项任务。)”总结要留存美好回忆、完成待办事项，衔接上下文。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whentheartpetitionposterwentupontheschoolbulletinboard,Clara,alefthandedgirlwithabadlyinjuredwrist,graspedherfavoritepaintbrush____21____.Shehadbeenlookingforwardtothiseventforyears,foritwasherlastchancetowinavaluablescholarshiptoherdreamartschool.Thedoctorhadwarnedherto____22____herwristpletelyforawholemonth,butshejustcouldn’tbeartogiveuptheopportunity.Herfirstattemptendedintotalfrustration—herbrush____23____suddenlyduetothesharppain,leavingamessystreakrightacrossthecenterofthecanvas.Tearsblurredhervisionasshestaredatthetotally____24____painting,herheartsinkingwithdisappointment.Justasshewasabouttocrumpleitupandthrowitawayinanger,she____25____hermentor’sinspiringwords:“Resilienceisnotavoidingfalls,but____26____withmorecourageeachtimeyoustumble.”Withher____27____hand,ahandshe’dneverusedforpaintingbefore,Clarastartedoverfromscratch.Everystrokefeltstiffandawkward,everylinewasroughand____28____,butsherefusedtoletfrustration____29